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Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2021 Jun;128(6):311-316

A 50-year-old woman presented at the outpatient clinic of the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with a severe swelling around the left eye 1 week after removal of the second molar in the upper jaw. Despite administration of antibiotics 2 days after the removal of the molar because of periorbital swelling, the inflammation spread to the intraorbital space with eventual loss of the left eye. Timely recognition of the symptoms of (the onset of) an orbital infection after dental treatment and immediate referral to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon and/or ophthalmologist for adequate treatment can be vision-saving. Read More

Compend Contin Educ Dent 2021 Mar;42(3):144

Private Practice, London, England.

During this pandemic the importance of oral health and its connection to systemic health-as well as maintaining dental visits-must be emphasized to patients and the public. Oral hygiene must be sustained, if not improved, in order to reduce bacterial load in the mouth and, therefore, the potential risk of bacterial superinfection. Read More

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021 05;25(5):340-349

Department of Clinical Research, ICMR, NIRT, Chennai, India.

Diseases due to pathogenic mycobacteria cause significant health and economic impact on humans worldwide. Although mycobacterial diseases primarily affect the lungs, the involvement of extrapulmonary organs has also gained ground, particularly among individuals with co-existing medical conditions. Besides complex organisms, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are also known to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. Read More

Risk Anal 2021 May 9. Epub 2021 May 9.

Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Bacteria are commonly found in soil and may cause health risks to children playing in the outdoor playgrounds with soil, mainly via hand to mouth and pica behaviors. Our study concerned with the risk analysis of infection of a child playing in urban playgrounds in the cities of Patras and Pyrgos in Greece. The presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed in soil samples of these playgrounds. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 May 5;21(1):422. Epub 2021 May 5.

Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n- Ciudad Universitaria, ZP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.

Background: HPV and C.trachomatis are the most prevalent, viral and bacterial STI worldwide. Both commonly have an asymptomatic development and can evolve into a persistent infection which, added to coinfections, may be important cofactors for the oncogenic transformation. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Jun 4;773:145619. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, China. Electronic address:

Background: Previous studies have suggested acute effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution on respiratory health among children, but evidence for PM constituents and respiratory health were still limited.

Objectives: To investigate associations of short-term exposure to PM and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and airway microbiota in children.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal panel study with 3 repeated health measurements among 62 children in Shanghai, China from November 2018 to June 2019. Read More

Pediatr Dent 2021 Mar;43(2):102-110

Dr. Ulger is an associate professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.

Differences in the endodontic microbiome of permanent and primary teeth during the mixed dentition period are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine bacterial diversity in endodontically infected primary and permanent teeth using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the QIIME 2 (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2) bioinformatics pipeline. Microbial samples from endodontically infected primary ( equals 15) and permanent ( equals 15) maxillary or mandibular molar teeth were subjected to next-generation sequencing analysis based on examination of the hypervariable V3 to V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Read More

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):67-73

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, Karnataka, India.

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent posteruptive bacterial infections worldwide, characterized by a progressive demineralization process that affects the mineralized dental tissues. Although the decline of dental caries prevalence can be attributed to the widespread use of dentifrices that contain fluoride, yet there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice. Yet, there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice. Read More

Wiad Lek 2021 ;74(1):39-42

UKRAINIAN MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL ACADEMY, POLTAVA, UKRAINE.

Objective: The aim: The purpose of the study is to characterize the influence of quantitative and qualitative composition of gingival microbiota on the status of the main immune system cells, localized in the gums, in chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis in children.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The study involved 26 children aged 9 to 16 years, patients with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis mild to moderate severity (CGCG) and 18 children with intact gums were comparison group. We determined the hygienic indices Fedorov, has been received, Silness-Loe, PMA, bleeding index for Myuleman and intensity of caries index CFD + cf, CFD. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 18;9:544192. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.

The lactobacillus-rich microbiome forms a defense system against infections. Babies are born sterile and acquire their microbiome from exposure to the mothers' vaginal and rectal microbiota. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is characterized by a deficit of the Lactobacilli genera, may predispose women and their babies to an increased frequency of illness. Read More

J Inflamm Res 2021 26;14:1145-1163. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China.

Inflammation refers to the response of the immune system to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, or other foreign particles in the body, which can involve the production of a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators. It is important for the development of many RNA virus-infected diseases. The primary factors through which the infection becomes inflammation involve inflammasome. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 2;22(5). Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been successfully applied in several areas due to their significant antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. In dentistry, AgNP can be applied in disinfection, prophylaxis, and prevention of infections in the oral cavity. In this work, the use of silver nanoparticles in dentistry and associated technological innovations was analyzed. Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2021 May 31;25(5):2537-2544. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Oral Health Sciences, Population Studies in Oral Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7/a-box 7001, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess (1) whether systemic antibiotics are beneficial or harmful in healthy children who present with an odontogenic abscess in the primary dentition with or without systemic involvement and (2) if antibiotics are beneficial, which type, dosage and duration are the most effective.

Materials And Methods: Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were screened from 1948 up to August 2020. No filters with respect to study design were applied. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Mar;49(3):3000605211002695

Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Over the past several decades, studies have demonstrated the existence of bi-directional relationships between periodontal disease and systemic conditions. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial and multifactorial disease involving both host and environmental factors. Tissue destruction is primarily associated with hyperresponsiveness of the host resulting in release of inflammatory mediators. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Mar 19;22:e929553. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, MA, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Parotitis is an inflammation of the parotid gland, which can be caused by factors including infection, radiation, and hyposalivation secondary to systemic conditions, such as Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, or medication. Bacterial parotitis is a rare complication that can be observed in patients with hyposalivation. However, it is also observed in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2021 Mar 18;70(3). Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Oral tissues are generally homeostatic despite exposure to many potential inflammatory agents including the resident microbiota. This requires the balancing of inflammation by regulatory mechanisms and/or anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria. Thus, the levels of anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria in resident populations may be critical in maintaining this homeostatic balance. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e24924

Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Abstract: Orthodontic treatment can lead to microbial-induced gingival inflammation and aseptic periodontal inflammations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines levels with gingival health status and oral microbe loads among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.The present investigation was a cross-sectional study among a sample of 111 consecutive orthodontic patients (mean age 18. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 15;11:625581. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus is highly transmissible among individuals through both droplets and aerosol leading to determine severe pneumonia. Among the various factors that can influence both the onset of disease and the severity of its complications, the microbiome composition has also been investigated. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 02 24;2:CD003811. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

School of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Background: The most frequent indications for tooth extractions, generally performed by general dental practitioners, are dental caries and periodontal infections. Systemic antibiotics may be prescribed to patients undergoing extractions to prevent complications due to infection. This is an update of a review first published in 2012. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2021 14;2021:8461245. Epub 2021 Jan 14.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) are useful antimicrobial compounds against oral bacteria. Here, we investigated the effects of two QAMs, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), on biofilm formation, survival and development of tolerance by biofilm, and survival and development of tolerance against QAMs after prolonged starvation. (. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Jan 22;21(1):105. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Institute of Health informatics, UCL, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK.

Background: Better information on the typical course and management of acute common infections in the community could inform antibiotic stewardship campaigns. We aimed to investigate the incidence, management, and natural history of a range of infection syndromes (respiratory, gastrointestinal, mouth/dental, skin/soft tissue, urinary tract, and eye).

Methods: Bug Watch was an online prospective community cohort study of the general population in England (2018-2019) with weekly symptom reporting for 6 months. Read More

J Equine Vet Sci 2021 02 16;97:103323. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

Department of Clinical Sciences, J. T. Vaughan Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL. Electronic address:

A five-year-old Thoroughbred mare was evaluated because of chronic, malodorous, unilateral nasal discharge, and suspected maxillary cheek tooth root abscess. Skull radiographs revealed bilateral sinusitis suspected secondary to tooth root abscessation of 109 and 210. Following oral extraction of 109, bilateral conchofrontal sinus trephination and lavage; fever, tachycardia, and cervical stiffness developed. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 01 19;18(2). Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.

Enzymes in toothpastes can support host immune responses, and thus maintain oral health. This study aimed to investigate gingival health and the plaque-reducing effects of enzyme-containing toothpastes. A laboratory study tested the antimicrobial potential of different enzyme-containing toothpaste formulations. Read More

Crit Rev Microbiol 2021 Mar 21;47(2):224-239. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), Department of Health Sciences (DSS), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.

An emerging body of research is revealing the microbiota pivotal involvement in determining the health or disease state of several human niches, and that of vitamin D also in extra-skeletal regions. Nevertheless, much of the oral microbiota and vitamin D reciprocal impact in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinogenesis (OPSCC) is still mostly unknown. On this premise, starting from an scientific bibliographic analysis, this narrative literature review aims to show a detailed view of the state of the art on their contribution in the pathogenesis of this cancer type. Read More

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021 Jan 20. Epub 2021 Jan 20.

Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University. Egypt.

Background: Bacterial infection is a frequent complication in cancer and immunocompromised patients. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a significant health problem and cancer patients are at risk of repeated infections with drug-resistant bacteria.

Objective: This investigation aimed to identify predictors of repeat infections of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and drug resistance in cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Upper Egypt. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jan 20;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 20.

Department of General Internal Medicine, Kokuho Asahi Chuo Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan.

, which occurs as part of the oral microflora, is an uncommon cause of infection. However, it can cause serious bloodstream infections including infective endocarditis. Although oral bacteria, most commonly the spp, can cause internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombophlebitis, there are no reported cases of IJV thrombosis caused Here we report a patient with septic IJV thrombosis with bacteraemia. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2021 Jan 14;14(2). Epub 2021 Jan 14.

DDM, Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.

The microenvironment of the oral cavity is altered when an implant, a biocompatible foreign body, is inserted into the mouth. Bacteria settle in the tissues in and around the implant due to the passage of microorganisms through the microgap at the connection of the implant and prosthetic abutment. To prevent colonization of the implant by microorganisms, one idea is to use sealing and antimicrobial materials to decontaminate the implant-abutment interface and close the microgap. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 Mar 15;33(2):345-347. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.

A 1-mo-old reticulated giraffe had progressive anorexia and died at the Ordos Zoo. Autopsy revealed necrotic stomatitis with severe bilateral necroulcerative lesions at the base of the tongue and of the cheeks near the commissures of the mouth. There was also severe bilateral confluent bronchopneumonia with a pronounced bronchial pattern and multifocal fibrinous pleuritis. Read More

Dent Med Probl 2020 Oct-Dec;57(4):393-400

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.

Background: Root canal disinfection includes mechanical, chemical and biological struggle against microorganisms (MOs). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nanoparticle (NP) agents may be proposed as an alternative for use against intracanal infections due to their ability to disrupt biofilm and prevent bacterial adhesion to dentin. The use of NP agents in combination with light/photosensitizer (PS) agents increases the efficiency of PDT in root canal disinfection. Read More

Int Endod J 2021 Jun 3;54(6):817-825. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Aim: To evaluate the presence of bacteria in permanent teeth with intact crowns (without caries, periodontal disease or dental trauma) in patients with sickle cell anaemia (HbSS genotype) by analysing their clinical, imaging and microbiological parameters.

Methodology: This is a case series study nested in a cohort. In the first follow-up of this cohort study (Journal of Endodontics, 2013, 39, 177), 10 HbSS patients with at least one tooth with an intact crown and clinically diagnosed with pulp necrosis by pulse oximetry adapted for dentistry and a cold pulp sensitivity test (n = 27 teeth) were selected. Read More