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Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021 24;12:2040622321990262. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Hacettepe Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between smoking, the extent of the degeneration process in the biceps tendinopathy, including cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, and long-term surgical results.

Methods: This study comprised 40 consecutive patients admitted for shoulder arthroscopy due to symptomatic biceps tendinopathy and classified into three groups based on smoking status: active smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers. According to the classical Bonar score criteria, the histopathologic evaluation of the harvested intra-articular portion of the tendon was done. Read More

Open Vet J 2021 Jan 22;10(4):457-464. Epub 2020 Dec 22.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 11877 85th St NW, Calgary, Alberta, T3R 1J3, Canada.

Background: Bicipital tendinitis and/or tendinopathy is a common cause of forelimb lameness in dogs, particularly in larger and more active patients. Although conservative treatment aimed at resolving discomfort and preserving the tendon remains the primary therapeutic goal, in certain cases it is necessary to surgically transect the tendon to eliminate pain and lameness. Transection of the tendon can be performed by open arthrotomy, arthroscopically, or percutaneously using a scalpel blade. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 Feb 5;10(4). Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Department of Orthopaedics, Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, 87-100 Torun, Poland.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of smoking and functional outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of complex shoulder injuries: rotator cuff tears (RCTs) with biceps tendon (LHBT) tears. This retrospective case-control study has been conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy between 2015 and 2017 due to complex injury treatment. The outcomes were assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score, need for non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) consumption and the visual analog scale (VAS). Read More

Orthop J Sports Med 2021 Jan 21;9(1):2325967120977538. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: Lesions of the long head of the biceps can be successfully treated with biceps tenotomy or tenodesis when surgical management is elected. The advantage of a tenodesis is that it prevents the potential development of a cosmetic deformity or cramping muscle pain. Proponents of a subpectoral tenodesis believe that "groove pain" may remain a problem after suprapectoral tenodesis as a result of persistent motion of the tendon within the bicipital groove. Read More

Phys Ther Sport 2021 May 28;49:15-20. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objective: Systematic review investigated efficacy of conservative therapy on pain and function in people with tendinopathy-related shoulder pain.

Methods: Searches were conducted on six databases. All randomized controlled trials investigating efficacy of any conservative therapy on pain and function in people with tendinopathy-related shoulder pain were included. Read More

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021 Jan 23. Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Wrightington Hospital Upper Limb Unit, Wrightington Hospital, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Hall Ln, Appley Bridge, Wigan, WN6 9EP, UK.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographics, complications and prodromal symptoms (any pain or unpleasant sensation in the area distal biceps tendon preceding the injury) of distal biceps tendon tears (DBTTs) of patients treated with primary repair or Achilles allograft reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: 228 consecutive DBTTs in 226 patients from a single centre were evaluated. The demographic data, prodromal symptoms and postoperative adverse events were documented. Read More

J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020 Jul 29;5(3). Epub 2020 Jul 29.

Department of Health Human Function and Rehabilitation Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20006, USA.

Background And Purpose: Distal biceps brachii tendinopathy is an uncommon diagnosis. Various exercise prescriptions have demonstrated efficacy in the management of tendinopathy, although studies frequently focus on the effects of a specific type of muscular contraction (i.e. Read More

Acta Orthop Belg 2020 Jun;86(2):262-271

Overuse injuries of the knee are a common cause of missed training and competition days in elite cyclists, however the underlying conditions causing this knee pain are not well defined. We conducted a diagnostic study, investigating a consecutive series of 53 high level cyclists with non-traumatic knee pain over a 14 month period. Demographic data on the participants' cycling specialty and training level was noted. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Dec 31;57(1). Epub 2020 Dec 31.

Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.

The long head of the biceps (LHB) and rotator cuff tendinopathy is the major cause of shoulder pain in competitive swimmers. The risk of tendinopathy increases with aging; however, the structural changes of LHB and rotator cuff in populations of masters swimmers have not been well examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ultrasonographic abnormalities of the shoulders in masters swimmers, and the association of pain, age, and swim training with structural changes in this population. Read More

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2021 Feb 14;107(1):102747. Epub 2020 Dec 14.

Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal; Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal.

Background: The etiology and relevance of long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology is debated. As it can have important therapeutic consequences and physical examination can be misleading, various morphologic parameters have been described to try to predict it.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that bicipital groove cross-sectional area (CSA), as assessed by ultrasonography, could be related to intra-articular tendon pathology. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Dec 4;9(12). Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Citomed Healthcare Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Orvit Clinic, Sklodowskiej 73, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.

The study aimed to evaluate the results after arthroscopic tenodesis and tenotomy of the biceps tendon (LHBT), coupled in tenotomy modality with a personalized postoperative rehabilitation protocol. The study included patients who underwent arthroscopic biceps tenotomy or tenodesis due to chronic biceps tendinopathy. Postoperatively, a standard rehabilitation program was prescribed to the tenodesis group and personalized was introduced in the tenotomy group, respectively. Read More

J Spinal Cord Med 2020 Nov 9:1-11. Epub 2020 Nov 9.

Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

To investigate the prevalence of rotator cuff and long head of the biceps pathologies in manual wheelchair (MWC) users with spinal cord injury (SCI). Cross-sectional study. Outpatient clinic at a tertiary medical center. Read More

Radiol Med 2021 Apr 5;126(4):608-619. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unità Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.

Rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (RCCT) is a very common condition, characterized by calcium deposition over fibrocartilaginous metaplasia of tenocytes, mainly occurring in the supraspinatus tendon. RCCT has a typical imaging presentation: in most cases, calcific deposits appear as a dense opacity around the humeral head on conventional radiography, as hyperechoic foci with or without acoustic shadow at ultrasound and as a signal void at magnetic resonance imaging. However, radiologists have to keep in mind the possible unusual presentations of RCCT and the key imaging features to correctly differentiate RCCT from other RC conditions, such as calcific enthesopathy or RC tears. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2020 Dec 24;133:109374. Epub 2020 Oct 24.

Ankara University Medical Faculty Department of Radiology, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ibni Sina Hospital, Department of Radiology, 4th Floor, Sıhhiye-Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address:

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between aponeurotic expansion of supraspinatus tendon and disorders of biceps brachii long head (LHB), supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons.

Methods: Images of 3.0 T shoulder magnetic resonance images (MRI) of a total of 154 patients and 157 shoulders (3 cases with bilateral imaging) between the ages of 18-45 were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of aponeurotic expansion. Read More

Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020 7;11:2040622320956418. Epub 2020 Oct 7.

Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Hacettepe Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether smoking is associated with neovascularization in the tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT).

Methods: The study included 40 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic biceps tenotomy/tenodesis due to chronic biceps tendinopathy and divided into three groups: (1) non-smokers, (2) former smokers, (3) smokers. LHBT tissue samples were stained with H&E, Alcian blue and Trichrome staining. Read More

Pol J Radiol 2020 21;85:e440-e460. Epub 2020 Aug 21.

Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.

Elbow pain can cause disability, especially in athletes, and is a common clinical complaint for both the general practitioner and the orthopaedic surgeon. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent tool for the evaluation of joint pathology due to its high sensitivity as a result of high contrast resolution for soft tissues. This article aims to describe the normal imaging anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow, the most commonly used MRI protocols and techniques, and common MRI findings related to tendinopathy, ligamentous and osteochondral injuries, and instability of the elbow. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021 01 19;30(1):e36-e37. Epub 2020 Sep 19.

Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021 01 19;30(1):e34-e35. Epub 2020 Sep 19.

Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China. Electronic address:

J Sport Health Sci 2020 Aug 11. Epub 2020 Aug 11.

Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00100 Rome, Italy.

Background: Tenodesis of the long head of the biceps (LHB) is commonly undertaken during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. We assessed the clinical and structural outcomes after high arthroscopic tenodesis (HAT) or mini-open subpectoral tenodesis (ST). We hypothesized that the clinical and structural results after HAT and ST are similar. Read More

Arthrosc Tech 2020 Jul 18;9(7):e959-e963. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A.

The long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon is a common source of shoulder pain. LHB tendon pathology typically occurs with concomitant rotator cuff or labrum injuries but can occasionally occur in isolation as biceps tendinopathy or rupture. Tenodesis has been increasingly used to treat LHB tendon pathology, and numerous techniques have been developed that vary in approach, fixation construct, and fixation location. Read More

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2020 Jun 27;55(3):329-338. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro de Traumatologia do Esporte (CETE), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

 To identify the clinical, radiological, and arthroscopic correlation of long head of the biceps tendon injuries and their influence on pain when associated with rotator cuff injuries.  Between April and December 2013, 50 patients were evaluated, including 38 (76%) women and 12 (24%) men, with a mean age of 65.1 years old. Read More

Acta Biomed 2020 05 30;91(4-S):69-78. Epub 2020 May 30.

Ortopedia e traumatologia Ospedale M. Bufalini, Cesena (FC).

Background And Aim Of The Work: The long head of biceps (LHB) is one of the tendons of the rotator cuff that runs strictly close to the humeral head. In case of pathology, it can be responsible for pain and shoulder impairment: in such cases, surgical options include tenotomy or tenodesis. The management of LHB along with surgery of the rotator cuff or during shoulder prosthetic replacement has been widely discussed in the literature. Read More

Arthrosc Tech 2020 May 10;9(5):e611-e615. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Proximal tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps (LHB) is a common shoulder problem that requires surgical intervention, especially in patients with concomitant rotator cuff tears. The comparative results of biceps tenotomy and biceps tenodesis are still doubtful; both techniques show good to excellent results in terms of postoperative pain and functional outcomes. The described technique-all-arthroscopic LHB transfer-is an optional biceps tenodesis technique using all-arthroscopic soft-tissue tenodesis and arthroscopic suturing of the LHB to the short head of the biceps and coracoacromial ligament combined with release of the LHB from the bicipital groove. Read More

Radiologe 2020 Nov;60(11):1069-1076

MVZ am RKK, 28199, Bremen, Deutschland.

Objective: The goal of this article is the radiological visualization of the often very difficult pathoanatomical changes associated with calcifying tendinitis, which in rare cases may erode and ultimately invade the bone.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the diagnostic reliability of radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in 11 patients with calcifying tendinitis. Eight lesions were located in the upper (4 supraspinatus tendon, 2 deltoideus tendon, 1 pectoralis tendon, 1 biceps tendon) and 3 in the lower extremity (2 gluteus tendon, 1 adductor magnus tendon). Read More

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2020 Jun 24;106(4):693-700. Epub 2020 May 24.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, P.O.Box 95500, 1090HM, Amsterdam. The Netherlands.

Background: Suprapectoral long head biceps (LHB) tenodesis and subpectoral LHB tenodesis are both commonly performed surgical procedures. Due to the more proximal position of the suprapectoral tenodesis site this technique may be accompanied with more postoperative pain in the bicipital groove and cramping pain in the biceps muscle. We hypothesized that subpectoral tenodesis is associated with a better clinical outcome than suprapectoral tenodesis. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020 Sep 28;29(9):1783-1788. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Boston Shoulder Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: There remains a paucity of studies examining the impact of workers' compensation (WC) on a variety of outcomes after biceps tenodesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative recovery curves after biceps tenodesis in patients with and without WC claims.

Methods: Using the Surgical Outcomes System database, we assessed the postoperative recovery outcomes of all patients who had outcomes recorded at least 6 months after isolated biceps tenodesis for the treatment of a diagnosis of biceps tendinitis, stratified by WC status. Read More

Arthroscopy 2020 09 20;36(9):2352-2353. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.

Subpectoral biceps tenodesis of the shoulder may be a useful tool that can address a wide range of disorders in the setting of pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon. Primary indications include (1) zone 2 or zone 3 tendon pathology and (2) failed previous proximal tendon tenodesis. Secondary indications include (1) an overhead athlete or thrower, (2) chronic tendinopathy, and (3) surgeon preference. Read More

Acta Ortop Mex 2019 Jul-Aug;33(4):237-240

Unidad de Investigaciones. Fundación Universitaria Sanitas. Colombia.

Introduction: Anterior shoulder pain is one of the most common symptoms in the orthopedic consultation, much of it is associated with the pathology of the long head biceps tendon; in general, its management is conservative, including injections which are performed blindly as a common clinical practice. With the advent of imaging support in the performance of these procedures such as ultrasound can improve the accuracy of biceps tendon sheath injections to obtain a better clinical result.

Objective: To describe the clinical results of patients with chronic biceps tendinitis who were injected by ultrasound guidance. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020 Jun 26;29(6):1214-1222. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address:

Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to correlate the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computer adaptive testing (CAT) domains with commonly used legacy patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) preoperatively in a population of patients presenting to a tertiary care orthopedic center for biceps and labral pathology.

Methods: Prospective data were collected on 175 patients scheduled to undergo isolated biceps tenodesis at a tertiary center. Enrollees completed legacy scores (Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey, Short Form 12, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] Assessment Form, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and Constant-Murley score) and PROMIS CAT questionnaires (Upper Extremity [UE], Pain Interference [PIF], and Depression). Read More