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Viruses 2019 Apr 20;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 20.

APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.

Bacteriophages (phages) or bacterial viruses have been proposed as natural antimicrobial agents to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with human infections. is a gut commensal, which is occasionally found in the mouth and vaginal tract, and does not usually cause clinical problems. However, it can spread to other areas of the body and cause life-threatening infections, such as septicemia, endocarditis, or meningitis, in immunocompromised hosts. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2019 Apr 2;12(1):152. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.

Background: The tick midgut and salivary glands represent the primary organs for pathogen acquisition and transmission, respectively. Specifically, the midgut is the first organ to have contact with pathogens during the blood meal uptake, while salivary glands along with their secretions play a crucial role in pathogen transmission to the host. Currently there is little data about pathogen composition and prevalence in Ixodes ricinus midgut and salivary glands. Read More

Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019 Mar 22:1-12. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,

Recurrent severe bacterial and fungal infections are characteristic features of the rare genetic immunodeficiency disorder chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The disease usually manifests within the first years of life with an incidence of 1 in approximately 200,000 live births. The incidence is higher in Iran and Morocco where it reaches 1. Read More

J Virol 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

EV71 infection is generally associated with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), and may cause severe neurological disorders and even death. An effective murine oral infection model for studying the pathogenesis of various clinical EV71 isolates is lacking. We developed a transgenic mouse that expresses EV71 receptor, that is human scavenger receptor class B member 2 (hSCARB2), in a pattern highly similar to that of murine endogenous mSCARB2 protein. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(10):e14674

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.

Rationale: Deep neck infections (DNIs) in the head and neck area are difficult to treat due to the anatomical complexity of the cervical region. Since inflammation causes changes in anatomy, it is often difficult to find the exact location of the abscess, which leads to failed surgical drainage.

Patient Concern: A 76-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with trismus and right-side facial swelling. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Mar 24;230:90-94. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. Electronic address:

Chlamydia gallinacea is an endemic Chlamydia agent in poultry with a worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C. gallinacea can be transmitted via fecal-oral, respiratory and vertical routes. Read More

Biosens Bioelectron 2019 Mar 22;129:198-207. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address:

Bacteria adhering to implanted medical devices can cause invasive microbial infections, of e.g. skin, lung or blood. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2019 01;7(1)

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239.

With the application of increasingly advanced "omics" technologies to the study of our resident oral microbiota, the presence of a defined, health-associated microbial community has been recognized. Within this community, -group streptococci, comprising the closely related and , together with , often predominate. Their ubiquitous and abundant nature reflects the evolution of these bacteria as highly effective colonizers of the oral cavity. Read More

J Microbiol 2019 Apr 22;57(4):310-315. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive bacterium commonly isolated in patients with refractory apical periodontitis, invades dentin tubules easily and forms biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms, which contribute to recurrent and/or chronic inflammatory diseases, are more resistant to antimicrobial agents than planktonic cells and easily avoid phagocytosis. Although Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (Lp. Read More

Microb Pathog 2019 Mar 6;128:215-229. Epub 2019 Jan 6.

Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: A reciprocal relationship between oral health and systemic disease, such as type 2 diabetes, has been suggested, whereby a systemic disease is a predisposing factor for oral infection. If the infection occurs, it in turn aggravates the progression of the systemic disease. According to several studies, certain constituents of the oral microbiota are linked to diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Read More

Clin Pract 2018 Oct 4;8(4):1102. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Dermatology, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Actinomycosis is a subacute or chronic suppurative bacterial infection which caused because of filamentous gram-positive, anaerobic to microaerophilic nonacid fast bacilli primarily of the genus that normally colonize the mouth, colon, and vagina. Primary cutaneous actinomycosis is a rare entity and is generally associated with trauma. A 61- year-old Yemeni male firstly presented to the surgical department in King Fahd Central Hospital with multiple swelling, petted lesions and boring of sensation in the right foot. Read More

Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018 Nov;48(6):751-756

Research Lab of Oral H. pylori, Everett, WA, USA

Goals: Over the past twenty years, the existence of oral () infection has been controversial and is still disputed. It proposes that living H. pylori do not exist in the oral cavity. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2019 Feb 1;81(2):274-278. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.

Five-day-old neonatal piglets presented with debilitation and ananastasia. At the necropsy of one piglet, the apex of the tongue was found to be discolored dark red, and disseminated white foci were found on the cut surface. Many white foci were also found in the lungs and on the serosa of the liver and spleen. Read More

Rev Chil Pediatr 2018 Oct;89(5):644-649

Unidad ECMO, Clínica Las Condes, Chile.

Introduction: Endocarditis is a rare disease in children, especially in those without previous heart disease, and Kingella Kingae (KK) is rarely identified as the cause. Extracorporeal membrane oxyge nation (ECMO) is a support for both heart and respiratory failure.

Objective: To report the first case of infectious endocarditis (IE) due to KK which required ECMO support secondary to refractory cardiogenic shock. Read More

Int J Gen Med 2018 28;11:451-456. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare International Ltd, Slough, Berkshire, UK,

Purpose: Pharyngitis is commonly caused by a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and symptoms typically include sore throat. Antibiotics are often inappropriately used for the treatment of pharyngitis, which can contribute to antimicrobial resistance, therefore non-antibiotic treatments which have broad antiseptic effects may be more appropriate. Amylmetacresol (AMC) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (DCBA) are present in some antiseptic lozenges and have established benefits in providing symptomatic relief and some in vitro antiviral action. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Dec 3;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis Hoofddorp, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands.

is a known pathogen in humans, mostly reported after animal bite incidents. Atraumatic infections have been described, especially in immunocompromised patients. A 20-year-old patient with a history of stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma with cavitating pulmonary lesions presented with a bilateral pneumonia. Read More

J Microbiol 2019 Jan 2;57(1):64-73. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Radiation Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Salmonella enterica is a major human pathogen that causes invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellosis (iNTS), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Although a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have reported on the feasibility of developing a safe and effective vaccine against iNTS, there have been no licensed Salmonella vaccines available to protect against NTS strains. Vaccine formulations of highest priority for NTS are live attenuated vaccines, which can elicit effective induction of intestinal mucosal and intracellular bacteria-specific cell mediated immune responses. Read More

Braz Oral Res 2018 Nov 29;32:e120. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

The present study aims to evaluate the longitudinal effects of induced experimental infections in gnotoxenic animals on the expression of inflammatory chemokines and their receptors in periradicular tissues. The null hypothesis tested was that Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum had no effect on CCR5, CCL5, CXCL10, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCR2 and CCR1 expression. Two groups of five animals (n = 5) aged between 8 and 12 weeks were used in this study. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018 Oct;64(10):928-935

Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, casilla 160 C, Concepción, Región del Biobío, Chile.

Background: There is evidence of detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the stool of newborns and in the yeast that colonizes the oral cavity of this age group. However, there is a lack of research to confirm it. Read More

J Innate Immun 2018 Nov 28:1-12. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Swedish Dental Service of Skåne, Lund, Sweden,

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse family of peptides that defend the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and other locations. Many AMPs have multiple functions and properties that influence aspects of innate defense and colonization by microorganisms. The human oral cavity is home to the second-most diverse microbiome, and the health of the mouth is influenced by the presence of these bacteria as well as by extrinsic factors such as periodontitis and smoking. Read More

Braz Dent J 2018 Jul-Aug;29(4):354-358

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Bauru Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial effect of a bioadhesive chitosan-based oral membrane with chlorhexidine for local treatment of infections in the oral tissues. Five oral membranes of different compositions were tested: 5% chitosan (G1); 5% chitosan ± 0.2% chlorhexidine (G2), 5% chitosan ± 0. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Feb;37(1):69-80

Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, 211 East Ontario - Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:

This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of common and "can't miss" infections of the oropharynx, including streptococcal pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and epiglottitis. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 11 15;115(48):12277-12282. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142;

Around one-quarter of bacterial diversity comprises a single radiation with reduced genomes, known collectively as the Candidate Phyla Radiation. Recently, we coisolated TM7x, an ultrasmall strain of the Candidate Phyla Radiation phylum Saccharibacteria, with its bacterial host s strain XH001 from human oral cavity and stably maintained as a coculture. Our current work demonstrates that within the coculture, TM7x cells establish a long-term parasitic association with host cells by infecting only a subset of the population, which stay viable yet exhibit severely inhibited cell division. Read More

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018 Oct 30;64(13):1-5. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic infectious agent involving the oral cavity and endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression ratio of efaA gene in biofilm producer E. faecalis before and after receiving acidic and alkali shocks. Read More

PLoS One 2018 5;13(11):e0207016. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Objective: We investigated the association between bacterial microbiota in breast milk and the infant mouth. The influence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection on infant oral microbiota was also assessed.

Material And Methods: Altogether 35 breast milk and 35 infant oral samples with known HPV status were selected from the Finnish Family HPV Study cohort. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2019 Feb 25;122:224-227. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0011, Wakayama, Japan.

We have tested here whether or not arginine, a well-known aggregation suppressor, is effective in removing bacterial cells, which may present a potential risk of accidental pneumonia infection in aged individuals, from the oral mucosal membranes. This is based on the ability of arginine to suppress protein-protein interaction and surface adsorption and increase the solubility of organic compounds. Twelve student volunteers were subjected to mouthwashes with saline, citrate buffer (pH 3. Read More

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Oct;53(10):681-687

Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.

To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nonequilibrium plasma against (Ef) biofilms and to obtain novel evidence of root canal disinfection with nonequilibrium plasma. Sterile cover slips and single-rooted canals were filled with Ef and incubated to form 1-week-old and 3-week-old biofilms, respectively. The infected samples were subjected to nonequilibrium plasma, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and saline for 3, 10 and 30 minutes, respectively. Read More

MBio 2018 10 30;9(5). Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

The keystone oral pathogen is associated with severe periodontitis. Intriguingly, this bacterium is known to secrete large amounts of an enzyme that converts peptidylarginine into citrulline residues. The present study was aimed at identifying possible functions of this citrullinating enzyme, named peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), in the periodontal environment. Read More

J Invasive Cardiol 2018 11;30(11):416-420

UC San Diego Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, 9434 Medical Center Drive #7844, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.

Objectives: Quantify and characterize bacterial contamination of lead aprons in a high-volume catheterization laboratory and evaluate the efficacy of decontamination using an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation system.

Background: Bacterial contamination and ineffective disinfection of personal protective equipment in medical centers pose potential health risks to patients and medical staff. The contamination burden of lead aprons and a reliable disinfection strategy are unknown. Read More

Braz Oral Res 2018 Oct 18;32(suppl 1):e69. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas -Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

Evidence shows the polymicrobial etiology of endodontic infections, in which bacteria and their products are the main agents for the development, progression, and dissemination of apical periodontitis. Microbial factors in necrotic root canals (e.g. Read More

Braz Oral Res 2018 Oct 18;32(suppl 1):e65. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Private practice, Cetraro, Italy.

Chemomechanical preparation is intended to clean, disinfect, and shape the root canal. This step is of utmost importance during treatment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis, because treatment outcome depends on how effectively the clinician eliminates bacteria, their products, and necrotic tissue that would serve as substrate for bacterial regrowth. Nonetheless, curvatures and complex internal anatomical variations of the root canal system can pose a high degree of difficulty in reaching these goals. Read More

NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018 10;4:23. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA.

Mucus is a biological gel that lines all wet epithelia in the body, including the mouth, lungs, and digestive tract, and has evolved to protect the body from pathogenic infection. However, microbial pathogenesis is often studied in mucus-free environments that lack the geometric constraints and microbial interactions in physiological three-dimensional mucus gels. We developed fluid-flow and static test systems based on purified mucin polymers, the major gel-forming constituents of the mucus barrier, to understand how the mucus barrier influences bacterial virulence, particularly the integrity of biofilms, which can become resistant to immune clearance and antimicrobial agents. Read More

PLoS One 2018 11;13(10):e0205534. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

Successful disinfection alongside complete endodontic tissue regeneration and revascularization are the most desired clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontics. Despite reported clinical successes, significant limitations to the current regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) have been elucidated. To improve the current REP, an antibiotics and nitric oxide (NO) releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel was developed. Read More

Arch Craniofac Surg 2018 Sep 20;19(3):222-226. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.

A 70-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary stent insertion visited our hospital 7 days after biting his lower lip. Swelling and inflammation had worsened despite debridement and antibiotic treatment. On the 8th hospital day, fungal infection with Candida albicans and superimposed bacterial infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae were found on tissue culture. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 10 2;115(42):10738-10743. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom;

γδ T cells are enriched at barrier sites such as the gut, skin, and lung, where their roles in maintaining barrier integrity are well established. However, how these cells contribute to homeostasis at the gingiva, a key oral barrier and site of the common chronic inflammatory disease periodontitis, has not been explored. Here we demonstrate that the gingiva is policed by γδ T cells with a T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire that diversifies during development. Read More

Int J Pharm 2018 Dec 29;552(1-2):206-216. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Eliminating the infection from root canals and periodontal tissues of human teeth as well as the repair of infected periodontal bone has been a great challenge. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) particles have been used for drug delivery due to their biodegradability, sustained drug release and nontoxic properties. As silver ions (Ag) exhibit strong antibacterial ability and calcium ions (Ca) are essential for hard tissue regeneration, the Ag and Ca were encapsulated into the PLGA particles to form AgCa-PLGA submicron particles. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 13;9:2003. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.

Outer membrane porins, as the major components of Gram-negative bacterial membrane proteins, have been proven to be involved in interactions with the host immune system and potent protective antigen candidates against bacterial infection in fish. Outer membrane porin F (OmpF) is one of the major porins of (), the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease of salmonid and non-salmonid fish. In the present study, the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of OmpF gene was studied, heterogenous expression, immunogenicity and protective immunity of OmpF were systemically evaluated as a subunit vaccine for channel catfish against infection. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 09 27;15(10). Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France.

In Martinique, snakebite, although relatively uncommon (~30 cases/year), may result in serious complications such as systemic thrombosis and local infections. Infections have been hypothesized to be related to bacteria present in the snake's oral cavity. In this investigation, we isolated, identified, and studied the susceptibility to beta-lactams of bacteria sampled from the oral cavity of twenty-six specimens collected from various areas in Martinique. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2018 Mar;57(1):91-95

Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Vukovar General Hospital, Vukovar, Croatia.

Helicobacter (H.) pylori is the cause of one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans. Risk factors for the development of laryngeal cancer are cigarette smoke, alcohol, and human papillomavirus. Read More

Otolaryngol Pol 2018 Aug;72(4):42-50

Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Klinice Otolaryngologii i Laryngologii Onkologicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi.

Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract and upper gastrointestinal tract (mouth and throat) are still the most common reason for reporting to the general practitioner or ENT specialist. Despite the fact that the most common causative agent of these diseases is a virus, antibiotics are still flavored in about 60-80% of patients who report to the doctor. In consensuses such as EPOS, WHO reports and other local/ / national reports, there is a need to limit antibacterial treatment for and to replace it with symptomatic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Read More

Morphologie 2018 Dec 13;102(339):250-254. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting with many different complications including soft tissue abnormalities in the oral cavity such as periodontitis and salivary and taste dysfunction. Previous studies also reported fungal and bacterial infections in oral cavity in these patients. This study aims to represent three dimentional morphologic ultrastructural changes of the diabetic rat tongue via scanning electron microscopy. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 09 13;9(1):3713. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.

The use of natural substance to ward off microbial infections has a long history. However, the large-scale production of natural extracts often reduces antibacterial potency, thus limiting practical applications. Here we present a strategy for converting natural organosulfur compounds into nano-iron sulfides that exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity. Read More

PLoS One 2018 7;13(9):e0202316. Epub 2018 Sep 7.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Background: Our previous study demonstrated that pediatricians prescribe antibiotics without proper clinical justification to patients with enterovirus infection, although antibiotics are not effective in treating the infections caused by these viruses. To improve the quality of healthcare, we aim to evaluate the association of clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and further to identify the determining factors for prescribing antibiotics to children experiencing enterovirus infection.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children who were hospitalized between January 2008 and December 2016 with a diagnosis of herpangina or hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 5;49(3):884-898. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

Background/aims: Periapical periodontitis is caused by bacterial infection and results in both one destruction and tooth loss. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein that participates in bone metabolism.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with chronic periapical periodontitis and 10 patients who had undergone the orthodontic removal of healthy tooth tissue (control) at the periodontal ligament were investigated, and an animal model of mouse periapical periodontitis was established for an in vivo analysis. Read More

J Endod 2018 Oct 31;44(10):1583-1592. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

This article describes 2 unusual cases of mucosal fenestration associated with necrotic infected teeth, resulting in exposure of the root apex to the oral cavity. Both cases consisted of maxillary incisors with pulp necrosis and radiographic/tomographic evidence of apical periodontitis. Clinically, the root apex was exposed to the oral cavity through a fenestration in both bone and mucosa and covered with bacterial plaque and calculus. Read More

PLoS One 2018 28;13(8):e0202791. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infections and Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan.

Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses various abilities to evade and disrupt host immune responses, by which it acts as an important periodontal pathogen. P. gingivalis produces outer membrane protein A (OmpA)-like proteins (OmpALPs), Pgm6 and Pgm7, as major O-linked glycoproteins, but their pathological roles in P. Read More

Infect Immun 2018 11 25;86(11). Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

The symptoms of infection (CDI) are attributed largely to two toxins, TcdA and TcdB. Significant efforts have been devoted to developing vaccines targeting both toxins through parenteral immunization routes. However, is an enteric pathogen, and mucosal/oral immunization would be particularly useful to protect the host against CDI, considering that the gut is the main site of disease onset and progression. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 Feb 23;48(2):263-273. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address:

The objectives of this systematic review were to investigate the efficacy of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for reducing the risk of postoperative infection after third molar surgery and to evaluate the adverse outcomes in these patients, as well as in healthy volunteers. A systematic search of four databases was performed on May 26, 2017. Eleven studies qualified for the qualitative analysis and eight were found suitable for meta-analysis. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Aug 23;19(9). Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.

Periodontal disease, a chronic disease caused by bacterial infection, eventually progresses to severe inflammation and bone loss. Regulating excessive inflammation of inflamed periodontal tissues is critical in treating periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) is primarily a connective tissue attachment between the root and alveolar bone. Read More