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JAAD Case Rep 2020 Jul 20;6(7):670-672. Epub 2020 May 20.

Department of Dermatology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.

Paediatr Child Health 2020 Jun 20;25(4):241-245. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

Within the paediatric population, changing patterns of circumcisions have confounded the epidemiology and presentation of lichen sclerosus (LS). We sought to evaluate the incidence, demographics, and clinical features of patients presenting to a single Albertan paediatric urologist with LS. This retrospective descriptive analysis evaluated all paediatric patients referred for phimosis to a single paediatric urologist in Edmonton, Alberta. Read More

F1000Res 2020 15;9. Epub 2020 May 15.

Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Lichen sclerosus (LS), or balanitis xerotica obliterans as it was previously known, is a chronic inflammatory lymphocyte-mediated scarring dermatosis that often affects the preputial skin and glans, leading to phimosis and urethral strictures if left untreated. We present a narrative review of the literature assessing its aetiology and pathogenesis and discuss its links to penile cancer and its medical and surgical management. Possible hypotheses for the development of LS include chronic exposure to trapped urine, leading to changes in the epithelial structure. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain.

We describe the association of balanitis xerotica obliterans and differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) with dermal elastosis and "bramble-bush" elastic fibers in a diabetic patient with no history of penicillamine intake. An 84-year-old man presented with urethral obstruction syndrome that required postectomy, meatotomy, and foreskin excision. Histopathological examination revealed changes of lichen sclerosus and differentiated PeIN. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2020 May 29:956462419894447. Epub 2020 May 29.

Central London Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK.

A 55-year-old man, without evident sexual risk, presented with symptoms of a urethritis and balanitis. This followed directly from exposure to organic residue from a domestic plant, the Euphorbia or Garden Spurge, found on his fingers after gardening. A review of relevant medical literature reveals little putative association between exposure to this plant and genital symptomatology. Read More

Curr Urol 2020 Mar 20;14(1):1-13. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage.

Background: It is estimated that between 50 and 89% of non-gonococcal urethritis is not caused by . Associations between non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) with balanoposthitis, epididymo-orchitis and reactive arthritis have been suggested, but evidence to support these often-theoretical relationships is sparse and further investigation is called for. Concerns over increasing antimicrobial resistance has rendered the need for clarity over this question ever more pressing in recent years. Read More

Urology 2020 Jul 20;141:e20-e21. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Urology, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address:

We present an unusual case of isolated urethral tuberculosis. The patient had a history of urethral strictures and persistent discharge from two peno-scrotal fistulas which was confirmed on urethrogram. He was treated with antitubercular treatment and a two stage urethroplasty. Read More

Cir Pediatr 2020 Apr 1;33(2):79-83. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Sección de Urología Pediátrica. Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona.

Objectives: Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a little known incidence in pediatric population. The objective of this work was to describe our experience in the treatment of BXO.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study carried out in 419 patients undergoing circumcision surgery between January 2014 and January 2017. Read More

Urology 2020 Jun 16;140:e8-e9. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, Île-de-France, France; Inserm, UMRS_1155, Paris, Île-de-France, France.

The proposed image reports the case of penile calciphylaxis. Calciphylaxis is a rare obliterative small vessel vasculopathy associated with diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease. Penile involvement is even rarer with only 50 cases reported, and agreement on appropriate diagnosis and management is unclear. Read More

Dermatol Clin 2020 Apr 5;38(2):227-232. Epub 2019 Dec 5.

Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente, 3701 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, USA. Electronic address:

Evaluation of anogenital dermatitis requires a detailed history, including a sexual history. Men who have sex with men have different risk of certain infectious causes compared with men who have sex with women. Infectious causes of balanitis and anal dermatitis are easily treatable once identified. Read More

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019 Jan-Dec;33:2058738419866582

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread disease in our country. Urogenital infections, including urinary tract infections, vaginitis, balanitis, balanoposthitis, and male accessory gland infections, show a higher risk of occurrence in patients with DM that non-diabetic subjects. Both non-drug-related and drug-related mechanisms are involved in their pathogenesis. Read More

Pathogens 2020 Feb 1;9(2). Epub 2020 Feb 1.

Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

() is the major bacteria detected in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). () has been demonstrated to show a symbiotic relationship with . Some men have been shown to be colonized with in their urogenital or anorectal tracts, however genitourinary infections in males, including balanitis and urethritis, due to this organism appear to be much less common. Read More

Asian J Urol 2020 Jan 6;7(1):56-60. Epub 2019 Jun 6.

Department of Urology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India.

Objective: Urethral stricture is a highly prevalent disease and has a continued rising incidence. The global burden of disease keeps rising as there are significant rates of recurrence with the existing management options with the need for additional repeat procedures. Moreover, the existing treatment options are associated with significant morbidity in the patient. Read More

Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2019 Jul-Dec;40(2):168-171

Department of Dermatology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of male and female genitalia can present as Bowen's disease (BD), erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowenoid papulosis, Paget's disease, pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic, and micaceous balanitis. BD is SCC . It affects both skin and mucous membranes and has the potential to progress to invasive SCC. Read More

Dermatol Pract Concept 2020 31;10(1):e2020012. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Int J Dermatol 2020 Jun 17;59(6):e199-e201. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

Dermatology Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.

Rev Urol 2019 ;21(2-3):133-135

Integrated Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Greenbelt, MD.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior urethra in men is rare, comprising less than 1% of all urologic cancers. The mean age at diagnosis is 60 years and it is nearly twice as common in black men compared with white men. We detail a case of SCC of the anterior urethra in a man presenting with an inguinal mass, meatal stenosis, and balanitis. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2020 Jan 23;179(1):9-16. Epub 2019 Nov 23.

Douglas Cohen Department of Paediatric Surgery, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a severe, chronic, dermatosis characterised by inflammatory, sclerotic, pruritic lesions that causes significant morbidity in patients of all genders and ages. In boys, the lesions typically affect the foreskin and glans (termed balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO)), leading to phimosis and potentially meatal stenosis. The incidence of the disease is not well reported but the average age of affected boys is 8 years (range 1-16). Read More

Dis Aquat Organ 2019 Nov;136(3):273-278

Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Utqiagvik, AK 99723, USA.

This case study describes a persistent Mü̈llerian duct syndrome (PMDS), a rare form of XY disorder of sex development (DSD), in a mature (>15 yr) beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas. The phenotypically and genetically male beluga whale had both Mü̈llerian (paramesonephric) and Wolffian (mesonephric) duct derivatives. A mild hydrometra was present. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2019 11 21;32(6):e13139. Epub 2019 Nov 21.

Onkoderma-Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 03 23;34(3):e116-e117. Epub 2020 Feb 23.

University College London Hospitals, London, UK.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 03 19;34(3):e117-e118. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Urology 2020 Jan 9;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. Electronic address:

Objective: To elucidate current understanding on the pathophysiological mechanism of genital lichen sclerosus (LS), urologic manifestations, and treatment options.

Materials And Methods: The Medline/PubMed and Embase databases were systematically reviewed for publications pertaining to LS. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, references were assessed for relevance to the pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of LS by title and abstract review by 2 independent reviewers, yielding 186 articles for assessment. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Nov 16;37(4):583-592. Epub 2019 Aug 16.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacobi//Montefiore/Einstein Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1400 Pelham Parkway South, Building 6, Suite 1B25, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address:

The penis is an organ of enormous importance and is vital for both excretory and reproductive function. The anatomy of the penis itself can lead to many of its emergent conditions and a thorough understanding of the anatomy and physiology is central to recognition of these conditions. Physicians should have a high clinical suspicion for penile emergencies and perform a thorough physical examination to make a proper diagnosis. Read More

Surgeon 2020 Jun 21;18(3):150-153. Epub 2019 Sep 21.

The Great North Children's Hospital Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Symptomatic phimosis is a common childhood urology complaint. Circumcision was traditionally the treatment of choice, but its popularity in cases of non-scarred phimosis has been superseded by more conservative methods like preputioplasty. We sought to examine outcomes of preputioplasty for the treatment of non-scarred pathological phimosis in two UK paediatric surgery tertiary centres. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2020 Apr 13;55(4):721-725. Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Department of Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool, L14 5AB, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Lichen sclerosus (LS), (balanitis xerotica obliterans), causes pathological phimosis. Many boys present with obstructive symptoms, the cause is usually obvious on examination so ultrasound scans (USS) of the urinary tract are not routinely indicated. We review a series of abnormal USS in boys with LS. Read More

Presse Med 2019 Jul - Aug;48(7-8 Pt 1):877-879. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

University of Tunis El Manar, Habib Thameur hospital, department of dermatology, Tunis, Tunisia.

Int J Surg Case Rep 2019 19;61:191-194. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

Department of Plastic- and Breast Surgery, University Hospital Zealand, Sygehusvej 10, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address:

Introduction: Penile denudation is a devastating condition often reconstructed with a split-thickness skin graft(STSG). As this kind of reconstruction is challenging, we present an non-invasive treatment using Manuka honey dressings with a satisfying result. This was performed as a salvage procedure after failed STSG. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2019 Jul-Aug;10(4):460-462

Department of Pathology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.

Glans penis is an unusual site for horn. Only few cases are reported worldwide in English literature. Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis (PKMB) is a pyodermatitis with pseudoepitheliomatous response to chronic inflammation or infection. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Aug 3;33(8):1591-1594. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Urology Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Background: Zoon balanitis (ZB) is a chronic inflammatory benign mucositis. Its etiopathogenesis still remains hypothetical and speculative.

Objectives: To determine risk factors associated with genital ZB in men. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2019 May 26;95(1123):283. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):837-842

Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with several comorbidities and complications. Genital infection is one such complication that is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Even though abnormalities in immune system, high urine glucose, and bladder dysfunction are important contributors for the increased risk of genitourinary symptoms, yet the possible role of pharmacologically induced glucosuria cannot be completely overlooked in such patients. Read More

J Urol 2019 03;201(3):431

Int J Surg Case Rep 2019 19;55:37-40. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Department of Urology, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis (PKMB) is an extremely rare disease. Herein, we report a case of PKMB in a patient who underwent two surgical procedures, since the 5-FU cream was not available.

Presentation Of Case: A 50 year-old Korean man undergoing circumcision in a local clinic presented with a tumor-like lesion on the glans penis. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Jun 3;58(6):e114-e115. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA, USA.

World J Urol 2019 Dec 2;37(12):2807-2808. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Am J Transplant 2019 03 25;19(3):907-919. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

The safety and efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in posttransplantation diabetes mellitus is unknown. We converted stable kidney transplant patients to 10 mg empagliflozin, aiming at replacing their insulin therapy (<40 IU/d). N = 14 participants (the required sample size) completed the study visits through 4 weeks and N = 8 through 12 months. Read More

Curr Opin Urol 2019 03;29(2):145-149

Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Our objective is to present an overview of epidemiologic, clinical, and molecular risk factors with a focus on contemporary literature.

Recent Findings: Penile cancer is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of male malignancies in the United States. Geographical disparities in incidence of disease are evident with high rates concentrated in the developing world (2. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 12 21;14(6):536.e1-536.e7. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.

Introduction: The importance of the pathology of the dartos fascia in hypospadias and buried penis is still debatable. Understanding the properties of connective tissue of dartos fascia in hypospadias and buried penis may give a clue to the underlying mechanism.

Objective: This study aimed to compare connective tissue and vascularization of dartos fascia between normal penis, buried penis, and hypospadias. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Nov/Dec;93(6):881-883

Department of Dermatopathology, Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória (ES), Brasil.

Zoon's plasma cell balanitis is a chronic genital inflammatory dermatosis that affects uncircumcised men, especially the elderly. It's characterized by painless erythematous plaques of orange hue, located on the glans penis and foreskin. Circumcision is the most effective treatment; however, it can be hard for patients to accept. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2019 Feb 29;15(1):45.e1-45.e5. Epub 2018 Mar 29.

Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address:

Introduction: Circumcision has long been the mainstay of management for genitourinary lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LS); however, there has been growing interest in surgical techniques that preserve the foreskin.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess population-based surgical management of LS in England and determine surgical outcomes.

Study Design: Cases of LS treated in English NHS trusts (2002-2011) were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) Database. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Mar 23;58(3):e55-e57. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

State Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 May 11;33(5):966-972. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Medical Area, Institute of Dermatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.

Background: Clinical differentiation of erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) and chronic forms of balanitis may be challenging, especially in early phases or in overlapping cases. Dermoscopy has been shown to be a useful supportive tool in facilitating the distinction between tumoral and inflammatory skin conditions; yet, data on EQ and balanitis are scarce or sparse.

Objectives: To systematically assess the dermoscopic features of both EQ and common forms of chronic balanitis and to investigate the accuracy of dermoscopy in distinguishing these conditions. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2019 Mar;99(3):315-320

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skane University Hospital, SE-214 28 Malmö, Sweden. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skane University Hospital, SE-214 28 Malmö, Sweden.

Studies on risk factors for penile intraepithelial neo-plasia have been small in size, have not distinguished penile intraepithelial neoplasia from invasive cancer, and have relied on self-reported information. This study investigated risk factors for penile intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of 580 penile intraepithelial neoplasia cases and 3,436 controls using information from 7 Swedish registers. Cases with penile intraepithelial neoplasia had increased odds ratios (ORs) for inflammatory skin diseases (14. Read More

Cent European J Urol 2018 22;71(3):346-352. Epub 2018 Sep 22.

Luton and Dunstable Hospital, Department of Urology, Luton, United Kingdom.

Introduction: Buried penis is a condition that causes the penis to become hidden beneath the skin. It has a significant impact on quality of life and can present in a variety of ways, with lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction being common. Whilst there are several causes, obesity is the most common in adults. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Jul 12;58(7):777-781. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), or penile lichen sclerosus, is a progressive sclerosing inflammatory dermatosis of the glans penis and foreskin. It is associated with significant morbidity and may result in impaired urinary and sexual function. It was initially described by Stuhmer in 1928, named after its pathological features, and is considered the male equivalent of vulvar lichen sclerosis (LS). Read More

Res Rep Urol 2018 18;10:89-94. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan,

Introduction: Lichen sclerosus (LS), or balanitis xerotica obliterans, is a chronic, inflammatory disease accompanied by cicatrizing skin conditions resulting in pathologic phimosis. LS can be detected clinically by the whitish appearance of the glans or the foreskin, thickened, nonretractable foreskin, dysuria, and spraying. However, diagnosis is confirmed histopathologically. Read More