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Physiother Theory Pract 2018 Jun 22:1-11. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

a Physical Therapy Program , University of Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA.

Objectives: To describe the outcomes of 10 patients with chronic biceps tendinopathy treated by physical therapy with the novel approach of dry needling (DN), eccentric-concentric exercise (ECE), and stretching of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT).

Methods: Ten individuals reporting chronic anterior shoulder symptoms (> 3 months), pain with palpation of the LHBT, and positive results on a combination of tests including active shoulder flexion, Speed's, Hawkins Kennedy, Neer, and Yergason's tests participated in this case series. Validated self-reported outcome measures including the mean numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) were taken at baseline. Read More

Prim Care 2018 Jun;45(2):289-303

Rheumatology Fellowship, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium (SAUSHEC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA.

Soft tissue musculoskeletal pain disorders are common in the primary care setting. Early recognition and diagnosis of these syndromes minimizes patient pain and disability. This article gives a brief overview of the most common soft tissue musculoskeletal pain syndromes. Read More

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018 Jul/Aug;54(4):226-230. Epub 2018 May 14.

From the Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.

A 4 mo old German shepherd dog was presented following an acute onset lameness and swelling of the thoracic limb. Clinical signs, surgical findings, and culture results were consistent with a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. Initial management consisted of extensive surgical debridement, wound lavage, and bandaging. Read More

Pain Med 2019 Jan;20(1):138-142

Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objective: Long head biceps tendon peritendinous or sheath injections are routinely administered at or immediately distally to the bicipital groove. The main indication for injection remains the clinical diagnosis or treatment of biceps tendinopathy, although true inflammation of the tendon within the bicipital groove is rare. Because the tendon sheath is merely an extension of the joint cavity, it is plausible to assume that an injection into the sheath would result in intraarticular spread. Read More

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018 04 12;99(4):615-622. Epub 2018 Jan 12.

Division of Sports Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.

Objectives: To determine (1) agreement of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) findings of shoulder pathology and related shoulder special test results in individuals with varied durations of manual wheelchair (MWC) use after spinal cord injury (SCI); and (2) whether shoulder musculoskeletal impairments, per MSK-US and clinical examination, differed in individuals with SCI and varying durations of MWC use.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Laboratory setting. Read More

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2018 24;77(2):378-385. Epub 2017 Oct 24.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Multidisciplinary Hospital Inowrocław, Poland.

Background: Tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBT) is one of the most common, painful conditions of the anterior part of the shoulder and often coexists with rotator cuff tears. Multifactorial aetiopathology of tendi-nopathy is poorly understood; however, several studies indicated that it is seen predominantly in areas with decreased vascularity of the tissue; the pathology is also characterised by expansive and abundant neovascular in-growth. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the neovascularisation of proximal part of the LHBT and pain along the bicipital groove. Read More

Int Orthop 2018 06 25;42(6):1347-1355. Epub 2017 Aug 25.

Université François Rabelais de Tours - Faculté de Médecine de Tours - CHRU Trousseau Service d'Orthopédie Traumatologie, 1C Avenue de la République, 37170, Chambray-les-Tours, France.

Introduction: The goal of this prospective study was to assess the reliability of pre-operative cross-sectional imaging for the diagnosis of long head of biceps (LHB) tendinopathy in patients with a rotator cuff tear.

Methods: Cross-sectional imaging with MRI or CT arthrography data from 25 patients operated upon because of a rotator cuff tear between 1 October 2015 and 1 April 2016 was analysed by one experienced orthopaedic surgeon, one experienced radiologist and one orthopaedic resident. The analysis consisted of determining whether the LHB was present, the extrinsic tendon abnormalities (dislocation, tendon coverage) and intrinsic abnormalities (fraying, inflammation, degeneration). Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017 Aug 27;26(8):1416-1422. Epub 2017 Mar 27.

Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Arthroscopic examination of the tendon has been described as the "gold standard" for diagnosis of tendinitis of the long head of the biceps (LHB). An arthroscopic finding of an inflamed and hyperemic LHB within the bicipital groove has been described as the "lipstick sign." Studies evaluating direct visualization in diagnosis of LHB tendinitis are lacking. Read More

Sci Rep 2016 12 12;6:38943. Epub 2016 Dec 12.

Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.

Bicipital peritendinous effusion (BPE) is the most common biceps tendon abnormality and can be related to various shoulder ultrasonographic findings. Since the association of BPE with subacromial impingement is unclear, our study aimed to explore its association with the dynamic subacromial impingement test during ultrasound (US) imaging. We included 337 shoulders referred for US examinations and quantified the amount of BPE. Read More

Mil Med Res 2016 15;3:34. Epub 2016 Nov 15.

Department of Radiology, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Upper limb amputations are one of the unpleasant war injuries that armed forces are exposed to frequently. The present study aimed to assess the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems in Iraq-Iran war veterans with bilateral upper extremity amputation.

Methods: The study consisted of taking a history and clinical examinations including demographic data, presence and location of pain, level of amputation, passive and active ranges of movement of the joints across the upper and lower extremities and spine, manual palpation, neurological examination, blood circulation pulses and issues related to a prosthetic limb. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017 Jul 15;25(7):2114-2120. Epub 2016 Nov 15.

Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Rue J.-D. Maillard 3, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between long head of the biceps brachii (LHBT) lesions and subscapularis tears. The hypothesis was that a bicipital pulley might remain intact, even in the case of a subscapularis tear.

Methods: Between 2010 and 2011, all patients who had a primary arthroscopic repair of a subscapularis tear were potentially included in this prospective study. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Jul 1;10(7):AC01-3. Epub 2016 Jul 1.

Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute , Porur, Chennai, India .

Introduction: The Bicipital Groove (BG) is an indentation between the lesser and greater tubercles of the proximal part of the humerus. It conveys biceps tendon, its synovial sheath and ascending branch of anterior circumflex humeral artery. The knowledge of the morphometry is important for the understanding of the functional aspect of the shoulder region. Read More

J Can Chiropr Assoc 2016 Jun;60(2):175-81

Elite Sport Performance, Calgary, Alberta.

Objective: To present the assessment and conservative management of chronic shoulder pain in the presence of a humeral avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) lesion in an active individual.

Clinical Features: A 47 year-old female office-worker with constant, deep, right shoulder pain with occasional clicking and catching claimed to have "tore something" in her right shoulder five years ago while performing reverse bicep curls. A physical exam led to differential diagnoses of a Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) lesion, Bankart lesion, and bicipital tendinopathy. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016 Sep 31;98(7):e126-9. Epub 2016 May 31.

University Hospital of South Manchester , UK.

Introduction Lipoma arborescens is a rare condition of the synovial lining. It is particularly uncommon in the bicipitoradial bursae of the elbow. Case Report A 68-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of anterior elbow pain and swelling causing discomfort. Read More

Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2016 Feb;45(2):68-74

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.

Biceps tenodesis is a common procedure performed for tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps brachii (LHB). Indications include partial-thickness LHB tear, tendon subluxation with or without subscapularis tear, and failed conservative management of bicipital tenosynovitis. Biceps tenodesis may also be performed for superior labrum anterior to posterior tears. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2016 Mar;95(3):161-8

From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Chu-Tung Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C-YH); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan (K-VC); Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey (LÖ); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (T-GW, W-SC).

Objective: The purposes of this study were to determine the best cutoff value for bicipital peritendinous effusion (BPE) and to test its diagnostic performance as regards shoulders with and without rotator cuff pathology.

Design: We reviewed the sonographic reports of 1352 patients with suspected shoulder disorders between January 2011 and June 2012. The associations between BPE and rotator cuff abnormalities were explored by logistic regression and adjusted for age, sex, affected side, and clinical diagnosis of frozen shoulder. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016 Dec 15;24(12):3765-3771. Epub 2015 May 15.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose: The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare clinical outcomes of tenotomy and tenodesis in the surgical treatment of long head of the biceps brachii (LHB).

Methods: A literature search was conducted in Embase and PubMed from 2000 to April 2014. All studies comparing the clinical outcomes between LHB tenotomy and tenodesis were included. Read More

Open Access J Sports Med 2015 10;6:63-70. Epub 2015 Mar 10.

The Cleveland Shoulder Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Background: Bicipital tendinitis is a common cause of anterior shoulder pain, but there is no evidence that acute inflammation of the extra-articular long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon is the root cause of this condition. We evaluated the histologic findings of the extra-articular portion of the LHB tendon and synovial sheath in order to compare those findings to known histologic changes seen in other tendinopathies.

Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients (mean age 45. Read More

Orthopedics 2015 Jan;38(1):e48-53

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing subpectoral biceps tenodesis for bicipital tendonitis with a superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tear. Patients undergoing primary subpectoral biceps tenodesis for arthroscopically confirmed SLAP tears with signs or findings of bicipital tendonitis were included. An independent observer collected data prospectively as part of a data repository, which was then analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Orthopedics 2015 Jan;38(1):37-41

Long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon pathology is a common cause of pain in the shoulder. Pathology encountered includes biceps tendon tears and tendonitis, biceps anchor or superior labral tears, and biceps subluxation or instability. Current surgical treatment options for LHB disorders include tenotomy and tenodesis. Read More

Am J Sports Med 2015 Mar 12;43(3):570-8. Epub 2014 Dec 12.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Background: Tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon has become a popular surgical treatment option for patients with pain or instability attributed to a diseased or unstable biceps tendon. No previous studies have characterized the practice patterns of surgeons performing biceps tenodesis in the United States.

Purpose: To investigate current trends in both arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis across time, sex, age, and region of the United States as well as associated charges. Read More

Am J Sports Med 2015 Jan 30;43(1):63-8. Epub 2014 Oct 30.

Shoulder & Elbow Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

Background: In biceps tenodesis for intra-articular tears, determining the distal extension of the lesions through the biceps groove is important in choosing the optimal tenodesis site.

Purpose: To determine the optimal tenodesis site by analyzing the extension and delamination of an extra-articular lesion, or a "hidden lesion," in the retrieved biceps after subpectoral biceps tenodesis.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Read More

Arthroscopy 2014 Aug 25;30(8):942-6. Epub 2014 May 25.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York, U.S.A.

Purpose: The long head of the biceps can develop tendonitis and tendinosis, which can lead to pain in the bicipital groove. The use of bicortical button fixation allows for a smaller defect in the humerus compared with tenodesis screws, reducing the risk of fracture. Our objective is to evaluate the exit location of our bicortical button and its relation to relevant posterior nervous structures. Read More

Orthop J Sports Med 2014 Feb 19;2(2):2325967114522198. Epub 2014 Feb 19.

Doctors Hospital of Columbus, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Purpose: To (1) better define the anatomy of the proximal shoulder in relation to the long head of the biceps tendon, (2) compare the length-tension relationship of the biceps tendon in the native shoulder with that after arthroscopic and open tenodesis techniques using interference screws, and (3) provide surgical recommendations for both procedures based on study findings.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods: Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were dissected for analysis. Read More

Ultrasound Med Biol 2014 Feb 7;40(2):313-21. Epub 2013 Dec 7.

Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Bicipital peritendinous effusion (BPE), a common ultrasonographic finding of the long head of the biceps tendon, may be associated with shoulder joint derangement, but supporting evidence from large-scale studies is lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the strength of the association between BPE and sonographic abnormalities of the shoulder joint. We reviewed the sonographic reports of patients with suspected shoulder disorders investigated ultrasonographically between January 2011 and January 2012. Read More

J Surg Orthop Adv 2013 ;22(3):245-8

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

This case report identifies a 41-year-old male patient who developed anterior shoulder pain in the setting of humeral head osteonecrosis. As a consequence of the cartilage degeneration, multiple loose bodies formed and migrated into the bicipital tendon sheath, causing attrition tendinitis, which was a feature of the clinical presentation. The patient was treated by a combination of arthroscopic glenohumeral joint debridement and open tenodesis of the biceps using a suture anchor. Read More

Am J Sports Med 2013 Dec 20;41(12):2919-24. Epub 2013 Sep 20.

Marc Tompkins, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Suite R200, Minneapolis, MN 55454.

Background: Arthroscopic suprapectoral and open subpectoral surgical techniques are both commonly utilized approaches for proximal biceps tenodesis of the long head of the biceps brachii. A central limitation to the widespread use of an arthroscopic approach for biceps tenodesis is that the tendon may be tenodesed too proximally in the bicipital groove, leading to persistent pain and tendinopathy. Purpose/

Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo tenodesis location using arthroscopic suprapectoral and open subpectoral techniques for proximal biceps tenodesis in relation to clinically pertinent anatomic and radiographic landmarks. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2014 Feb 12;22(2):462-6. Epub 2013 Feb 12.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave S #R200, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.

Purpose: Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis surgery is an important procedure for the correction of biceps tendonitis or in conjunction with rotator cuff repair with biceps symptoms. Recent trends have developed in placing the biceps tendon lower in the bicipital groove for a tenodesis. However, a more distal biceps tenodesis location is technically challenging when carried out arthroscopically with standard posterior and lateral portals. Read More

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012 Nov-Dec;48(6):405-10. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pampa Federal University, Uruguaiana, Brazil.

Supraspinatus calcifying tendinosis is an uncommon finding in dogs. Although its radiographic appearance has been described previously, radiographs alone do not provide detailed information about the tendon parenchyma. Tendon ultrasonography has been widely applied for the diagnosis of human tendinosis, but it remains underused in dogs. Read More

Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2012 Apr 10;2(2):133-6. Epub 2012 Sep 10.

Orthopaedic Clinic, Padua University, Italy.

Purpose: simple tenotomy in the treatment of long head biceps (LHB) lesion offers good results, as well as tenotomy/tenodesis.

Materials And Methods: we prospectively evaluated 252 patients, divided into 3 groups, treated with rotator cuff repair associated with LHB tenotomy or 2 different types of tenodesis in cases where there had been a partial lesion of the LHB or instability of the bicipital groove. We ascertained whether there was residual pain and the presence of the "Popeye sign" in the post-operative stage. Read More

Ultrasound Med Biol 2012 May 16;38(5):727-35. Epub 2012 Mar 16.

Orthopaedic Department, Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China.

Long bicipital tenosynovitis is regarded as one of the common causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction. The traditional therapeutic approach includes a variety of conservative treatments, but these treatments are not substantiated, owing to the lack of proven clinical efficacy. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) uses a pneumatically generated and radially propagating low-energy pressure pulse and has been clinically shown to be a new alternative form of treating refractory soft tissue inflammation. Read More

Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2012 ;18(1):77-8

Principle Investigator, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Hospital , Washington, DC.

The purpose of study is to explore the efficacy and safety of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the nonoperative management of shoulder tendinopathy amongst individuals with spinal cord injury. This objective was met by completing a pilot study on the effectiveness and safety of a PRP injection into the biceps tendon demonstrating clinical and ultrasonagraphic pathology. Recent analysis of the preliminary pilot data has demonstrated remarkably convincing results demonstrating both the safety and efficacy of this novel intervention. Read More

Ultrasound Med Biol 2011 Sep 20;37(9):1392-8. Epub 2011 Jul 20.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Provocative tests are useful in diagnosing biceps tendon tendinitis. This is the first study to establish the reliability of these tests by comparing the resuts with musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) findings. This study examined 125 patients (69 women and 56 men) and 143 shoulders with shoulder pain. Read More

PM R 2011 Nov 25;3(11):1035-40. Epub 2011 Jun 25.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of palpating the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) within the intertubercular groove with the use of ultrasonographic localization as a gold standard.

Design: Prospective, single-blinded pilot study.

Setting: Sports medicine clinic at a tertiary care academic institution. Read More

Radiographics 2011 May-Jun;31(3):791-810

Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan.

The biceps pulley or "sling" is a capsuloligamentous complex that acts to stabilize the long head of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove. The pulley complex is composed of the superior glenohumeral ligament, the coracohumeral ligament, and the distal attachment of the subscapularis tendon, and is located within the rotator interval between the anterior edge of the supraspinatus tendon and the superior edge of the subscapularis tendon. Because of its superior depiction of the capsular components, direct magnetic resonance arthrography is the imaging modality of choice for demonstrating both the normal anatomy and associated lesions of the biceps pulley. Read More

J Rheumatol Suppl 2011 Jan;86:15-20

Unidad de Investigación Médica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, México.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of rheumatic regional pain syndromes (RRPS) in 3 geographical areas of México using the Community Oriented Program in the Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) screening methodology and validate by expert consensus on case-based definitions.

Methods: By means of an address-based sample generated through a multistage, stratified, randomized method, a cross-sectional survey was performed on adult residents (n = 12,686; age 43.6 ± 17. Read More

Pain Pract 2011 Jul-Aug;11(4):392-6. Epub 2010 Nov 28.

Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Background: The management of bicipital tendonitis can be challenging to the clinician. Traditionally, blind injections near the bicipital groove have been performed by clinicians with risk of bicipital tendon rupture or atrophy. Because of the inaccuracy and risk associated with blind bicipital tendon steroid injections, we sought to ascertain whether a fluoroscopically guided steroid injection into the region of the origin of the long head of the bicipital tendon (supraglenoid tubercle) was efficacious. Read More

Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011 Apr;469(4):1050-5

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Background: The best location for biceps tenodesis is controversial as surgeons have begun to question whether tenodesis location affects the incidence of residual bicipital postoperative pain. An open distal tenodesis technique has been previously proposed to eliminate remaining symptoms at the bicipital groove.

Questions/purposes: We asked the following questions: (1) Does a higher tenodesis in the biceps groove result in postoperative pain? And (2) can the tenodesis location be successfully moved more distally ("suprapectoral tenodesis") by an arthroscopic technique?

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 17 patients undergoing arthroscopic biceps tenodesis and evaluated their tenodesis location, either within the upper half of the groove (five) or in the lower half of the groove or shaft (12). Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011 Mar 4;20(2):326-32. Epub 2010 Nov 4.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3835, USA.

Hypothesis: There are significant differences in incidence of cosmetic deformity and load to tendon failure between biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis for the treatment of long head of the biceps brachii (LHB) tendon lesions which are supported by the evidence-based strengths and weaknesses of each procedure in the literature.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for eligible clinical and biomechanical articles relating to biceps tenotomy or tenodesis from 1966 to 2010. Keywords were biceps tenotomy, biceps tenodesis, long head of the biceps brachii, and Popeye sign. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010 Sep;19(6):790-4

3B Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Background: Multiple authors have debated the contribution of intertubercular groove morphology to biceps tendon pathology. It has been proposed that the shallow groove, combined with the supertubercular ridge of Meyer, predisposes patients to bicipital disease. In this study we hypothesized that there would be a correlation between bicipital groove morphology and the intraoperative finding of biceps pathology. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010 Jul 14;19(5):764-8. Epub 2010 May 14.

Section of Shoulder & Elbow Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: Tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon is a common procedure used to alleviate pain caused by instability or inflammation of the tendon. The purpose of this study is to report on the incidence and types of complications following an open subpectoral biceps tenodesis (OBT) procedure.

Hypothesis: Our hypothesis was that the rate of adverse events after OBT was low. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2010 Sep 1;39(9):915-20. Epub 2010 Mar 1.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Background: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a simple overlay device can be used on radiographs to measure radial head and neck height.

Materials And Methods: Thirty anteroposterior elbow radiographs from 30 patients with a clinical diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis were examined to measure radial head and neck height. Three methods using different points along the bicipital tuberosity as a landmark were used. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2009 Sep;80(5):470-6

St. Luke's Hospital/The University of Toledo, Family Medicine Residency Program, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA.

Biceps tendinitis is inflammation of the tendon around the long head of the biceps muscle. Biceps tendinosis is caused by degeneration of the tendon from athletics requiring overhead motion or from the normal aging process. Inflammation of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove, which is known as primary biceps tendinitis, occurs in 5 percent of patients with biceps tendinitis. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2009 Oct 16;38(10):959-65. Epub 2009 Jun 16.

Department of Radiology, UVA Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to depict a subset of focal partial tears of the biceps brachii tendon, occurring at the entrance to the bicipital groove, which can be difficult to detect with MRI.

Subjects And Methods: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study; informed consent was waived. The authors retrospectively reviewed imaging and medical records in 16 consecutive patients (12 men, 4 women; mean age, 57 years) who had prospective MRI diagnoses of tendinopathy and/or partial tearing of the intra-articular segment of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBT) at the entrance to the bicipital groove (restricted to within 1 cm of the groove entrance) and who also had surgical correlation within 4 months of imaging. Read More

Compend Contin Educ Vet 2008 Oct;30(10):E8

Veterinary Specialist Group, Auckland, New Zealand.

Bicipital tenosynovitis is a common cause of forelimb lameness in dogs. It typically occurs in medium-sized or large, middle-aged or older animals. A history of chronic, progressive or intermittent, moderate to severe weight-bearing lameness that is exacerbated by exercise is often reported, and in most instances, an inciting cause is not identified. Read More

Arthroscopy 2008 Feb 8;24(2):217-23. Epub 2007 Nov 8.

Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate clinical and functional outcome in a cohort of patients who underwent transfer of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT).

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with biceps pathology or instability underwent an arthroscopic assisted or all arthroscopic transfer LHBT as either an isolated procedure or part of another shoulder procedure by the senior author. The procedure was performed using a new arthroscopic subdeltoid technique. Read More

Acta Orthop Belg 2007 Aug;73(4):437-42

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA.

A retrospective review of 64 patients (M 36, F 28, average age 55 years) with 29 two-part fractures and 35 three-part fractures of the proximal humerus was conducted at a Level 1 Trauma Center. All fractures were managed with the mini external fixator. Open reduction was performed in 11 cases, closed reduction in 53. Read More

J Anat 2007 Oct 15;211(4):485-92. Epub 2007 Aug 15.

Department of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Rotator cuff disease represents the most common cause of modern shoulder pain and disability. Much of the clinical literature on rotator cuff disease focuses on subacromial impingement and supraspinatus tendinopathy, although other patterns of lesions are also recognised. Rotator cuff disease has received relatively little attention in palaeopathological literature, but signs relating to subacromial impingement have been reported. Read More