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Am J Surg Pathol 2018 Jan;42(1):95-102

Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA.

The literature is highly conflicting on hepatobiliary mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), aka "hepatobiliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma," largely because ovarian stroma (OS) was not a requirement until WHO-2010 and is not widely applied even today. In this study, MCNs (with OS) accounted for 24 of 229 (11%) resected hepatic cysts in one institution. Eight of the 32 (25%) cysts that had been originally designated as hepatobiliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma at the time of diagnosis proved not to have an OS during this review and were thus re-classified as non-MCN. Read More

Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2017 Aug 31;21(3):107-113. Epub 2017 Aug 31.

Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Backgrounds/aims: Biliary cystadenoma (BCA) and biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC) account for 5%-10% of liver cystic diseases. In this study, we analysed the clinical presentation and surgical management of patients with BCA and BCAC.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of 23 BCA and 7 BCAC cases diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2013. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2017 Mar 25;52(3):365-372. Epub 2016 Nov 25.

b Med. Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim , Bad Mergentheim , Germany.

Objective: Hepatic (biliary) cystic tumor (HBCT) is a rare focal cystic liver lesion, which has been rarely described in the literature. In our current multicenter, retrospective study, we aimed to analyze contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and its diagnostic performance in histologically proved HBCT.

Material And Methods: Twenty-three patients with single HBCT were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2016(10):27-40

Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To optimize diagnostics and treatment of cystic liver tumors.

Material And Methods: The analysis included outcomes of 46 patients with liver cystic tumors.

Results And Discussion: The use of abdominal Doppler-sonography (37 patients), abdominal contrast-enhanced CT (44 patients) and MRI of abdominal cavity with MR-cholangiography (24 patients) defined radiological semiotics of cystic liver diseases. Read More

Pancreatology 2016 Jul-Aug;16(4):625-31. Epub 2016 Apr 7.

From the Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Electronic address:

Background/objective: Acinar cell cystadenoma (ACA), also referred to as "acinar cystic transformation", is a rare and newly recognized cystic lesion of the pancreas displaying apparent acinar cell differentiation with benign outcomes. We summarized our experience with the diagnosis, clinicopathologic feature, treatment and prognosis of ACA to provide a reference for the disposal of this uncommon condition.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from eight patients with ACA treated in our hospital between March, 2005 and January, 2015. Read More

Ann Hepatol 2016 May-Jun;15(3):448-52

Department of Gastroenterology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Cystic lesions of the liver are common and a major proportion is formed by parasitic cysts and simple cysts. Biliary cystic tumors (BCTs), namely biliary cystadenoma (BCA) and biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC), are rare tumors which usually arise from the intrahepatic biliary tree. BCAs have malignant potential and are difficult to differentiate from BCAC pre-operatively on radiological imaging. Read More

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2015 Aug;35(8):1097-102

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China. E-mail:

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and the factors affecting the prognosis of intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma (IBC).

Methods: Forty-six patients with histologically confirmed IBC from January, 2000 to April, 2014 were included. The clinical characteristics of the patients with IBC were compared with those of 58 patients with intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IBCA). Read More

HPB (Oxford) 2015 Oct 30;17(10):889-95. Epub 2015 Jul 30.

Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Background: Biliary cystic tumours (BCT) [biliary cystadenoma (BCA) and cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC)] warrant complete resection. Simple liver cysts (SLC) require fenestration when symptomatic. Distinguishing between BCT and atypical SLC with pre-operative imaging is not well studied. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2015 Jun 10;15:67. Epub 2015 Jun 10.

Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.

Background: Intrahepatic biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms are rare hepatic tumors and account for less than 5% of intrahepatic cystic lesions. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult and the outcome differs among various treatment modalities.The aim of this study is to investigate the clinico-radiological characteristics of intrahepatic biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms and to establish eligible diagnostic and treatment suggestions. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2015 May;128(9):1177-83

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

Background: Surgical resection is generally considered the main curative treatment for intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma (IBCA) or suspected IBCAs, but controversy exists regarding the prognosis for IBCAs. This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics of IBCA and identify prognostic factors that may influence the survival of patients treated with surgical procedures.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with histologically confirmed IBCA treated between January 2000 and June 2014 were included. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2014 Sep;20(35):12595-601

Fu-Bo Zhang, Ai-Min Zhang, Zhi-Bin Zhang, Xin Huang, Xi-Tao Wang, Jia-Hong Dong, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

Aim: To investigate preoperative differential diagnoses made between intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma and intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient data was performed, which included 21 cases of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma and 25 cases of intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma diagnosed between April 2003 and April 2013 at the General Hospital of PLA. Potential patients were excluded whose diagnoses were not confirmed pathologically. Read More

Ann Surg 2015 Feb;261(2):361-7

*Departments of Surgery at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD †Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia ‡Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN §Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA ¶University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA ‖Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI **Fundeni Institute, Bucharest, Romania ††University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA ‡‡Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; and §§Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.

Objective: To characterize clinical and radiological features associated with biliary cystic tumors (BCTs) of the liver, and to define recurrence-free and overall survival.

Background: Biliary cystadenoma (BCA) and biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC) are rare tumors that arise in the liver.

Methods: Between 1984 and 2013, 248 patients who underwent surgical resection of BCA or BCAC were identified. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2013 Oct;19(37):6310-4

Zhen-Zhen Yang, Yong Li, Jun Liu, Kuang-Fan Li, Ye-Hong Yan, Wei-Dong Xiao, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.

Biliary cystadenoma (BCA) is a rare hepatic neoplasm. Although considered a benign cystic tumor of the liver, BCA has a high risk of recurrence with incomplete excision and a potential risk for malignant degeneration. Correct diagnosis and complete tumor excision with negative margins are the mainstay of treatment. Read More

J Am Coll Surg 2014 Jan 14;218(1):119-28. Epub 2013 Sep 14.

Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address:

Ultraschall Med 2012 Dec 15;33(7):E241-E249. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University.

Purpose: To investigate the imaging features of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma on B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Materials And Methods: The B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of 6 intrahepatic biliary cystadenomas and 7 intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinomas were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas were compared.

Results: There were no significant differences between cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas in terms of patient gender, age, lesion location, size, and shape (all p > 0. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011 Nov;197(5):1111-20

Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Objective: Intraductal papillary neoplasm (IPN) of the bile duct is a newly described pathologic entity characterized by the presence of intraluminal tumors, which sometimes produce a large amount of mucin and form a cystic tumor. Cystic IPN of the bile duct is different from biliary cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma in that the former produces intraductal microscopic and macroscopic papillary tumors without ovarian-like stroma, whereas the latter produce a mucin-containing septate cystic tumor without communication with bile duct and with ovarian-like stroma in the cyst wall. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential relationships between cyst-forming IPNs of the bile duct and peribiliary glands and also intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Read More

Liver Int 2011 Oct 13;31(9):1337-44. Epub 2011 Jun 13.

Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & PUMC, Beijing, China

Background: Hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are rare and often misdiagnosed.

Aims: We report our experience with 33 cases over 20 years to discuss an algorithm for these diseases.

Methods: Patients presenting with a diagnosis of hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas were retrospectively reviewed from January 1991 to October 2010. Read More

West Indian Med J 2010 Mar;59(2):226-9

Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.

A 16-year old female presented to hospital with abdominal pain. Features on computed tomography raised the possibility of biliary cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. She underwent a liver resection, and histopathology confirmed a serous biliary cystadenoma. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2011 Jan;17(3):361-5

Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.

Aim: To investigate the eligible management of the cystic neoplasms of the liver.

Methods: The charts of 9 patients who underwent surgery for intrahepatic biliary cystic liver neoplasms between 2003 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Informed consent was obtained from the patients and approval was obtained from the designated review board of the institution. Read More

Ann Pathol 2010 Dec 27;30(6):448-54. Epub 2010 Nov 27.

Service d'anatomie pathologique, groupe hospitalier Paul-Brousse-Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.

Intrahepatic biliary cysts encompass a large lesional spectrum including hereditary diseases as polycystic liver disease or Caroli's syndrome, malformative lesions as non hereditary Caroli's disease or simple biliary cyst and true neoplastic lesions as cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. The diagnostic approach of these lesions relies firstly on imaging. Nevertheless, the pathologist not exceptionally receives surgical specimens from cystic fenestration or liver specimen resection with one or several cystic lesions. Read More

World J Radiol 2009 Dec;1(1):37-44

Hui-Xiong Xu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Center of Guangdong Province for the Study of Diagnostic Ultrasound and Interventional Therapy, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.

Conventional ultrasound (US) is the first-line imaging investigation for biliary diseases. However, it is lack of the ability to depict the microcirculation of some lesions which may lead to failure in diagnosis for some biliary diseases. The use of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) has reached the field of bile duct disease in recent years and promising results have been achieved. Read More

Surg Today 2010 Sep 26;40(9):883-9. Epub 2010 Aug 26.

Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

A 52-year-old woman presented with upper abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a 4-cm well-defined mass containing solid and cystic components in segment IV of the liver, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed heterogeneous enhancement within the tumor, indicating a solid or fibrous component. There were no cystic lesions in any other organs. Read More

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2010 Mar;19(1):77-80

Department of Surgery, Houju Memorial Hospital, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.

Biliary cystic tumors are rare neoplasms occurring in the liver and less frequently in the extrahepatic biliary system. Recently, biliary cystic tumors in the liver are thought to be divided into a biliary mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. We report a case of a large cystic tumor originating around the hepatic hilum which had luminal communication with the bile duct. Read More

Clin Transl Oncol 2010 Mar;12(3):234-7

Medical Oncology Division, Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, 12 Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinomas (BCACs) with mesenchymal stroma are a rare cystic lesion. This tumour needs to be distinguished from benign biliary cystadenoma, which is antecedent in most cases. The treatment of choice is radical excision of the mass. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2009 Sep;15(36):4601-3

Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.

The hemorrhagic simple hepatic cyst is extremely rare and can sometimes be confused with biliary cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. Here we present two cases of huge hemorrhagic simple hepatic cysts. Case 1 was a 43-year-old man with a cystic lesion measuring 13 cm x 12 cm in the right hepatic lobe. Read More

Hepatogastroenterology 2009 May-Jun;56(91-92):844-9

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.

Background/aims: Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma constitute less than 5% of intrahepatic cysts originating from the bile duct. The aims of this study were to characterize the clinical and pathologic aspects of these lesions, and also to discuss the treatment and prognosis of them.

Methodology: We reviewed the clinical records of six patients with intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma and four patients with cystadenocarcinoma who had undergone operation from January, 1990 to January, 2006 at Hanyang University Medical Center. Read More

World J Surg Oncol 2008 Dec 11;6:129. Epub 2008 Dec 11.

Department of Surgery, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital, Komatsushima-City, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

Background: A long-term follow up case of hepatobiliary cystadenoma originating from simple hepatic cyst is rare.

Case Presentation: We report a case of progressive morphologic changes from simple hepatic cyst to hepatobiliary cystadenoma by 11 - year follow up imaging. A 25-year-old man visited our hospital in 1993 for a simple hepatic cyst. Read More

Int Surg 2008 Nov-Dec;93(6):373-6

Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

Biliary cystadenomas are rare cystic tumors. They are typically multilocular lesions containing mucinous fluid. Most reported cases are intrahepatic lesions. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2008 Jun;14(23):3616-20

Biliary cyst tumors (cystadenoma and cystadeno-carcinoma) are an indication for liver resection. They account for only 5% of all solitary cystic lesions of the liver, but differential diagnosis with multiloculated or complicated biliary cysts, atypical hemangiomas, hamartomas and lymphangiomas may be difficult. The most frequent challenge is to differentiate biliary cyst tumors from hemorrhagic cysts. Read More

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2008 Jun;17(2):203-6

Department of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.

We report two cases of hepatobiliary cystadenoma. Case 1. A 58-year-old male presented with dull abdominal pain and recurrent jaundice. Read More

Singapore Med J 2008 May;49(5):392-6

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

Introduction: Biliary cystadenoma (BCA) and biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC) are rare biliary ductal neoplasms of the liver. This study aims to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of these neoplasms and to distinguish between both entities.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings of five patients with proven BCA and seven patients with proven BCAC at our institution from July 2000 to August 2006. Read More

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008 Jan;20(1):10-4

Liver Surgical Unit, Agia Olga Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Background: Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IBC) is a rare liver tumour, which has strong tendency to recur and malignant potential as it can progress to cystadenocarcinoma (IBCa).

Methods: From June 2003 to December 2006, four patients diagnosed with hepatic cystadenoma were operated on our Liver Surgical Unit. All patients were females with median age of 51 years (range 45-63 years). Read More

Clin Transl Oncol 2007 Oct;9(10):678-80

Department of General Surgery. Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona, Spain.

Mucinous biliary cystadenoma (MBC) is a very rare cystic tumour of the liver usually occurring in middleaged women. This condition is difficult to diagnose before surgery; differential diagnosis with hydatid disease of the liver has to be done and is difficult to distinguish from mucinous biliary cystadenocarcinoma. We report two diagnosed and treated cases of intrahepatic MBC. Read More

J Radiol 2007 Jul-Aug;88(7-8 Pt 2):1061-72

Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy.

The high frequency of benign and asymptomatic liver cysts must not underevaluate the potential diagnostic difficulties of liver cystic diseases. Complicated liver cyst or cystic mass of various origin, such as developmental, neoplastic or inflammatory, are important to be recognized by the radiologist. The diagnostic approach is depending on the number of lesions and their dissemination. Read More

Abdom Imaging 2007 Sep-Oct;32(5):644-51

Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.

Purpose: To identify differential findings of biliary cystic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) and biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma on CT images.

Materials And Methods: Records of 7 patients with biliary cystic IPMT and 17 patients with biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma were accessed. A pathologist reviewed gross morphologic and microscopic findings and confirmed the diagnosis. Read More

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007 Apr;19(4):333-6

University Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

Inflammatory pseudotumour is a rare form of a liver mass. We report the case of a 28-year-old man presenting with obstructive jaundice, in whom an inflammatory pseudotumour arose with the resolution of a mucus secreting cystic liver lesion. The initial features suggested an intrahepatic cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma, which on its involution left a solid mass. Read More

Clin Imaging 2007 Jan-Feb;31(1):50-3

Department of Radiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.

Multiple bile duct hamartomas [von Meyenburg complex (VMC)] are benign liver malformations that include biliary cystic lesions, with congenital hepatic fibrosis being the cause of ductal plate malformations. This rare entity is usually isolated and detected incidentally in 0.6-5. Read More

Gastrointest Endosc 2006 Nov;64(5):697-702

Pancreatic Biliary Center, St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215, USA.

Background: Accurate assessment of pancreatic cystic neoplasms is imperative before selecting available treatment options, such as surgical resection, drainage, or conservative therapy. Available modalities, CT and magnetic resonance imaging, have been inconsistent in diagnosis. Reports involving EUS and cyst fluid analysis have been encouraging, including studies of EUS features and/or cyst fluid analysis, which may differentiate pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2006 Oct;12(37):6062-9

1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Biliary cystadenomas are rare, cystic neoplasms of the biliary ductal system that usually occur in middle-aged women. They cannot be safely differentiated from cystadenocarcinomas before operation and should always be considered for resection. Cystadenomas have a strong tendency to recur, particularly following incomplete excision, and a potential of malignant transformation. Read More

World J Surg 2006 Aug;30(8):1560-6

Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Introduction: Biliary cystadenomas are complicated cystic lesions of the liver. They are rare and pose considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Methods: We present our experience managing these lesions by performing a retrospective review of all patients with a preoperative diagnosis of or histologically proven biliary cystadenoma who underwent surgery between January 1995 and January 2005 at our institution. Read More

Korean J Gastroenterol 2006 May;47(5):379-85

Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background/aims: Biliary cystadenoma (BCA) and biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCACa) are rare cystic neoplasms that usually arise from the liver. We reviewed the clinicopathologic and radiologic findings of 13 cases of intrahepatic biliary cystic neoplasms.

Methods: Seven patients with BCA and 6 patients with BCACa which were pathologically proven within past 10 years were included in this retrospective study. Read More

Korean J Gastroenterol 2006 Jan;47(1):5-14

Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Deagu, Korea.

Biliary cystic tumors, such as cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, are rare cystic tumors of liver accounting for fewer than 5% of all intrahepatic cysts of biliary origin. Most biliary cystic tumors arise from intrahepatic bile duct and 10-20% arise from extrahepatic bile duct like common hepatic duct, common bile duct, and gallbladder. The first case report of biliary cystic neoplasm in Korea dated back to 1975 by Bae et al, and over 40 cases of cystadenoma and 35 cases of cystadenocarcinoma were reported since then. Read More

Eur Radiol 2006 Feb 28;16(2):407-13. Epub 2005 Jun 28.

Department of Radiology, Saint-Antoine University-Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) features were analyzed in the diagnosis of seven surgically resected hepatobiliary cystic tumors with reference to histopathological data. Homogeneity, size, location, signal intensity, presence or absence of septa and/or nodules and MRCP features of the lesions were studied. Histological evidence demonstrated six biliary cystadenoma (BCA) including four pseudo-ovarian stroma (POS) and one biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC). Read More

Ann Surg 2005 May;241(5):769-73; discussion 773-5

Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-5545, USA.

Objective: Evaluate experience over 15 years with treatment of this lesion.

Summary Background Data: Biliary cystadenoma, a benign hepatic tumor arising from Von Meyenberg complexes, usually present as septated intrahepatic cystic lesions.

Methods: Data were collected concurrently and retrospectively on patients identified from hospital medical records reviewed for pertinent International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and CPT codes, pathology logs, and from operative case logs. Read More

J Am Coll Surg 2005 May;200(5):727-33

Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Background: Biliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas comprise 5% of cystic lesions in the liver. Cystadenomas are often incorrectly diagnosed as simple cysts, which results in inadequate therapy. Recurrence and possible malignant transformation are consequences of incomplete excision. Read More

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2004 Nov-Dec;33(6):254-68

River Oaks Imaging and Diagnostics, Houston, TX, USA.

Malignant primary and metastatic lesions of the liver have a myriad of imaging appearances. Discriminating between the various lesions requires an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and imaging characteristics that lead to their malignant appearances. A pattern approach of recognition by imaging with understanding of why particular lesions behave the way they do on sonography, CT, MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy can be developed. Read More

Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2004 Apr;20(4):198-203

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.

Biliary cystadenocarcinoma and its benign counterpart, biliary cystadenoma, are rare hepatic cystic tumors arising from the hepatobiliary epithelium. We report the case of a 68-year-old Taiwanese woman who presented initially with acute cholangitis. A series of imaging studies including abdominal ultrasound, computerized tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed bilateral intrahepatic duct (IHD) and common bile duct (CBD) stones with IHD and CBD dilatation, and an ill-defined tumor within the atrophied left hepatic lobe. Read More

Pathol Int 2003 Nov;53(11):790-5

Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Municipal Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.

Hepatobiliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the gall bladder have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and jaundice. Imaging techniques revealed hemobilia and a multilocular cystic tumor in the fundus of the gall bladder, and cholecystectomy was performed. Read More

J Gastroenterol 2003 ;38(8):759-64

Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.

Background: The clinicopathologic features of cystic neoplasms of the liver, such as cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, are poorly defined because these lesions are extremely rare.

Methods: Clinicopathologic findings in six patients who underwent surgery for a cystic hepatic neoplasm were reviewed retrospectively to determine the best surgical strategy to treat this condition.

Results: Five patients had a multilocular cyst or elevated lesions detected on preoperative imaging studies. Read More

J Gastroenterol 2003 ;38(6):593-7

Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Gotsu General Hospital, Shimane, Japan.

Hepatobiliary cystadenoma was suggested to be uncommon and it is often difficult to make a differential diagnosis. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with changes in the structure of a cyst that had been observed for the previous 10 years. Diagnostic imaging revealed a 7-cm-diameter cystic lesion with internal septations and papillary projections in her liver. Read More