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J Vet Intern Med 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

DMV Veterinary Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

Background: Use of telmisartan for the treatment of proteinuria in dogs has not been thoroughly investigated.

Hypothesis/objectives: Telmisartan can be effective for the treatment of proteinuria in dogs.

Animals: Forty-four client-owned dogs with proteinuria. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021 Jan-Dec;9:23247096211013193

Florida State University, Sarasota, FL, USA.

Crescentic glomerulonephritis, also known as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, is a syndrome characterized by progressive and rapid deterioration of renal function over the course of weeks to months. Oliguria, hematuria, azotemia, and hypertension are characteristic features of this condition. Crescentic glomerulonephritis is further classified according to the staining pattern on immunofluorescence. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021 May 5. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.

Objective: To describe a case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome of adrenocortical failure in a cat with Klebsiella spp. infection.

Case Summary: A 12-year-old male neutered domestic short-haired cat was referred for respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Read More

Biomolecules 2021 Apr 29;11(5). Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

Human health hazards caused by bisphenol A (BPA), a precursor for epoxy resins and polycarbonate-based plastics, are well documented and are closely associated with mitochondrial impairment and oxidative imbalance. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on renal deterioration caused by long-term BPA exposure and examine the signaling transduction pathway involved. Male Wistar rats were given vehicle or BPA orally for 12 weeks then the BPA-treated group was subdivided to receive vehicle or NAC concurrently with BPA for a further 4 weeks, while the vehicle-treated normal control group continued to receive vehicle through to the end of experiment. Read More

Cells 2021 Apr 9;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.

Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in patients and animal models, as well as in renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction in mice. Aging also evokes declines in renal function owing to effects on almost every renal compartment in humans and rodents. Here, we have examined the role of TRPC6 in driving inflammation and fibrosis during aging in Sprague-Dawley rats. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Apr 13;22:e930677. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, HANSUNG Union Internal Medicine Clinic and Dialysis Center, Daegu, South Korea.

BACKGROUND Pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome have a high risk of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). However, SBP in adults with nephrotic syndrome is very rare. We report a case of SBP induced by Escherichia coli in a 60-year-old male patient on immunosuppressive therapy for the treatment of minimal change disease (MCD). Read More

Equine Vet J 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Background: Further development of surgical techniques for equine cervical stabilisation is necessary to make the procedure less technically demanding, reduce complications and improve outcomes.

Objective: To describe clinical outcomes and owner reports in horses undergoing placement of an interbody fusion device and polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct for cervical vertebral fusion in horses with cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy.

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2020 Nov-Dec;30(6):391-397. Epub 2019 Nov 11.

Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India.

Background And Aims: Renal failure occurring in the setting of cirrhosis increases mortality by more than threefold. Serum creatinine, the conventional marker for renal dysfunction has inherent limitations in identifying and categorizing renal dysfunction in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a novel biomarker which gets upregulated as early as 2-6 hours following the insult to renal tubules. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021 Apr;258(8):877-882

Case Description: A 12-year-old spayed female Jack Russell Terrier was presented with pollakiuria and stranguria.

Clinical Findings: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder trigone and urethra was diagnosed via CT, cystoscopic, and histologic examinations. Azotemia developed 2 weeks following diagnosis, secondary to bilateral ureteral obstruction. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2021 Mar 13;11(3). Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.

Renal maldevelopment (RM) has been proposed to replace the old and sometimes misused term "renal dysplasia" in dogs. Although renal dysplasia has been described in Boxers, hereditary transmission has only been hypothesized. This study reports clinical and renal histological findings in Boxer dogs with RM, proposing a possible mode of inheritance. Read More

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2021 Jan-Apr;15(1):332-337. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Double pylorus, also known as acquired double pylorus, is a rare condition defined as a gastrointestinal fistula connecting stomach antrum and duodenal bulb. The prevalence of double pylorus ranges from 0.001 to 0. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021 Mar 10. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Emergency and Critical Care Department, BluePearl Veterinary Specialists, New York, New York.

Objective: To describe a case of the successful management of hypernatremia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome secondary to joint supplement toxicity in a dog.

Case Summary: A 6-year-old neutered male Dachshund was presented for severe hypernatremia and neurological abnormalities after ingestion of a large quantity of joint supplements. The patient developed evidence of multiple organ dysfunction in the form of increased hepatocellular enzymes, prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, azotemia, and thrombocytopenia. Read More

JFMS Open Rep 2021 Jan-Jun;7(1):2055116921990294. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Case Summary: A 9-month-old intact female domestic mediumhair cat presented with a 5-month history of obtundation, lethargy, hypernatremia (181 mmol/l; reference interval [RI] 151-158 mmol/l), hyperchloremia (142 mmol/l; RI 117-126 mmol/l), azotemia (blood urea nitrogen 51 mg/dl; RI 18-33 mg/dl), creatinine 3.0 mg/dl (RI 1.1-2. Read More

JFMS Open Rep 2021 Jan-Jun;7(1):2055116920984748. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Intensive Care Unit UCICOOP, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Case Summary: A 9-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of severe hemodynamic collapse and suspected lower urinary tract disease. On admission, severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia and azotemia, and electrocardiographic findings consistent with cardiotoxicity were identified. The diagnosis of uroabdomen was made based on abdominal fluid to plasma concentration ratios of creatinine and potassium. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2021 Mar 15. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Background: Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are candidate biomarkers for the detection of early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats.

Objective: To evaluate urinary and serum L-FABP and NGAL concentrations in CKD cats and in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine ( I) treatment.

Animals: Nine CKD cats, 45 healthy cats and hyperthyroid cats at 3 time points including before (T0, n = 49), 1 month (T1, n = 49), and 11 to 29 months after (T2, n = 26) I treatment. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 Feb 18;10(4). Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, "AldoMoro" University, 70124 Bari, Italy.

Nutritional therapy (NT) is a therapeutic option in the conservative treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients to delay the start of dialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific effect of ketoanalogs (KA)-supplemented diets for gut microbiota modulation. In a previous study we observed that the Mediterranean diet (MD) and a KA-supplemented very-low-protein diet (VLPD) modulated beneficially gut microbiota, reducing indoxyl- and p-cresyl-sulfate (IS, PCS) serum levels, and ameliorating the intestinal permeability in CKD patients. Read More

Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2021 Mar;163(3):239-244

Tierarztpraxis Zettlitz, 09306 Zettlitz, Deutschland.

Introduction: Renal cysts are fluid-filled cavities with an epithelial lining that, depending on their size, can cause clinical symptoms and thus require conservative or surgical therapy. Nephrectomy is primarily used in cattle for simple kidney cysts while sclerotherapy is well established in humans and individual case reports have been published in small animal medicine. This case report describes the first successful treatment of a solitary, perirenal cyst using a right-sided laparotomy and intraluminal instillation of 96% ethanol solution in a Swiss Fleckvieh cow. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2021 Mar 24;35(2):1164-1169. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.

Background: There are no commercially available handheld blood creatinine analyzers validated in goats.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to validate the accuracy of a handheld point-of-care (POC) analyzer (Nova StatSensor) for quantifying blood creatinine concentration in goats. A secondary objective was to compare this POC against a chemistry analyzer to classify goats as normal or having mild or moderate azotemia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 23;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Centre, Netanya, Israel.

A young healthy gardener became febrile with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea followed by palpable purpura, mostly on the legs and buttocks with associated arthralgia. Dehydration, azotemia and hyponatraemia resolved with fluid replacement. Tests demonstrated acute pancreatitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, microscopic haematuria and proteinuria. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2021 Feb 20. Epub 2021 Feb 20.

Department of Microbiology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India.

A 52 year old previously healthy woman from Mumbai presented with fever and jaundice of 10 days duration. At admission, she was jaundiced with tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxia, hypotension, conjunctival congestion and mild erythematous flush over the skin. She had very high WBC counts and CRP's with direct hyperbilirubinemia and azotemia. Read More

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2021 Feb 15;49(1):41-50. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.

Uroperitoneum is a typical disease in newborn foals. An accumulation of urine develops in the abdominal cavity in consequence to a congenital or acquired leakage in the urinary tract. Colts are more frequently affected than fillies. Read More

Nutrients 2021 Feb 10;13(2). Epub 2021 Feb 10.

PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases and it represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The Mediterranean diet, in which extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the main source of vegetal fats, represents a nutritional-diet regimen that is useful for the treatment of CKD and its comorbidities. We tested two different EVOOs, characterized by a high (Synergy) and medium (Luxolio) content of minor polar compounds (MPCs), detected by HPLC-DAD-MS analysis, in 40 nephropathic patients, at a dose of 40 mL/day for 9 weeks. Read More

Comput Biol Med 2021 04 1;131:104249. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Data Science Institute, Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland. Electronic address:

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant public health crisis that is hitting hard on people's health, well-being, and freedom of movement, and affecting the global economy. Scientists worldwide are competing to develop therapeutics and vaccines; currently, three drugs and two vaccine candidates have been given emergency authorization use. However, there are still questions of efficacy with regard to specific subgroups of patients and the vaccine's scalability to the general public. Read More

Pathogens 2021 Feb 3;10(2). Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Bluetongue is a vector-borne disease with epidemic potential. Recently, outbreaks of Bluetongue were reported across Greece, caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 4. Regarding its pathogenesis, BTV infection involves various target organs with limited data referring to the kidneys. Read More

Rom J Intern Med 2021 Jan 29. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a functional renal failure that develops in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis with ascites and in those with fulminant hepatic failure. The prevalence of HRS varies among studies but in general it is the third most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhotic patients after pre-renal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis. HRS carries a grim prognosis with a mortality rate approaching 90% 3 month after disease diagnosis. Read More

J Feline Med Surg 2021 Jan 27:1098612X20983980. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire (CHUV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe renal pelvis (RP) and ureteral ultrasonographic measurements in a population of cats with confirmed benign ureteral obstruction (UO) by antegrade pyelography. The secondary objective was to further describe clinical findings associated with minimally dilated obstructed kidneys in an attempt to better understand its occurrence.

Methods: Retrospective case series of cats diagnosed with benign UO were confirmed by antegrade pyelography. Read More

J Zoo Wildl Med 2020 Nov;51(3):720-724

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA,

One adult leopard () and five adult tigers () presented with a range of nonspecific clinical signs, including lethargy (6/6), mobility deficits (4/6), and hyporexia (3/6). Hematology and biochemistry revealed a hyperproteinemia characterized by hyperglobulinemia (4/6), hepatocellular enzyme activity increases (3/6), azotemia (3/6), leukocytosis (2/6), hyperbilirubinemia (2/6), or a combination of conditions. Further diagnostics and management varied with the presenting signs and clinicopathological findings, including supportive care, diagnostic imaging, and blastomyces urine antigen analyses. Read More

J Feline Med Surg 2021 Jan 19:1098612X20984363. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Lamb Statistical Consulting, West St Paul, MN, USA.

Objectives: Lymphoma is the most common feline hematopoietic malignancy. Incidence of renal lymphoma has not been reported as a subset of a large population of feline lymphoma cases. Previous studies have reported renal lymphoma as both a singular entity as well as a component of multicentric disease. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2020 Sep 7;34(5):1948-1956. Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nonimmune complex glomerulopathy and the prognosis and clinicopathologic findings associated with this condition have not been described in dogs.

Objective: To characterize the presentation and identify clinical factors associated with the survival of dogs with FSGS.

Animals: Seventy-seven dogs diagnosed with FSGS based on evaluation of renal biopsy samples submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service. Read More