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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022 Jun;26(11):4016-4027

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China.

Objective: The current review was designed to assess the efficacy of amoxicillin (AMX) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMX-CLA) for reducing infection rates after third molar surgery.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of AMX/AMX-CLA for infection control after third molar surgery.

Results: 13 RCTs were included. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2021 Dec 1;22(12):1444-1450. Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Aim: To assess knowledge and practices of some Egyptian pediatric dentists and pediatric cardiologists/cardiac surgeons regarding prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) from oral origin in children.

Materials And Methods: Pediatric dentists or pediatric cardiologists/cardiac surgeons having their practice in Egypt were conveniently selected. An online questionnaire was constructed for each specialty practitioner in English using a web-based platform. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 05 23;19(10). Epub 2022 May 23.

School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Healthcare Foundation Trust, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7ET, UK.

Gingivitis is an extremely common oral inflammatory condition and can be induced in humans using an acute 21-day experimental gingivitis model. Neutrophils are known to be highly prevalent in the gingival crevice during gingival inflammation; however, the effect of gingivitis and the associated biofilm on peripheral blood neutrophils (PBN) is not well characterised. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of inflammation induced by experimental gingivitis and its resolution upon the function of PBN. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 May 19;12(1):8489. Epub 2022 May 19.

Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique et Aux Énergies Renouvelables, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.

Primary infection with herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) occurring around the mouth and nose switches rapidly to lifelong latent infection in sensitive trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons. Sporadic reactivation of these latent reservoirs later in life is the cause of acute infections of the corneal epithelium, which can cause potentially blinding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). There is no effective vaccine to protect against HSK, and antiviral drugs provide only partial protection against recurrences. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2022 Mar;34(3):315-316

School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Ventilators are currently the most commonly used auxiliary mechanical ventilation equipment in clinical practice, and play an important role in the treatment of hypoxemia. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a special type of pulmonary parenchymal inflammation of nosocomial infection in patients with mechanical ventilation, which leads the increase of mortality and affects the prognosis of patients. The non-standard management of ventilator pipeline joints and the aerosol formed by bacterial condensate splashed from ventilator pipeline pollute the air, resulting in cross infection, which are the important reasons for VAP. Read More

Microb Pathog 2022 Jun 12;167:105566. Epub 2022 May 12.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. Electronic address:

Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is a pathogen that can infect aquatic organisms and mammals and has caused irrecoverable economic losses to the aquaculture industry. The results of an epidemiological investigation showed that the number of cases of A. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 6;15(5). Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

A man in his 60s, with a medical history of gout, underwent total knee arthroplasty of his right knee followed by expeditious rehabilitation. Seven months after surgery, he was referred to the emergency ward with sudden onset of pain and swelling of his right knee accompanied with fever. Further inquiry revealed no trauma, infection or skin lesions besides a tongue bite several weeks earlier. Read More

ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022 05 27;5(5):2135-2142. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100191, China.

Conventional methods used to control bacterial biofilm infection in root canals have poor efficacy, causing repeated and chronic infections, which pose a great challenge to clinical treatment. Microbubbles, due to their small size and ultrasound (US)-enhanced cavitation effects, have attracted considerable clinical attention. They possess the potential for therapeutic application in restricted spaces. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2022 Apr 12;18(1):137. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico.

Background: Bacterial infections are responsible of high economic losses in aquaculture. Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) is a threatened native trout species that has been introduced in aquaculture both for species conservation and breeding for production and for which no studies of bacterial infections have been reported.

Case Presentation: Fish from juvenile stages of Mexican golden trout showed an infectious outbreak in a farm in co-culture with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), showing external puntiform red lesions around the mouth and caudal pedunculus resembling furuncles by Aeromonas spp. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 03 31;19(7). Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different oral antibiotics for prevention of dry socket and infection in adults following the surgical extraction of teeth under LA.

Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted from 10 September 2020 until 10 May 2021. Forty-six patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Read More

J Vis Exp 2022 03 24(181). Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University;

Invasive Candida albicans infection is a significant opportunistic fungal infection in humans because it is one of the most common colonizers of the gut, mouth, vagina, and skin. Despite the availability of antifungal medication, the mortality rate of invasive candidiasis remains ~50%. Unfortunately, the incidence of drug-resistant C. Read More

J Periodontol 2022 Mar 28. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

Aims: Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is an antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory innate immunity protein activated during infections. We aimed to investigate whether PGYLRP1 and associated molecules of the immune response in saliva is a cumulative outcome results of both MI and periodontal inflammation.

Methods And Results: Two hundred patients with MI and another 200 matched non-MI controls were included. Read More

Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022 Mar;53(2):214-219

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Gingival epithelial barrier is the first line of defense of periodontal tissues against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The destruction of gingival epithelial barrier is closely related to the development of periodontal disease. Studies have shown that periodontal pathogenic bacteria and their inflammatory microenvironment can inhibit the expression of gingival epithelial junctional proteins via molecular mechanisms such as the downregulation of the expression of grainyhead-like protein family and the upregulation of the methylation level of gene promoter of epithelial connexin, and thus cause damage to the gingival epithelial barrier and the development of periodontitis. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Mar 13;23(6). Epub 2022 Mar 13.

Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.

Currently, aquaculture production of rainbow trout () is a multibillion dollar industry; nevertheless, the development of this sector has not been exempt from pitfalls related to the recurrent presence of pathogens of bacterial origin. This is the case of , the etiologic agent of the infectious pathology known as Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM), causing serious economic losses that can be as high as 30-70% of production. Although several studies have been performed regarding pathogen features and virulence factors, more information is needed about the host defense mechanism activation after infection. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Mar 11;23(6). Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

The effect of bacterial infection on the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) was investigated in periodontal cells and tissues, and the actions of ghrelin were evaluated. GHS-R was assessed in periodontal tissues of rats with and without periodontitis. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to in the presence and absence of ghrelin. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Mar 13;11(3). Epub 2022 Mar 13.

Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a potential complication in surgical procedures, mainly because clean/contaminated surgery involves organs that are normally colonized by bacteria. Dental, maxillo-facial and ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgeries are among those that carry a risk of SSIs because the mouth and the first respiratory tracts are normally colonized by a bacterial flora. The aim of this consensus document was to provide clinicians with recommendations on surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in neonates (<28 days of chronological age) and pediatric patients (within the age range of 29 days-18 years) undergoing dental, maxillo-facial or ENT surgical procedures. Read More

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2022 Feb 28;22(1):134-137. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Department of Radiology, Rustaq Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rustaq, Oman.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart endocardium with significant morbidity and mortality. Gram negative infection, particularly emphysematous IE, is an extremely rare and life-threatening disease. We report a 59-year-old diabetic female patient who was admitted to a secondary care hospital in Rustaq, Oman, in 2017 with the diagnosis of pneumonia for which she was started on antibiotics. Read More

J Microbiol Methods 2022 04 11;195:106448. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Nanomaterial research laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India. Electronic address:

Leptospirosis is an emerging public health problem affecting people mainly from tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and sensitive tests for proper and prompt treatment. Recently we have demonstrated Carbo-Lip probe, which was fabricated through immuno recognition method with fluorescent dye functionalized LipL32 monoclonal antibodies, secondary antibody and Leptospira for rapid and accurate diagnosis. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2022 Apr 7;10(2):e0209721. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.

Senecavirus A (SVA) infection induces inflammation in animals, such as fever, diarrhea, vesicles and erosions, and even death. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a pivotal role in inflammatory responses to combat microbes. Although SVA infection can produce inflammatory clinical symptoms, the modulation of IL-1β production by SVA infection remains unknown at present. Read More

Periodontol 2000 2022 06 4;89(1):19-40. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor of gram-negative bacteria with a crucial importance to the bacterial surface integrity. From the host's perspective, lipopolysaccharide plays a role in both local and systemic inflammation, activates both innate and adaptive immunity, and can trigger inflammation either directly (as a microbe-associated molecular pattern) or indirectly (by inducing the generation of nonmicrobial, danger-associated molecular patterns). Translocation of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation causes endotoxemia, which is typically measured as the biological activity of lipopolysaccharide to induce coagulation of an aqueous extract of blood cells of the assay. Read More

J Mater Chem B 2022 04 6;10(14):2384-2429. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

CNC - Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, CIBB - Centro de Inovação em Biomedicina e Biotecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

The multifunctional properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) make them attractive candidates for the treatment of various diseases. AMPs are considered as alternatives to antibiotics due to the increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, bare AMPs have limited therapeutic potentials due to a low residence time in the blood circulatory system and susceptibility to proteases and an alkaline wound environment. Read More

BMC Oral Health 2022 03 2;22(1):48. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, #12 Qi Xiang Tai Road, He Ping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.

Background: Cracked teeth may cause various clinical symptoms depending on the extension depth of the crack and the subsequent bacterial infections. However, techniques to reliably determine the extension depths of cracks in teeth before treatment are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a new technique based on contrast-enhanced cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to improve the accuracy of crack depth evaluation in vitro. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2022 Jun 2;26(6):4467-4478. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Medicine and Surgery Program, PhD School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.

Objective: To determine the effect of clindamycin in the prevention of infection after oral surgery.

Material And Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA statement, the PICO-framework and included only randomized controlled clinical trials. In all studies clindamycin was administered to prevent infections in patients who underwent oral surgery. Read More

J Immunol Res 2022 18;2022:6839356. Epub 2022 Feb 18.

Chondrex, Inc., Woodinville, WA 98072, USA.

Intestinal bacterial compositions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been reported to be different from those of healthy people. Dysbiosis, imbalance of the microbiota, is widely known to cause gut barrier damage, resulting in an influx of bacteria and their substances into host bloodstreams in animal studies. However, few studies have investigated the effect of bacterial substances on the pathophysiology of RA. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2022 Jun 26;26(6):4575-4586. Epub 2022 Feb 26.

Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.

Objective: The persistence of pathogenic microorganisms in root canals is the most common reason for the failure of root canal treatment and the necessity of a root filling treatment, which results in an uncertain prognosis due to technical complexity and the variety of highly adaptable microorganisms. This study evaluated the effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on the outcome of the microbial analysis of root canal-treated teeth with persistent or recurrent apical inflammation in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Sample collection was performed after root filling removal (sample S1, control group) and after PUI with NaCl (sample S2) using sterile paper points. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 Jan 21;10(2). Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Université de Paris, Inserm, IAME, UMR1137, F-75006 Paris, France.

() is an oropharyngeal commensal agent of toddlers and the primary cause of osteoarticular infections in 6-23-month-old children. Knowing that the oropharynx of young children is the reservoir and the portal of entry of , these results suggested that a viral infection may promote infection. In this narrative review, we report the current knowledge of the concomitance between and viral infections. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2022 02 16;10(1):e0097421. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, Himeji City, Hyogo, Japan.

Pulmonary abscesses and pyothorax are bacterial infections believed to be caused primarily by oral microbes. However, past reports addressing such infections have not provided genetic evidence and lack accuracy, as they used samples that had passed through the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetically identical bacterial strains exist in both the oral microbiota and pus specimens that were obtained percutaneously from pulmonary abscesses and pyothorax, without oral contamination. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022 Feb;54(1):68-76

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of pathogen infection and to establish a prediction model of infections in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgery with free flap reconstruction.

Methods: The retrospective cohort study consisted of 1 596 patients undergoing tumor resection and free flap reconstruction for oral squamous cell carcinoma from January 2018 to December 2020. According to the postoperative infection, the patients were divided into the infected group (=154) and non-infected group (=1 442). Read More

Psychiatr Danub 2021 Dec;33(Suppl 13):247-254

Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,

Background: Although it was previously shown that prolonged prophylactic antibiotic exposure and multiple inadequate antibiotic therapies are independent risk factors for multidrug-resistant ventilator associated pneumonia there were no studies investigating whether pre-operative prophylactic dose of antibiotics changes oral microbiome and increases the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia. The aim of the study was to determine if pre-operative prophylactic dose of antibiotics affects the oral microbiome, increases the colonization with Gram-negative bacteria and subsequent risk of ventilator associated pneumonia.

Subjects And Methods: Mechanically ventilated adult patients receiving surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were included in the study. Read More

Genome Med 2022 02 9;14(1):13. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.

Background: Bacteria belonging to the genus Haemophilus cause a wide range of diseases in humans. Recently, H. influenzae was classified by the WHO as priority pathogen due to the wide spread of ampicillin resistant strains. Read More