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Arthroscopy 2020 Apr 20. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Address: TSAOG Orthopaedics and the Burkhart Research Institute for Orthopaedics (BRIO), 400 Concord Plaza Dr., San Antonio, TX 78258.

Subpectoral biceps tenodesis of the shoulder may be a useful tool that can address a wide range of disorders in the setting of pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon. Primary indications include: (1) zone 2 or zone 3 tendon pathology and (2) failed previous proximal tendon tenodesis. Secondary indications include: (1) an overhead athlete or thrower, (2) chronic tendinopathy and (3) surgeon preference. Read More

Acta Ortop Mex 2019 Jul-Aug;33(4):237-240

Unidad de Investigaciones. Fundación Universitaria Sanitas. Colombia.

Introduction: Anterior shoulder pain is one of the most common symptoms in the orthopedic consultation, much of it is associated with the pathology of the long head biceps tendon; in general, its management is conservative, including injections which are performed blindly as a common clinical practice. With the advent of imaging support in the performance of these procedures such as ultrasound can improve the accuracy of biceps tendon sheath injections to obtain a better clinical result.

Objective: To describe the clinical results of patients with chronic biceps tendinitis who were injected by ultrasound guidance. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020 Jun 6;29(6):1289-1295. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Surgical options for pathology affecting the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) include tenotomy and tenodesis, both of which can be performed with a variety of fixation methods. This study aimed to compare surgical treatment options for LHBT lesions using a network meta-analysis of published clinical studies.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Read More

Neuromodulation 2020 Jan 13. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

International Spine Pain & Performance Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of axillary peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) on pain reduction in patients with chronic shoulder pain. Chronic shoulder pain was defined as pain greater than six months originating from any of the following and not the result of a stroke: subacromial impingement syndrome/rotator cuff pathology, glenohumeral joint arthritis, acromioclavicular joint arthritis, adhesive capsulitis, or biceps tendinopathy.

Materials And Methods: Eight adult patients with chronic shoulder pain, as defined above, who either did not respond to surgical intervention or who were deemed not ideal surgical candidates underwent permanent axillary PNS therapy. Read More

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2020 Feb 24;106(1):17-23. Epub 2019 Dec 24.

IULS -Institut Universitaire Locomoteur & Sports- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, 30, voie Romaine, 06001 Nice, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Antegrade percutaneous intra-medullary nailing (IMN) has a poor reputation in the treatment of humerus fractures. The aim of the present study was to assess rotator cuff integrity and shoulder function after IMN in humerus fracture.

Hypothesis: Third-generation humeral nails (straight, small diameter, with locked screws) conserve rotator cuff tendon integrity and avoid the shoulder stiffness and pain incurred by 1st generation (large diameter, without self-blocking screw) and 2nd generation nails (curved, penetrating the supraspinatus insertion on the greater tuberosity). Read More

Clin J Sport Med 2020 Jan;30(1):20-24

Division of Shoulder and Sports Medicine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California.

Objective: Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging is increasingly being used for static and dynamic imaging of tendons, muscles, ligaments, and bones. New, hand-held, pocket-sized ultrasounds are more portable and affordable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pocket-sized ultrasound to diagnose shoulder pathology. Read More

Vet Rec 2019 Nov 25. Epub 2019 Nov 25.

Diagnostic Imaging, Dick White Referrals, Cambridge, UK.

Background: This study aimed to compare the ultrasonographic and histological features of the supraspinatus tendon (ST) and its peculiar appearance in contrast with the biceps brachii tendon.

Methods: For this purpose, 19 non-lame dog cadavers were subjected to an ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of both shoulders after postmortem examination.

Results: Close to their insertion on the greater tubercle, all STs displayed a widened portion with a deep central hypoechoic area lacking a fibrillar pattern, when compared with its more proximal aspect and adjacent biceps brachii. Read More

Spinal Cord 2020 Mar 19;58(3):324-333. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland.

Study Design: A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design.

Objectives: To identify acute changes in the supraspinatus and biceps tendon following fatiguing wheelchair propulsion and to associate tendon changes with risk factors associated with shoulder pain in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Biomechanical laboratory Swiss Paraplegic Research. Read More

J Biol Chem 2019 Dec 15;294(52):20177-20184. Epub 2019 Nov 15.

Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan

Apoptosis has emerged as a primary cause of tendinopathy. CD44 signaling pathways exert anti-apoptotic and -inflammatory effects on tumor cells, chondrocytes, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the association among CD44, apoptosis, and inflammation in tendinopathy. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019 Nov 9;20(1):522. Epub 2019 Nov 9.

Clinic of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.

Background: Simple tenotomy and anchor tenodesis are commonly used in treatment of long biceps tendon (LHB) pathologies. The tenotomy can result in biceps distalization or cosmetic deformities. A novel loop Tenodesis Technique (LTD) could prevent a distalization of the biceps muscle without the risk of implant associated complications. Read More

Int J Rheum Dis 2019 Dec 31;22(12):2158-2164. Epub 2019 Oct 31.

Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that has a great impact on different joints, may result in their destruction and loss of function. Although the shoulder is affected in a large portion of patients with RA, it does not receive much attention during the follow up of RA. The precise diagnosis of shoulder pain in RA is a clinical challenge and benefits from a reliable imaging modality to detect its exact origin. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Sep;98(39):e17204

Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung.

Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common chronic disorder for adult patients; however, whether a history of pre-existing shoulder diseases may affect the development of AC is still not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of AC and to assess the association of pre-existing shoulder diseases and traumatic injuries of the shoulder with the development of AC in adults.This retrospective population-based cohort and nested case-control study used data from the National Health Institute Research Database of Taiwan. Read More

J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019 Jul 25;23(3):604-618. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 17100, Campus of Savona, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Diagnostic accuracy of physical tests and effectiveness of musculoskeletal rehabilitation of shoulder disorders are still debated.

Objectives: To investigate diagnostic accuracy of physical tests, efficacy of physiotherapy and coherence between target of assessment and intervention for shoulder impingement and related disorders like bursitis, rotator cuff and long head biceps tendinopathy and labral lesions.

Methods: A systematic search of four databases was conducted, including RCTs and cross-sectional studies. Read More

Pol J Pathol 2019 ;70(2):134-138

Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Smoking has a damaging effect on the musculoskeletal system, which was presented by authors in the rotator cuff and Achilles tendons studies; however, there are a lack of data about the effect of smoking on disorders of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT), particularly at the microscopic level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the tobacco smoking on the histopathologic alterations of the LHBT. Thirty-six patients with preoperatively diagnosed tendinopathy of the LHBT were referred to the Orthopaedics Department. Read More

Workplace Health Saf 2019 Oct 20;67(10):501-505. Epub 2019 Sep 20.

University of California, San Francisco.

Transient shoulder pain is a common complaint following intramuscular vaccine administration into the deltoid. More severe vaccination-associated shoulder complications comprising of weakness and decreased range of motion are categorized under the construct "shoulder injury related to vaccine administration" (SIRVA) that subsumes both subjective and objective findings consistent with injury. We describe the presentation and management of a case of SIRVA in a health care worker following seasonal influenza vaccine administration as part of a hospital-based employee health program and review the relevant biomedical literature. Read More

Zhongguo Gu Shang 2019 Aug;32(8):701-706

Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China.

Objective: To compare clinical efficacy of arthroscopic tenodesis and tenotomy in treating biceps long head tendinitis.

Methods: From January 2015 to January 2017, 40 patients with long head of the biceps tendinitis were randomly divided into tenotomy group (18 patients) and tenodesis group(22 patients). In tenotomy group, there were 6 males and 12 females with an average age of (62. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2019 Dec 6;28(12):2272-2278. Epub 2019 Sep 6.

Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.

Background: Our objective was to examine the clinical utility of old and new clinical tests directed to the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) and to quantify the importance of proper test interpretation.

Methods: A consecutive 65 patients scheduled to undergo arthroscopic surgery were selected. Before surgery, 5 clinical tests were performed: Speed, Yergason, upper cut, biceps resisted flexion (BRF), and modified BRF (mBRF) using a dumbbell. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019 Dec 5;27(12):4032-4037. Epub 2019 Sep 5.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3000, Durham, NC, 27710, UK.

Purpose:  Surgical management for long head of the biceps (LHB) tendinopathy with either biceps tenotomy or tenodesis is a reliable, but debated treatment option. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study is to evaluate differences in pain relief and subjective outcomes between biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis for LHB tendinopathy.

Methods:  Subjects were randomized and blinded to biceps tenotomy versus arthroscopic tenodesis intra-operatively. Read More

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019 Aug 26. Epub 2019 Aug 26.

Department of Orthopedic and Trauma, District Hospital, Toruń, Poland.

Background: Open or mini-invasive operative procedures are methods of choice in the treatment of the advanced degenerative process of tendinopathy of long head of biceps tendon (LHBT). Cosmetic arm deformity and fatigue are the main complaints after the surgery. Researchers have noticed that in some cases the typical cosmetic deformity is often barely noticeable and the pain is significantly reduced as it occurs after spontaneous LHBT rupture due to extremely advanced tendinopathy. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2019 Aug 6;25:5856-5863. Epub 2019 Aug 6.

Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND Physical tests are usually preferred to assess rotator-cuff syndrome but are insufficient to predict the morphology and size of the rotator-cuff. The objective of the study was to rate the ultrasound findings for patients with sudden shoulder pain and to determine potential predictors of the same. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 112 patients with sudden shoulder pain with rotator-cuff syndrome, suspected by orthopedic doctors, were subjected to ultrasonography. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019 Dec 25;27(12):3970-3978. Epub 2019 Jul 25.

Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé de l'Estuaire, Le Havre, France.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy between magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) and arthroscopic examination for the assessment of pathologies of the long head of the biceps (LHB) prior to rotator cuff (RC) repair. The hypothesis was that MRA is suitable to identify biceps instabilities, due to improved visibility of the biceps pulley.

Methods: Sixty-six patients aged 58. Read More

J Rehabil Med 2019 Jul;51(7):479-491

Physical medicine and Rehabilitation, CHU de Quebec-Université Lava, G1J1Z4 Quebec City, Canada.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic validity of high-resolution ultrasound and orthopaedic special tests in diagnosing long head of the biceps tendon pathologies in patients with shoulder pain.

Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis tools.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE. Read More

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2019 Oct 17;29(7):1405-1409. Epub 2019 Jun 17.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, OLV Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, 9300, Aalst, Belgium.

Background: Surgical reinsertion of the distal biceps tendon for acute and chronic tears is a widely accepted procedure, but little is known about surgical treatment of distal biceps tendinopathy.

Methods: Twenty patients underwent a surgical procedure for distal biceps tendinopathy after failure of conservative treatment. The surgery was performed through a single incision. Read More

Arthroscopy 2019 07 10;35(7):1992-2000. Epub 2019 Jun 10.

University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A.

Purpose: To assess whether preoperative subpectoral tenderness in patients with rotator cuff tears was associated with arthroscopic findings of tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps, as well as whether they had resolution of their subpectoral tenderness postoperatively after tenodesis or tenotomy.

Methods: Patients presenting between 2011 and 2016 undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were evaluated preoperatively with the subpectoral biceps test (SBT). This test is performed with the arm adducted and internally rotated to allow palpation of the biceps as it courses under the pectoralis major tendon. Read More

Arthroscopy 2019 04;35(4):1036-1041

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes after biceps tenodesis performed in patients younger than 25 years, to evaluate reoperations and complications in this population, and to critically appraise return to preinjury level of play for this population.

Methods: Forty-five consecutive patients younger than 25 years underwent subpectoral biceps tenodesis for biceps tendinopathy or biceps-labral complex injuries including SLAP tears. Biceps tenodesis was performed using an interference screw technique. Read More

Diagn Interv Imaging 2019 Jul - Aug;100(7-8):437-444. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Service d'imagerie Guilloz, hôpital central, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nancy, 29, avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 54035 Nancy, France.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of CT arthrography for the diagnosis of intra-articular long head of biceps (LHB) tendon intrinsic lesions using arthroscopy findings as standard of reference.

Material And Methods: CT arthrography studies of 98 patients (55 men, 43 women; mean age 54.8±12. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 8;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Eiju General Hospital, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019 Mar-Apr;10(2):248-256. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.

Disorders of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) are a well-recognised cause of shoulder pain despite the function of the long head of the biceps remaining poorly understood. There has been a dramatic rise in the number of biceps tenodesis procedures being performed in the last decade. This may partly be attributed to concerns regarding residual cosmetic deformity and pain after biceps tenotomy though there is little evidence to suggest that functional outcomes of tenodesis are superior to biceps tenotomy. Read More

Orthop J Sports Med 2019 Feb 14;7(2):2325967118825473. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Background: Biceps tenodesis may be performed for symptomatic tendinopathy or tearing of the long head of the biceps tendon. Biceps tenodesis is also commonly performed as an adjunctive procedure. However, the indications and prevalence of biceps tenodesis have expanded. Read More

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2019 Jul 15;29(5):1081-1087. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, Wales, UK.

Snapping biceps femoris tendon is an uncommon cause of lateral knee pain. We report the case of a 15-year-old athlete with bilateral snapping biceps femoris tendons, painful over his right lateral leg during exercise. He underwent elective exploration of the right knee which revealed an accessory biceps femoris tendon with attachment to the anterolateral tibia. Read More

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019 Jan-Apr;27(1):2309499018820349

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.

Introduction: The long head of the biceps (LHB) is often resected in shoulder surgery. However, its contribution to inflammatory processes in the shoulder remains unclear. In the present study, inflamed and noninflamed human LHBs were comparatively characterized for features of inflammation. Read More

Orthop J Sports Med 2019 Jan 14;7(1):2325967118821604. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Background: Chronic overload injuries to tendons can be visualized using ultrasonography, with characteristics such as tendon thickening and darkening.

Purpose: To investigate whether these characteristics are evident in the patellar and Achilles tendons immediately after 1 session of high-intensity resistance training.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Read More

JSES Open Access 2018 Mar 13;2(1):69-73. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.

The long head of the biceps is a frequent pain generator in the shoulder. Tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps may be treated with biceps tenodesis. There has been great debate about the optimal technique for biceps tenodesis, without a clear distinction between different techniques. Read More

Clin Imaging 2019 Mar - Apr;54:126-132. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Radiology, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY 10003, United States of America.

Purpose: To correlate the histopathologic appearances of resected long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) specimens following biceps tenodesis, with pre-operative MRI and arthroscopic findings, with attention to the radiologically normal biceps.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone preoperative MRI, subsequent arthroscopic subpectoral tenodesis for SLAP tears and histopathologic inspection of the excised sample between 2013 and 16. Those with a normal MRI appearance or mildly increased intrasubstance signal were independently analyzed by 2 blinded radiologists. Read More

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019 ;32(2):355-359

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.

Background And Objective: Calcific tendinitis is commonly found in the rotator cuff; however, it is very rare in the long biceps tendon (LBT). Furthermore, calcific tendinitis involving the LBT in the hemiplegic shoulder after a stroke has not been previously reported.

Materials And Method: We present a case of a 63-year-old man who suffers from a stroke and atypical calcific tendinitis involving the LBT as a rare cause of hemiplegic shoulder pain. Read More

J Ultrasound 2018 Dec 10;21(4):351-354. Epub 2018 Nov 10.

Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.

Calcific tendinopathy is characterized by the deposition of calcium, mostly hydroxyapatite crystals, in tendons. Women are more frequently affected than men, with prevalence in the fourth and fifth decades of life. This condition has been reported between 2. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019 Jan 3;27(1):267-275. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway.

Purpose: Tendon disorders are a major problem in the general population. It is known that rotator cuff tendinopathy contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) of the shoulder. The aim of the study was to analyse the presence of tendinopathy in patients with shoulder OA and an intact rotator cuff, using a multimodal approach. Read More

Mol Cell Biochem 2019 Apr 28;454(1-2):25-31. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.

Tendonosis is characterized by an increase in collagen type III relative to collagen type I, but the precise ratio of collagen type I to collagen type III in pathologic shoulder tendons has not been reported. A tendon continuously bathed in an OA synovial environment may exhibit histomorphologic differences as compared to those from shoulders with a preserved articular surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and histological differences in the proximal portion of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) from a non-arthritic versus an arthritic glenohumeral joint. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2019 May 27;38(5):1367-1382. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Cabinet Imagerie Médicale, Geneva, Switzerland.

The hamstring muscle complex is made by a group of posterior biarticular thigh muscles, originating at the ischial tuberosity, which extend the hip and flex the knee joint. Proximal hamstring injuries are frequent among athletes, commonly involving their long myotendinous junction during an eccentric contraction. In this pictorial essay, we describe the ultrasound technique to visualize the normal anatomy of the proximal hamstring muscle-tendon-bone complex and present ultrasound findings in patients with traumatic injuries and tendinopathies. Read More

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2018 Dec;11(4):598-606

Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, UniversitàdegliStudi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.

Purpose Of Review: Platelet-rich plasma is used in many orthopedic pathologies such as tendinopathies and ligament injuries. The clinical results reported in the scientific literature are, however, confusing. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a narrative literature review regarding the role of PRP in the most common elbow soft tissue pathologies. Read More

J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018 Dec 18;43:7-13. Epub 2018 Aug 18.

Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada; Groupe de recherche sur les affections neuro-musculo-squelettiques (GRAN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada. Electronic address:

The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of foot orthoses (FOs) with and without a lateral bar on muscle activity of participants with cavus feet. Fifteen participants were recruited from the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières students and podiatry clinic. The muscle activity of the tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis, vastus medialis and lateralis, biceps femoris and gluteus medius were recorded during fast walking under two experimental conditions (FOs with and without a lateral bar) and a control condition (shoes). Read More

Zhongguo Gu Shang 2018 Jul;31(7):612-616

Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shool of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China;

Objective: To explore operative technique and clinical efficacy of tenotomy fixed on distal trochlea under arthroscopy for long head of biceps tendon and rotator cuff tear.

Methods: From June 2015 to November 2016, 23 patients with long head of biceps tendon and rotator cuff tear were treated with tenotomy fixed on distal trochlea under arthroscopy and rotator cuff repair. Among them, including 9 males and 14 females aged from 44 to 71 years old with an average of(56. Read More

Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2018 Sep;26(3):139-144

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.

The long head of the biceps brachii is a well-known "pain generator" in the shoulder. Biceps tendinitis, instability, and rupture encompass the majority of symptomatic lesions. Clinical diagnosis, particularly of biceps tendinitis, can be difficult, given the nonspecific physical examination findings. Read More

Physiother Theory Pract 2020 Mar 22;36(3):397-407. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Physical Therapy Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

: To describe the outcomes of 10 patients with chronic biceps tendinopathy treated by physical therapy with the novel approach of dry needling (DN), eccentric-concentric exercise (ECE), and stretching of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT). : Ten individuals reporting chronic anterior shoulder symptoms (> 3 months), pain with palpation of the LHBT, and positive results on a combination of tests including active shoulder flexion, Speed's, Hawkins Kennedy, Neer, and Yergason's tests participated in this case series. Validated self-reported outcome measures including the mean numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) were taken at baseline. Read More

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018 Jul/Aug;54(4):226-230. Epub 2018 May 14.

From the Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.

A 4 mo old German shepherd dog was presented following an acute onset lameness and swelling of the thoracic limb. Clinical signs, surgical findings, and culture results were consistent with a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. Initial management consisted of extensive surgical debridement, wound lavage, and bandaging. Read More

Med Ultrason 2018 May;20(2):192-198

Department of Physical therapy and rehabilitation, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey.

Aim: To investigate strain (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) characteristics of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tendinosis in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Material And Methods: Twenty patients with a MRI diagnosis of tendinosis and twenty healthy subjects with normal LHBT in MRI were prospectively examined by SE and SWE. SE color mapping was divided into four types in accordance with elasticity designs: type I predominantly blue (hardest tissue), type II predominantly blue-green (hard tissue), type III predominantly green (intermediate tissue), type IV predominantly green-yellow-red (soft tissue). Read More

BJR Case Rep 2018 Mar 30;4(3):20170122. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

Department of Imaging, Mary's Campus, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.

A 23-year-old amateur football player presented 9 months after acute onset of severe pain and a lump in the posterior right knee whilst lifting a heavy box. He had been unable to return to playing football or climbing the stairs. Clinically, a Baker's cyst was suspected. Read More

Pain Med 2019 01;20(1):138-142

Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objective: Long head biceps tendon peritendinous or sheath injections are routinely administered at or immediately distally to the bicipital groove. The main indication for injection remains the clinical diagnosis or treatment of biceps tendinopathy, although true inflammation of the tendon within the bicipital groove is rare. Because the tendon sheath is merely an extension of the joint cavity, it is plausible to assume that an injection into the sheath would result in intraarticular spread. Read More