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J Microbiol 2018 Oct 2. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Radiation Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Salmonella enterica is a major human pathogen that causes invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellosis (iNTS), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Although a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have reported on the feasibility of developing a safe and effective vaccine against iNTS, there have been no licensed Salmonella vaccines available to protect against NTS strains. Vaccine formulations of highest priority for NTS are live attenuated vaccines, which can elicit effective induction of intestinal mucosal and intracellular bacteria-specific cell mediated immune responses. Read More

J Innate Immun 2018 Nov 28:1-12. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Swedish Dental Service of Skåne, Lund,

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse family of peptides that defend the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and other locations. Many AMPs have multiple functions and properties that influence aspects of innate defense and colonization by microorganisms. The human oral cavity is home to the second-most diverse microbiome, and the health of the mouth is influenced by the presence of these bacteria as well as by extrinsic factors such as periodontitis and smoking. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Feb;37(1):69-80

Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, 211 East Ontario - Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:

This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of common and "can't miss" infections of the oropharynx, including streptococcal pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and epiglottitis. Read More

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018 Oct 30;64(13):1-5. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic infectious agent involving the oral cavity and endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression ratio of efaA gene in biofilm producer E. faecalis before and after receiving acidic and alkali shocks. Read More

PLoS One 2018 5;13(11):e0207016. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Objective: We investigated the association between bacterial microbiota in breast milk and the infant mouth. The influence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection on infant oral microbiota was also assessed.

Material And Methods: Altogether 35 breast milk and 35 infant oral samples with known HPV status were selected from the Finnish Family HPV Study cohort. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Oct 25;122:224-227. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0011, Wakayama, Japan.

We have tested here whether or not arginine, a well-known aggregation suppressor, is effective in removing bacterial cells, which may present a potential risk of accidental pneumonia infection in aged individuals, from the oral mucosal membranes. This is based on the ability of arginine to suppress protein-protein interaction and surface adsorption and increase the solubility of organic compounds. Twelve student volunteers were subjected to mouthwashes with saline, citrate buffer (pH 3. Read More

J Invasive Cardiol 2018 Nov;30(11):416-420

UC San Diego Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, 9434 Medical Center Drive #7844, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.

Objectives: Quantify and characterize bacterial contamination of lead aprons in a high-volume catheterization laboratory and evaluate the efficacy of decontamination using an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation system.

Background: Bacterial contamination and ineffective disinfection of personal protective equipment in medical centers pose potential health risks to patients and medical staff. The contamination burden of lead aprons and a reliable disinfection strategy are unknown. Read More

Braz Oral Res 2018 Oct 18;32(suppl 1):e69. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas -Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

Evidence shows the polymicrobial etiology of endodontic infections, in which bacteria and their products are the main agents for the development, progression, and dissemination of apical periodontitis. Microbial factors in necrotic root canals (e.g. Read More

Braz Oral Res 2018 Oct 18;32(suppl 1):e65. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Private practice, Cetraro, Italy.

Chemomechanical preparation is intended to clean, disinfect, and shape the root canal. This step is of utmost importance during treatment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis, because treatment outcome depends on how effectively the clinician eliminates bacteria, their products, and necrotic tissue that would serve as substrate for bacterial regrowth. Nonetheless, curvatures and complex internal anatomical variations of the root canal system can pose a high degree of difficulty in reaching these goals. Read More

NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018 10;4:23. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA.

Mucus is a biological gel that lines all wet epithelia in the body, including the mouth, lungs, and digestive tract, and has evolved to protect the body from pathogenic infection. However, microbial pathogenesis is often studied in mucus-free environments that lack the geometric constraints and microbial interactions in physiological three-dimensional mucus gels. We developed fluid-flow and static test systems based on purified mucin polymers, the major gel-forming constituents of the mucus barrier, to understand how the mucus barrier influences bacterial virulence, particularly the integrity of biofilms, which can become resistant to immune clearance and antimicrobial agents. Read More

Arch Craniofac Surg 2018 Sep 20;19(3):222-226. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.

A 70-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary stent insertion visited our hospital 7 days after biting his lower lip. Swelling and inflammation had worsened despite debridement and antibiotic treatment. On the 8th hospital day, fungal infection with Candida albicans and superimposed bacterial infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae were found on tissue culture. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 10 2;115(42):10738-10743. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom;

γδ T cells are enriched at barrier sites such as the gut, skin, and lung, where their roles in maintaining barrier integrity are well established. However, how these cells contribute to homeostasis at the gingiva, a key oral barrier and site of the common chronic inflammatory disease periodontitis, has not been explored. Here we demonstrate that the gingiva is policed by γδ T cells with a T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire that diversifies during development. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 13;9:2003. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.

Outer membrane porins, as the major components of Gram-negative bacterial membrane proteins, have been proven to be involved in interactions with the host immune system and potent protective antigen candidates against bacterial infection in fish. Outer membrane porin F (OmpF) is one of the major porins of (), the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease of salmonid and non-salmonid fish. In the present study, the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of OmpF gene was studied, heterogenous expression, immunogenicity and protective immunity of OmpF were systemically evaluated as a subunit vaccine for channel catfish against infection. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2018 Mar;57(1):91-95

Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Vukovar General Hospital, Vukovar, Croatia.

Helicobacter (H.) pylori is the cause of one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans. Risk factors for the development of laryngeal cancer are cigarette smoke, alcohol, and human papillomavirus. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 5;49(3):884-898. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

Background/aims: Periapical periodontitis is caused by bacterial infection and results in both one destruction and tooth loss. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein that participates in bone metabolism.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with chronic periapical periodontitis and 10 patients who had undergone the orthodontic removal of healthy tooth tissue (control) at the periodontal ligament were investigated, and an animal model of mouse periapical periodontitis was established for an in vivo analysis. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 Aug 22. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address:

The objectives of this systematic review were to investigate the efficacy of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for reducing the risk of postoperative infection after third molar surgery and to evaluate the adverse outcomes in these patients, as well as in healthy volunteers. A systematic search of four databases was performed on May 26, 2017. Eleven studies qualified for the qualitative analysis and eight were found suitable for meta-analysis. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Aug 23;19(9). Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.

Periodontal disease, a chronic disease caused by bacterial infection, eventually progresses to severe inflammation and bone loss. Regulating excessive inflammation of inflamed periodontal tissues is critical in treating periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) is primarily a connective tissue attachment between the root and alveolar bone. Read More

J Microbiol 2018 Sep 23;56(9):673-682. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Medicine and Nutrition, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 37670, Mexico.

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with different metabolic diseases as well as alterations in immune cell function. It is characterized by a chronic systemic low grade inflammation. There are several studies demonstrating the influence of obesity on the impaired immune response to infection. Read More

ScientificWorldJournal 2018 4;2018:4757458. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

GI Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Irene, Pretoria 0062, South Africa.

Oral and skin infections contribute significantly to the global health challenges responsible for the current trend of increased morbidity and premature death. The purpose of this study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of oral and skin infections in Ebem-Ohafia Local Government Area (LGA), Abia State, and to characterize the antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) profiling of ten of the selected folklore medicine was carried out using a various solvent system of different polarity index. Read More

Med Microbiol Immunol 2018 Nov 28;207(5-6):329-338. Epub 2018 Jul 28.

Oral Microbiology, Institute of Dentistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is covalently incorporated into bacterial surface structures, contributing to host mimicry and promoting adhesion to surfaces. Our aims were to determine the frequency of ChoP display among Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains, to clarify which surface structures bear ChoP, and whether ChoP-positivity relates to serum killing. The tested oral (N = 67) and blood isolates (N = 27) represented 6 serotypes. Read More

J Orthop Translat 2018 Jul 27;14:57-62. Epub 2018 Jun 27.

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.

Background: Surgical masks (SMs) are used to reduce bacterial shedding from the mouth, nose and face. This study aimed to investigate whether SMs may be a potential source of bacterial shedding leading to an increased risk of surgical site infection.

Methods: Bacterial contamination of the SMs was tested by making an impression of the external surface of the mask on sterile culture media immediately. Read More

Microbiol Immunol 2018 Sep 4;62(9):554-566. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.

Prevotella melaninogenica is a gram-negative anaerobic commensal bacterium that resides in the human oral cavity and is isolated as a pathogen of suppurative diseases both inside and outside the mouth. However, little is known about the pathogenic factors of P. melaninogenica. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2018 Jul/Aug;33(4):853-862

Purpose: The objective of this investigation was to assess the microbiologic contamination in the inner surface of titanium implants prior to prosthetic abutment placement.

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of partially edentulous individuals who had previously received at least one internal hexagon titanium dental implant. A bacterial sample of the inner surface of the individual dental implant was taken after surgical reopening for healing abutment placement. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Jul 16;8(1):10713. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an aetiological agent responsible for seasonal epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, which causes considerable mortality among young children. Mucosal vaccines can efficiently induce secretory IgA at mucosal surfaces and thereby prevent or limit infection at the site of virus entry. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which resemble bacterial DNA, can induce the innate immune response through activation of Toll-like receptor 9. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2018 Jul 10;132(7):611-614. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery,Zealand University Hospital,Køge,Denmark.

Objective: Bacterial infection is a common finding in acute sialadenitis and may play a role in the chronicity of the condition. This study investigated if bacterial biofilm is present in submandibular chronic obstructive sialadenitis.

Methods: A descriptive case-control study was conducted that compared 10 histological sections of submandibular glands with chronic obstructive sialadenitis, to 10 histological sections of the healthy part of submandibular glands with pleomorphic adenoma. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Jul 6;19(7). Epub 2018 Jul 6.

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.

Oral infections occur frequently in humans and often lead to chronic inflammations affecting the teeth (i.e., caries), the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth (i. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jul;97(27):e11260

Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine Sibiu.

Rationale: Streptococcus viridans, a heterogeneous group of alpha-hemolytic streptococci, is part of the normal flora of the mouth, usually responsible for dental caries (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis), and pericoronitis, as well as for subacute infective endocarditis. They are responsible for 40-60% of the endocarditis cases occurring on the normal valves, especially in male patients and over 45 years of age. A change in the bacterial flora of the oral cavity is taking part after orthodontic fixed appliances are introduced into the oral cavity, change that is associated with an increased concentration of the acidogenic bacteria. Read More

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2018 Apr-Jun;36(2):191-197

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Objectives: To evaluate the aerobic and anaerobic antimicrobial efficacy of Ocimum Sanctum (Tulsi) essential oil and compare it with that of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) by collecting microbiological samples from the root canals of primary molars.

Study Design: Forty children were selected for the study and were randomly divided into two groups of twenty each, namely, TAP group and O. sanctum group (basil). Read More

Drug Deliv 2018 Nov;25(1):1504-1515

a Department of Otolaryngology and Ophtalmology , Prof. Stanislaw Popowski Voivoid Children Hospital Department of Head and Neck Surgery - Maxillofacial Surgery , Zołnierska , Olsztyn , Poland.

Along with the development of nanotechnological strategies for biomaterials associated with the prevention of infections, a myriad of clinically unproven techniques have been described to date. In this work, the aim was to perform a critical analysis of the literature available concerning antibacterial biomaterials for oral implantology and to provide a practical derivation for such a purpose. As anti-adhesive strategies may affect osseointegration, they should no longer be recommended for inclusion in this class of biomaterials, despite promising results in biomedical engineering for other, non-bone load bearing organs. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Jun 28;8(1):9787. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

We investigated the association between HPV infection and bacterial microbiota composition in the placenta, uterine cervix and mouth in thirty-nine women. HPV DNA genotyping of 24 types was conducted using Multimetrix. Microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Read More

PLoS One 2018 25;13(6):e0199676. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Periodontal disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed oral diseases in dogs and can result from undisturbed dental plaque. Dental prophylaxis is a routinely practiced veterinary procedure, but its effects on both the plaque and oral microbiota is not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of dental prophylaxis on the composition of the supragingival plaque and composite oral microbiota in clinically healthy dogs and to determine if composite sampling could be used in lieu of sampling the plaque microbiota directly. Read More

J Vis Exp 2018 05 31(135). Epub 2018 May 31.

Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh;

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the best developed model systems of infection and innate immunity. While most work has focused on systemic infections, there has been a recent increase of interest in the mechanisms of gut immunocompetence to pathogens, which require methods to orally infect flies. Here we present a protocol to orally expose individual flies to an opportunistic bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a natural bacterial pathogen of D. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 06 8;9(1):2234. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.

The origin of Yersinia pestis and the early stages of its evolution are fundamental subjects of investigation given its high virulence and mortality that resulted from past pandemics. Although the earliest evidence of Y. pestis infections in humans has been identified in Late Neolithic/Bronze Age Eurasia (LNBA 5000-3500y BP), these strains lack key genetic components required for flea adaptation, thus making their mode of transmission and disease presentation in humans unclear. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 6;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Pediatric Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.

Lipschütz ulcers (LU) are non-sexually related genital ulcers, rarely reported. We describe a healthy 11-year-old girl, who presented with fever and a painful vulvar ulcer associated with erythematous tonsillitis. Throat swab test for Group A Streptococcus (GAS) was positive. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 30;2018. Epub 2018 May 30.

Radiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia.

Descending necrotising mediastinitis (DNM) is an uncommon clinical entity which may arise secondary to primary odontogenic or neck infection in susceptible patients. Infection may spread contiguously via the alar or 'danger' space, a potential anatomical space posterior to the true retropharyngeal space. Spread of infection to the mediastinum almost always necessitates urgent cardiothoracic surgical intervention. Read More

Wounds 2018 May;30(5):E57-E59

Introduction: Cats can transmit bacterial infections to humans through biting and scratching. Streptococcal infections in wounds caused by cat bites or scratches rarely have been reported in the literature.

Case Report: The case of severe streptococcal skin infection after a 2-day-old cat scratch of the right arm, elbow, and forearm in a 68-year-old woman is presented herein. Read More

Viruses 2018 05 29;10(6). Epub 2018 May 29.

Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.

is a commensal opportunistic pathogen found in the intestine, mouth, and vaginal tract of humans. As an invasive pathogen in the oral cavity, is one of the leading causes of periapical endodontic lesions. However, due to the strong biofilm-forming capacity and tolerance of to conventional antibiotics and treatments, limited therapeutic options are available. Read More

Molecules 2018 May 23;23(6). Epub 2018 May 23.

Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.

Nanogels are drug delivery systems that can bypass the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs to the desired site when administered intranasally. They have been used as a drug delivery platform for the management of brain diseases such as Alzheimer disease, migraine, schizophrenia and depression. nanogels have also been developed as vaccine carriers for the protection of bacterial infections such as influenza, meningitis, pneumonia and as veterinary vaccine carriers for the protection of animals from encephalomyelitis and mouth to foot disease. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(5):e0196967. Epub 2018 May 17.

Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Peri-implant infections are the most common cause of implant failure in modern dental implantology. These are caused by the formation of biofilms on the implant surface and consist of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria, which harm adjacent soft and hard tissues and may ultimately lead to implant loss. In order to improve the clinical situation, there has to be a better understanding of biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Jul 15;35(4):e210-e211. Epub 2018 May 15.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Oral mucoceles are lesions arising mainly from the minor salivary glands and are thought to occur after excretory duct trauma. We report a case of multiple superficial oral mucoceles on a child's labial mucosa after Mycoplasma pneumoniae mucositis. Mucoceles can mimic persistent or recurrent stomatitis and lead to potential errors in management. Read More

Respir Investig 2018 Jul 10;56(4):356-360. Epub 2018 May 10.

Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive procedure with a high diagnostic yield in lesions adjacent to the airways. However, complications associated with EBUS-TBNA, such as mediastinitis, have recently been reported. Oral bacteria contamination in punctured lymph nodes can cause severe infections. Read More

Life Sci 2018 Jul 12;205:125-130. Epub 2018 May 12.

Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

Aim: This study was aimed to identify the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) genes in oral mucosa and find out their relationship between oral H. pylori infection and gastric complications. Read More

J Periodontol 2018 Aug;89(8):995-1002

Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: The aim of this split-mouth design pilot study in dogs was to assess microbiologic effects of two topical anti-infective treatment protocols on dental implants subjected to ligature-induced peri-implantitis, without use of systemic antibiotics.

Methods: Eight adult Beagle dogs each received four dental implants in contralateral, edentulated, mandibular jaw quadrants. After 8 weeks, silk ligatures were installed, to be removed after another 8 weeks. Read More

Indian Heart J 2018 Mar - Apr;70(2):225-232. Epub 2017 Jul 1.

Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Latur, 413 531, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address:

Objectives: To evaluate the role of periodontitis in viridans group streptococci (VGS) bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE).

Methods: A total of 200 subjects including two groups. Group A- 34 subjects undergoing tooth extraction with periodontitis, 46 subjects undergoing tooth extraction without periodontitis and 40 healthy controls. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Jun 27;22:227-232. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Background: It has clearly been demonstrated that Enterococcus faecalis, as a persistent microorganism, is the major agent in the etiopatogeny of endodontic infections. Recently, the limitations of conventional endodontic therapy have given rise to many attempts to introduce antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an alternative treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the ex vivo effect of aPDT in combination with 2. Read More

Acta Med Indones 2018 Jan;50(1):80-81

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Hasan Sadikin Hospita, Bandung, Indonesia.

Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-positive bacterium producing a dark violet antioxidant pigment called violacein. It is an opportunistic pathogen and has an ubiquitous distribution, mainly resides in water and soil of tropical and subtropical regions.An-18-year-old man referred to the emergency room with a 5-day history of progressively worsening swelling of the right cheek. Read More

Prev Vet Med 2018 Jun 27;154:102-112. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

CEN, Centre for Earth System Research and Sustainability Institute for Geography, University of Hamburg Bundesstraße 5520146 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.

Given the shortage and non-availability of freshwater in Pakistan, wastewater is being used for bathing water buffaloes; however, this has a negative impact on animal welfare. Although there is a vast literature on indirect linkages between wastewater and animal productivity, studies focusing on the direct impacts of water buffaloes bathing in wastewater on animal productivity and economic losses are rare. Therefore, using 360 domestic water buffalo farms, this study examines the expenditure and production losses associated with bathing (in wastewater and freshwater) and non-bathing water buffaloes by employing partial budgeting and resource adjustment component techniques. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2018 Apr 11;7(1):64. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Campylobacter concisus is an oral bacterium that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). C. concisus consists of two genomospecies (GS) and diverse strains. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018 Aug;85(2):398-405

From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (E.T.I.), Biruni University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics (E.R.), University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL; Shark Research Institute (E.R.), Global Shark Attack File, Princeton, NJ.

The mouth of a shark is a breeding ground for a large variety of bacteria which can easily get transferred onto a human body in the event of a shark bite. Here, we review infections originating from shark oral bacterial flora, which originate from the microbiome of its prey, as well as from the surroundings where an incident takes place. We use the example of an incident which occurred in an aquarium involving a sandtiger shark, Carcharias taurus. Read More

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2018 Jan-Mar;36(1):97-100

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Osteomyelitis of mandible, if it affects the neonate presents as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Symptoms and signs are often non-specific, and the consequences of a missed diagnosis could lead to long-lasting functional limitations. A rare case of a 52 days old infant with osteomyelitis of the mandible following natal tooth extraction is presented in this report. Read More