257,509 results match your criteria Biophysical Profile Ultrasound
Cytometry A 2018 Dec;93(12):1207-1212
Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Biomarkers in the blood of cancer patients include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs), EV-associated miRNA (EV-miRNA), and circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA). Because the size and density of biomarkers differ, blood is centrifuged to isolate or concentrate the biomarker of interest. Here, we applied a model to estimate the effect of centrifugation on the purity of a biomarker according to published protocols. Read More
Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018 Dec 11;49:97-104. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Heterogeneous biocatalysis laboratory, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; ARAID, Aragon I+D foundation, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address:
During the past decades, biocatalysis has made important contributions to chemical manufacturing by using both whole-cell and cell-free biotransformation reactions. More recently, multi-enzyme systems that can run step-wise reactions in one-pot with high selectivity are increasingly being developed. The use of multiple isolated enzymes to perform a series of reactions offers operational and process advantages over the use of living or resting cells, but such cell free processes need to be optimized to meet industrial productivity and titer requirements. Read More
Life Sci 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. Electronic address:
Aims: Idiopathic nature of male infertility disorder needs to be investigated by different horizons of molecular biology for its treatment and to device male contraceptive. Further, it can also aid in advancement of assisted reproductive technology (ART), as nowadays the failure and disquiets of ART are consistent. Herein, we have attempted to find out proteins responsible for male infertility by comparing proteome profile of sperms collected from normal control and asthenozoospermic (AS) males. Read More
J Theor Biol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Gordon Life Science Institute, Boston, MA 02478, USA.
The structure of protein gains additional stability against various detrimental effects by the presence of disulfide bonds. The formation of correct disulfide bonds between cysteine residues ensures proper in vivo and in vitro folding of the protein. Many cysteine residues can be present in the polypeptide chain of a protein, however, not all cysteine residues are involved in the formation of a disulfide bond, and therefore, accurate prediction of these bonds is crucial for identifying biophysical characteristics of a protein. Read More
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address:
The tubulin-associated unit (Tau) protein is an intrinsically disordered protein that plays a well-established role in promoting microtubule assembly and stabilization in neuronal axons at all stages of development. Identification of new interacting partners and different sub-cellular localizations of Tau in recent years led to the discovery of novel physiological functions in regulation of neuronal activity, neurogenesis, long-term depression, iron export and genomic integrity. In addition, Tau gene mutations, aberrant mRNA splicing and abnormal post-translational modifications, such as hyperphosphorylation, lead to formation of pathological, insoluble Tau aggregates that are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as tauopathies. Read More
Neuropharmacology 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
CNRS Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), MiRCen, CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses, 18 route du Panorama, 92265, France.
Neuronal Na/K-ATPase is responsible for the maintenance of ionic gradient across plasma membrane. In doing so, in a healthy brain, Na/K-ATPase activity accounts for nearly half of total brain energy consumption. The α3-subunit containing Na/K-ATPase expression is restricted to neurons. Read More
Cell 2018 Dec;175(7):1756-1768.e17
Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address:
Irisin is secreted by muscle, increases with exercise, and mediates certain favorable effects of physical activity. In particular, irisin has been shown to have beneficial effects in adipose tissues, brain, and bone. However, the skeletal response to exercise is less clear, and the receptor for irisin has not been identified. Read More
Peptides 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. Electronic address:
Cebranopadol is a mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonist currently under development as innovative analgesic. In this study the liability of cebranopadol to produce opioid-type physical dependence has been evaluated in comparison with morphine in wild type mice and in mice knockout for the NOP receptor gene (NOP(-/-)). Mice were treated twice a day for 5 days with increasing doses of cebranopadol or morphine (cumulative doses 10. Read More
J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States. Electronic address:
Rationale: Truncation mutations in the MYBPC3 gene, encoding for cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C), are the leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Whole heart, fiber and molecular studies demonstrate that MyBP-C is a potent modulator of cardiac contractility, but how these mutations contribute to HCM is unresolved.
Objectives: To readdress whether MYBPC3 truncation mutations result in loss of MyBP-C content and/or the expression of truncated MyBP-C from the mutant allele and determine how these mutations effect myofilament sliding in human myocardium. Read More
PLoS One 2018 14;13(12):e0208400. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Understanding the drivers of large-scale vegetation change is critical to managing landscapes and key to predicting how projected climate and land use changes will affect regional vegetation patterns. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the role, magnitude, and spatial distribution of the key environmental and socioeconomic factors driving vegetation change in a southern African savanna. This research was conducted across the Kwando, Okavango and Zambezi catchments of southern Africa (Angola, Namibia, Botswana and Zambia) and explored vegetation cover change across the region from 2001-2010. Read More
Pol J Microbiol 2018 ;67(4):525-528
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University , Nicosia , Cyprus.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted by a fecal oral route from animals to humans following exposure to the body fluids of infected animals. We investigated the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis E (anti-HEV) antibodies by monitoring IgG and IgM virus antibodies amongst employees in the animal industry in North Cyprus through a cross-sectional study. Samples were taken from individuals without occupational exposure to animals and from those who worked with animals (doing animal husbandry, veterinary work or butchery). Read More
J Biomed Opt 2018 Dec;23(12):1-11
711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Optical Radiation Bio, United States.
Skin injury response to near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation between the minimum visible lesion threshold and ablation onset is not well understood. This study utilizes a 1070-nm diode-pumped Yb-fiber laser to explore the response of excised porcine skin to high-energy exposures in the suprathreshold injury region without inducing ablation. Concurrent high-speed videography is employed to determine a dichotomous response for three progressive damage categories: observable surface distortion, surface bubble formation due to contained intracutaneous water vaporization, and surface bubble rupture during exposure. Read More
Protein Sci 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China 100101.
Transmembrane electrostatic membrane potential is a major energy source of the cell. It determines the structures and functions of charge-carrying membrane proteins. Here, we discuss the relationship between membrane potential and the immersed membrane protein, in particular whether the conformation of the membrane protein is integrally connected to the membrane potential. Read More
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Dept. Chem & Biochem, UCSB, 93106, Santa Barbara, UNITED STATES.
Despite the importance of protein-surface interactions in both biology and biotechnology, our understanding of their origins is limited due to a paucity of experimental studies of the thermodynamics behind such interactions. In response we have characterized the extent to which interaction with a chemically well-defined macroscopic surface alters the stability of protein L. To do so, we site-specifically attached a redox-reporter-modified protein variant to a hydroxyl-terminated monolayer on a gold surface and then used electrochemistry to monitor its guanidine denaturation and determine its folding free energy. Read More
J Sleep Res 2018 Dec 13:e12806. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is highly comorbid with sleep dysfunction. In contrast to motor symptoms, few therapeutic interventions exist to address sleep symptoms in PD. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) treats advanced PD motor symptoms and may improve sleep architecture. Read More
Proteins 2018 Dec 1;86(12):1313. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218.
Cytometry A 2018 Dec 13;93(12):1197-1201. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Environ Microbiol 2018 Dec;20(12):4629-4630
McKnight Professor, Microbial Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Chembiochem 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Anhui Normal University, CHINA.
Plant cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light receptors that regulate the light-dependent growth, development and circadian rhythm. A flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor is bound to the photolyase homology region (PHR) of plant CRYs that can be photoreduced to neutral radical state under blue light. This photoreaction may trigger subsequent signal transduction. Read More
J Diabetes Investig 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455São Paulo, SP, BR.
Aims/introduction: Epigenetics participate in the pathogenesis of metabolic memory, a situation in which hyperglycemia exerts prolonged deleterious effects even after its normalization. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variants in an epigenetic gene could predispose to diabetes complications.
Material And Methods: We assessed the frequency of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding DNA methytransferase 1 (DNMT1; rs8112895, rs7254567, rs11085721, rs17291414, and rs10854076) and their associations with diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, distal polyneuropathy and autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy (CAN) in 359 long-term Type 1 diabetes individuals. Read More
J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapy has created promising results among much chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Imatinib as a relatively specific inhibitor of Bcr-Abl is at present one of the undisputed therapeutic agent for newlydiagnosed patients with CML. However, the occurrence of imatinib-resistance enlightens the urgent need to identify other therapeutic agents against CML. Read More
Elife 2018 Dec 14;7. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.
Although polyubiquitin chains linked through all lysines of ubiquitin exist, specific functions are well-established only for lysine-48 and lysine-63 linkages in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To uncover pathways regulated by distinct linkages, genetic interactions between a gene deletion library and a panel of lysine-to-arginine ubiquitin mutants were systematically identified. The K11R mutant had strong genetic interactions with threonine biosynthetic genes. Read More
Phys Rev Lett 2018 Nov;121(22):221802
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
The first evidence of events consistent with the production of a single top quark in association with a photon is reported. The analysis is based on proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV and recorded by the CMS experiment in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb^{-1}. Read More
J Health Pollut 2017 Jun 22;7(14):15-22. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, School of Allied Health and Environmental Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
Background: Urbanization, industrialization and changes in consumption patterns have compounded the problem of solid waste management in Nigeria. Poor waste management threatens the well-being and health of the local population, particularly those living adjacent to dumpsites.
Objectives: An assessment of the impact of dumpsites in a satellite town of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria was carried out to determine the level of biophysical/chemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity, nutrients (calcium and magnesium), heavy metals (lead, chromium, zinc), and microbial burden) on the quality of soil and groundwater and their impact on health and the environment. Read More
Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1894:47-55
Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
The liver is the principal detoxification center of the body, removing xenobiotics and waste products which could potentially include some nanomaterials (NM). With the ever increasing public and occupational exposure associated with accumulative production of nanomaterials, there is an urgent need to consider the possibility of harmful health consequences of engineered NM exposure. It is understood that following exposure via inhalation, ingestion, or direct intravenous injection a fraction of NMs reach the liver. Read More
Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1903:179-184
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Inhibition of oncogenes and reactivation of tumor suppressors are well-established goals in anticancer drug development. Unfortunately many oncogenes and tumor suppressors are not classically druggable, in that they lack a targetable enzymatic activity and associated binding pockets that small molecule drugs can be directed to. This is especially relevant for transcription factors, which have long been thought to be undruggable. Read More
Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1903:45-59
Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Drug repurposing has garnered much interest as an effective method for drug development among biopharmaceutical companies. The availability of information on complete sequences of genomes and their associated biological data, genotype-phenotype-disease relationships, and properties of small molecules offers opportunities to explore the repurpose-able potential of existing pharmacopoeia. This method gains further importance, especially, in the context of development of drugs against infectious diseases, some of which pose serious complications due to emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. Read More
Neth Heart J 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Pathogenic mutations in the phospholamban (PLN) gene may give rise to inherited cardiomyopathies due to its role in calcium homeostasis. Several PLN mutations have been identified, with the R14del mutation being the most prevalent cardiomyopathy-related mutation in the Netherlands. It is present in patients diagnosed with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy as well as dilated cardiomyopathy. Read More
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Biophysics, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
There has been a controversy in the oncology field about the use of antioxidants along with chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a potent antioxidant (astaxanthin) co-treatment with a promising anti-cancer drug (carbendazim), which is in phase I clinical trials, on MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation. MCF-7 cells were treated with carbendazim, astaxanthin, or their combinations and incubated for 24 h. Read More
Diabetologia 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, 7465 Medical Research Bldg IV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA.
Over the last two decades, improved access to human islets and the development of human islet distribution networks have enabled the use of millions of human islets in hundreds of scientific research projects, leading to a dramatic increase in our understanding of human islet biology. Here we discuss recent scientific advances as well as methodological and experimental challenges that impact human islet quality, experimental outcomes and the reporting of human islets used in scientific publications. In a survey of over 200 scientific publications with human islet experimentation, we found that the reporting of critical information was quite variable, sometimes obscure, and often failed to adequately outline the experiments and results using human islets. Read More
Cell Mol Life Sci 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated, apical anion channel that regulates ion and fluid transport in many epithelia including the airways. We have previously shown that cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to airway epithelia causes a reduction in plasma membrane CFTR expression which correlated with a decrease in airway surface hydration. The effect of CS on CFTR was dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca. Read More
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
Lignocellulose feedstock constitutes the most abundant carbon source in the biosphere; however, its recalcitrance remains a challenge for microbial conversion into biofuel and bioproducts. Bacillus licheniformis is a microbial mesophilic bacterium capable of secreting a large number of glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes, including a glycoside hydrolase from GH family 9 (BlCel9). Here, we conducted biochemical and biophysical studies of recombinant BlCel9, and its low-resolution molecular shape was retrieved from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data. Read More
Heliyon 2018 Dec 5;4(12):e00996. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Detecting fluorescence changes due to energy transfer between a quencher and fluorophore is a common method used for the fluorescence-based biosensors. In the present report, a new biosensor for long segment detection of the human T cell-lymphotropic virus 1 genome was constructed based on the fluorescence quenching of graphene oxide by gold nanoparticles. The fluorescence signal of unmodified graphene oxide was measured before and after hybridization of target and probes functionalized with gold nanoparticles. Read More
Sustain Sci 2018 17;13(6):1519-1531. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
10Basque Centre for Climate Change, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sede Building 1, 1st Floor, Scientific Campus, Leioa, 48940 Bilbao, Spain.
Sustainability is a key challenge for humanity in the context of complex and unprecedented global changes. Future Earth, an international research initiative aiming to advance global sustainability science, has recently launched knowledge-action networks (KANs) as mechanisms for delivering its research strategy. The research initiative is currently developing a KAN on "natural assets" to facilitate and enable action-oriented research and synthesis towards natural assets sustainability. Read More
Oncol Lett 2018 Dec 26;16(6):7035-7047. Epub 2018 Sep 26.
Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland.
Cervical microbial communities serve a crucial role in the persistence and development of oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. In the present study, the authors hypothesised that disturbed heterogeneity of microbial flora was associated with HPV-induced carcinogenesis. Swabs of the cervical microbiota were collected from 250 women and the 16S ribosomal DNA was sequenced using a high throughput assay. Read More
Front Immunol 2018 28;9:2779. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.
Sand flies bite mammalian hosts to obtain a blood meal, driving changes in the host inflammatory response that support the establishment of infection. This effect is partially attributed to components of sand fly saliva, which are able to recruit and activate leukocytes. Our group has shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) favors survival in infected cells by reducing inflammatory responses. Read More
Front Immunol 2018 28;9:2281. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The relative potency and quality of mouse B cell response to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling varies significantly depending on the B cell subset and on the TLR member being engaged. Although it has been shown that marginal zone cells respond faster than follicular (FO) splenic B cells to TLR4 stimulus, FO B cells retain full capacity to proliferate and generate plasmablasts and plasma cells (PBs/PCs) with 2-3 days delayed kinetics. It is not clear whether this scenario could be extended to other members of the TLR family. Read More
Front Microbiol 2018 27;9:2916. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
The ability of plant-associated microbes to produce gibberellin A (GA) phytohormones was first described for the fungal rice pathogen in the 1930s. Recently the capacity to produce GAs was shown for several bacteria, including symbiotic alpha-proteobacteria (α-rhizobia) and gamma-proteobacteria phytopathogens. All necessary enzymes for GA production are encoded by a conserved operon, which appears to have undergone horizontal transfer between and within these two phylogenetic classes of bacteria. Read More
Front Pharmacol 2018 28;9:1369. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) were first characterized as signal transducers that elicit downstream effects through modulation of guanine (G) nucleotide-binding proteins. The pharmacotherapeutic exploitation of this signaling paradigm has created a drug-based field covering nearly 50% of the current pharmacopeia. Since the groundbreaking discoveries of the late 1990s to the present day, it is now clear however that GPCRs can also generate productive signaling cascades through the modulation of β-arrestin functionality. Read More
J Appl Crystallogr 2018 Dec 9;51(Pt 6):1623-1632. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Coupling of size-exclusion chromatography with biological solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) on dedicated synchrotron beamlines enables structural analysis of challenging samples such as labile proteins and low-affinity complexes. For this reason, the approach has gained increased popularity during the past decade. Transportation of perishable samples to synchrotrons might, however, compromise the experiments, and the limited availability of synchrotron beamtime renders iterative sample optimization tedious and lengthy. Read More
J Appl Crystallogr 2018 Dec 11;51(Pt 6):1511-1524. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France.
This article presents the main technical features and performance of the upgraded beamline ID02 at the ESRF. The beamline combines different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in one unique instrument, enabling static and kinetic investigations from ångström to micrometre size scales and time resolution down to the sub-millisecond range. The main component of the instrument is an evacuated detector tube of length 34 m and diameter 2 m. Read More
J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018 2;318(3):2389-2399. Epub 2018 Nov 2.
GAU-Radioanalytical Laboratories, Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK.
Presented are results on the Pu and Th isotopes activity concentration found in the upper part of bottom sediments collected from a deep part of 29 lakes in N-E Poland by diving in 2000. Analyses of Pu isotopic ratios allowed for the discussion of Pu origin. Maximum percentage of Pu activity from Chernobyl fallout was 24%. Read More
J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018 29;318(3):1511-1518. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
3Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
The aim of the article was to verify the hypothesis concerning the diversification of plutonium sources in the natural environment of Antarctica. Plutonium activity and atom ratios were analyzed in two groups of biological samples: terrestrial and marine. Both isotopic ratios in the terrestrial set were consistent with global radioactive fallout ratios. Read More
Sci Transl Med 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are complex psychiatric diseases with risks contributed by multiple genes. Dysregulation of gene expression has been implicated in these disorders, but little is known about such dysregulation in the human brain. We analyzed three transcriptome datasets from 394 postmortem brain tissue samples from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or from healthy control individuals without a known history of psychiatric disease. Read More
Pharmacol Rev 2019 Jan 13;71(1):1-19. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute (F.C., C.E.) and Taussig Cancer Institute (C.E.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (F.C., C.E.); CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center (F.C., C.E.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (C.E.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (H.L.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (A.J.B.); Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California (A.J.B.); Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland (R.N.); and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.N.)
Recent remarkable advances in genome sequencing have enabled detailed maps of identified and interpreted genomic variation, dubbed "mutanomes." The availability of thousands of exome/genome sequencing data has prompted the emergence of new challenges in the identification of novel druggable targets and therapeutic strategies. Typically, mutanomes are viewed as one- or two-dimensional. Read More
J Biol Chem 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
The University of New South Wales, Australia.
The E3 ligase membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 6 (MARCH6) is a polytopic enzyme bound to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. It controls levels of several known protein substrates, including a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, squalene monooxygenase. However, beyond its own autodegradation, little is known about how MARCH6 itself is regulated. Read More
Science 2018 Dec;362(6420):1285-1288
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
Primordial sequence signatures in modern proteins imply ancestral origins tracing back to simple peptides. Although short peptides seldom adopt unique folds, metal ions might have templated their assembly into higher-order structures in early evolution and imparted useful chemical reactivity. Recapitulating such a biogenetic scenario, we have combined design and laboratory evolution to transform a zinc-binding peptide into a globular enzyme capable of accelerating ester cleavage with exacting enantiospecificity and high catalytic efficiency (/ ~ 10 M s). Read More
Science 2018 Dec;362(6420):1247-1248
School of Biomedical Sciences and Randall Centre in Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
Science 2018 Dec;362(6420)
Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Despite progress in defining genetic risk for psychiatric disorders, their molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Addressing this, the PsychENCODE Consortium has generated a comprehensive online resource for the adult brain across 1866 individuals. The PsychENCODE resource contains ~79,000 brain-active enhancers, sets of Hi-C linkages, and topologically associating domains; single-cell expression profiles for many cell types; expression quantitative-trait loci (QTLs); and further QTLs associated with chromatin, splicing, and cell-type proportions. Read More
Science 2018 Dec;362(6420)
Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Most genetic risk for psychiatric disease lies in regulatory regions, implicating pathogenic dysregulation of gene expression and splicing. However, comprehensive assessments of transcriptomic organization in diseased brains are limited. In this work, we integrated genotypes and RNA sequencing in brain samples from 1695 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, as well as controls. Read More