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J Vet Intern Med 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) has been reported not only to increase with the severity of impaired renal function, but also possibly to be a factor associated with bone abnormalities linked to fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) in humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is not yet known whether this correlation between IS and FGF-23 holds true for cats with CKD.

Hypothesis: Accumulation of IS is related to FGF-23 secretion in cats with CKD. Read More

Hemodial Int 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and severe hyponatremia always pose a challenge to manage. It is necessary to correct biochemical parameters, advanced azotemia, and fluid overload with conventional haemodialysis (HD) but it may correct serum sodium (Na) rapidly resulting in neurological complications like seizures and osmotic demyelination syndrome. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an ideal modality to manage such patients. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.

Background: Active kidney injury may play a role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in dogs. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a novel tubular kidney injury biomarker, may help differentiate progressive CKD from stable CKD in dogs.

Objectives: To determine if urinary NGAL : creatinine ratio (UNCR) differentiates stable and progressive CKD in dogs. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.

A 2-year-old mixed breed goat was presented for a 1-day history of anorexia and 1 week of weight loss. Serum biochemistry disclosed severe azotemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed decreased renal corticomedullary distinction, poor visualization of the renal pelves, and dilated ureters. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Clinical Science and Services, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.

Background: Iatrogenic hypothyroidism might worsen the prognosis of cats with azotemic CKD after thyroidectomy. Varying thyroxine concentrations influence utility of creatinine in assessing renal function. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has limited studies in cats with changing thyroid status. Read More

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2018 Dec 18;46(6):370-379. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and etiology of an increased concentration of ionized magnesium (iMg) in dogs and to evaluate its prognostic relevance.

Materials And Methods: From April 2009 to December 2013, serum electrolytes were measured in 9950 dogs using an ion-selective electrode. Inclusion criterion was an iMg concentration ≥ 0. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2018 Nov-Dec;28(6):477-481

Laboratory of Pathology Souss, Agadir, Morocco.

Allopurinol-induced drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe illness related to hypersensitivity syndrome characterized by fever, skin rash, lymph node enlargement, hematological abnormalities, especially eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytosis, and single or multiple organ involvement. The syndrome is difficult to diagnose in view of its clinical heterogeneity and long latency period within 8 weeks after start treatment. We report a case of DRESS syndrome in a 64-year-old man, induced by allopurinol treatment for asymptomatic hyperuricemia, started 8 weeks earlier but stopped only 3 days after because of the onset of rash. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2018 Dec 8;53(12):1590-1596. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating complication in patients with cirrhosis. In 2015, the International Club of Ascites (ICA) proposed the definition of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) type of AKI (HRS-AKI) in patients with cirrhosis. This study aims to evaluate the criteria of HRS-AKI in patients with cirrhosis admitted to ICU with regard to the prognosis. Read More

Vet J 2019 Jan 30;243:82-90. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel. Electronic address:

Disseminated canine mold infections are reviewed. Case inclusion criteria were dogs as hosts, two or more non-adjacent organs affected and identification of the etiological agent at least to the genus level. Of the 157 cases identified, 59. Read More

Semin Nephrol 2019 Jan;39(1):96-106

Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) now is recognized as a systemic disease. It occurs frequently in critically ill patients and has profound effects on morbidity and mortality. Recent research efforts have shown a bidirectional interplay between AKI and the immune system. Read More

Semin Nephrol 2019 Jan;39(1):17-30

University College London Centre for Nephrology, Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common presentation in patients with advanced cirrhosis hospitalized with acute decompensation. A new revised classification now divides AKI in cirrhotic patients into two broad subgroups: hepatorenal syndrome AKI (HRS AKI) and non-hepatorenal syndrome AKI (non-HRS AKI). HRS AKI represents the end-stage complication of decompensated cirrhosis with severe portal hypertension and is characterized by worsening of renal function in the absence of prerenal azotemia, nephrotoxicity, and intrinsic renal disease. Read More

J Med Biochem 2018 Jul 1;37(3):346-354. Epub 2018 Jul 1.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health,Ankara, Turkey.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine whether the saliva analysis is an alternative to routine biochemical and immunoassay analyses in patients undergoing perito - neal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: Study group consisted of 40 healthy control, 44 PD and 44 HD patients. Routine biochemical analytes, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4, vitamin B12, ferritin and folic acid were measured. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2018 Dec 26. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers University, Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among critically ill patients. There are a number of nutrition considerations in the management of AKI, including fluid balance, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, protein provision, and management of comorbid conditions. The optimal amount of protein provision for patients with AKI who are not on renal replacement therapy (RRT) has been a topic of debate for years. Read More

Vet Med (Auckl) 2018 27;9:73-78. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Interventional Radiology/Endoscopy Department, ACCESS Specialty Animal Hospital, Culver City, CA, USA.

Purpose: We describe a case of ureteral obstruction and fungal pyelonephritis in a cat. The case was managed successfully with a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device and systemic antifungal medication.

Case Summary: A 9-year-old, male, neutered, domestic shorthair cat was referred for severe azotemia, ureteral obstruction, and sonographically identified progressive pyelectasia of the left kidney. Read More

Open Vet J 2018 19;8(4):441-444. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kita 19, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.

A 10-year-old castrated male cross-breed dog was referred for the repair of perineal hernia with bladder retroflexion and a mass lesion in the hernial sac. Surgical treatment was performed and the mass was identified as degenerated adipose tissue that was suspected to be derived from the omentum. The hernial contents were reduced without difficulty, and the dog exhibited a normal recovery. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2018 ;35(3):225-232

Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F, México.

Background: Peritonitis is the most important and frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Bacterial infections are responsible in most cases, with characteristic symptoms.

Aim: To determine the most frequent pathogens in peritonitis associated with PD in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Read More

Clin Nephrol 2019 Feb;91(2):107-113

BK virus is a known cause of renal failure in kidney transplant recipients, but there is little data regarding its effect on native kidneys in heart transplant patients. Here, we describe the case of a child who underwent heart transplantation and was later diagnosed with BK virus with multiorgan involvement. This patient was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy at 4 months of age and underwent heart transplantation at the age of 5 years. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2018 Oct;27(4):866-868

Dr Mohammad Omar Faruque Miah, Senior Clinical Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

A 52 years old male was admitted at National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology, Dhaka, Bangladesh on 16th September 2016 with the history of oliguria, nausea, vomiting & swelling of both legs following consumption of rohu fish gall bladder for the permanent remedy of recurrent abdominal discomfort. He was admitted and received antiemetic, proton pump inhibitor. He had azotemia & underwent urgent haemodialysis (HD). Read More

Clin Epidemiol 2018 26;10:1583-1598. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,

Objective: Prompt assessment of perioperative complications is critical for the comprehensive care of surgical patients. Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (AKI-D) is associated with high mortality, yet little is known about how long-term outcomes of patients have evolved. The association of AKI-D with postsurgical outcomes has not been well studied. Read More

Turk J Gastroenterol 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Pathology, Necmettin Erbakan University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a type of drug reaction characterized by localized erythema, hyperpigmentation, and bullous at the same site(s), generally observed following every intake of a causative drug. Delayed-type cellular hypersensitivity (Type IVC) is considered to play a role in FDE etiology. Several antibiotics, barbiturates, oral contraceptives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, laxative-containing phenolphthalein, metronidazole, and quinine are known to be the primary drugs responsible for FDE. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Dec;253(11):1452-1459

CASE DESCRIPTION A 9-year-old spayed female Dalmatian was examined because of progressive pelvic limb paraparesis. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog had a history of chronic urinary incontinence and had been treated with phenylpropanolamine (PPA) for almost 8.5 years. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018 Sep 23;6(9):1678-1681. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Nephrology Department, University Children Hospital, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.

Background: Neonatal renal vein thrombosis is the most common vascular condition in the newborn kidney, which could lead to serious complication in infants.

Case Report: We report a case of the unilateral renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis, presented with gross hematuria and thrombocytopenia in a neonate. The neonate was a macrosomic male born to a mother with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2018 Nov 13;32(6):1874-1885. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

Background: Pancreatitis in cats (FP) has been increasingly diagnosed in recent years, but clinical studies of large numbers of affected cats are scarce.

Objectives: To describe a large cohort of cats with FP requiring hospitalization.

Animals: One hundred and fifty-seven client-owned cats. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Nov;253(9):1169-1176

CASE DESCRIPTION A 7-year-old female domestic shorthair cat was referred for evaluation of azotemia and unilateral hydronephrosis. CLINICAL FINDINGS Abdominal ultrasonography revealed right-sided hydronephrosis and dilation of the proximal aspect of the ureter; the left kidney was small with irregular margins. A highly vascular, irregular retroperitoneal mass, not clearly associated with the ureteral obstruction, was also visualized. Read More

Biosens Bioelectron 2019 Jan 20;123:36-50. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.

Urea is the major end product of nitrogen metabolism in humans, which is eliminated from the body mainly by the kidneys through urine but is also secreted in body fluids such as blood and saliva. Its level in urine ranges from 7 to 20 mg/dL, which drastically rises under patho-physiological conditions thus providing key information of renal function and diagnosis of various kidney and liver disorders. Increase in urea levels in blood, also referred to as azotemia or uremia. Read More

Vet Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 5. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the lacrimal fluid (LF) contents of glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine in cats.

Animal Studied: A total of 96 cats were included in the study.

Procedure: Venous blood and LF samples were collected. Read More

Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019 01 11;10(1):124-126. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medircine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. Electronic address:

A possible novel Babesia species infection of a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) was first reported in 2012. The current case details a confirmed report of a maned wolf with infection by an undetermined species of Babesia. As the mortality and morbidity of babesiosis is high, this may become a significant concern to captive maned wolves, which are considered a near-threatened species by the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Read More

ACG Case Rep J 2018 29;5:e62. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY.

Cholesterol crystal embolism can be spontaneous or iatrogenic, and it can involve any organ of the gastrointestinal tract, presenting with common gastrointestinal symptoms such as bleeding, perforation, obstruction, and inflammation. It is therefore considered the "great masquerader," requiring a high level of suspicion because the condition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We present a 69-year-old man who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and azotemia. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2018 Sep 25;6(9):1801-1806. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA.

Implant associated granulomatous inflammation causing hypercalcemia can occur following use of commercial xenogeneic pericardial tissue patches in dogs. Removal of the implant can result in resolution of the hypercalcemia, suggesting a causal relationship between the tissue reaction to a xenogeneic implant and development of hypercalcemia. Read More

J Zoo Wildl Med 2018 Sep;49(3):722-731

The aims of this study were to determine if a propofol constant rate infusion (CRI) in Speke's gazelle, Gazella spekei, would serve as an effective alternative maintenance anesthetic, result in shorter recovery times, and improve anesthetic recovery quality when compared with isoflurane. Eight adult gazelle were enrolled in this complete crossover study with a minimum 3-wk washout period. All gazelle were induced with 10 mg/kg intravenous propofol and maintained with either propofol CRI (0. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Oct;253(7):869-876

OBJECTIVE To investigate incidence, clinical features, potential risk factors, and prognostic indicators for aspiration pneumonia in Pugs, French Bulldogs, and Bulldogs. DESIGN Retrospective, observational study. ANIMALS 41 brachycephalic dogs with aspiration pneumonia. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2018 Aug 29;260:22-29. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.

The occurrence of acute kidney injury in canine babesiosis is not well documented. Furthermore, interpretation of urine specific gravity (USG) to assess renal concentrating ability is hampered by the frequent presence of hemoglobinuria in this disease. This cross-sectional study aimed to test the hypothesis that renal azotemia (RA) is underdiagnosed according to current canine babesiosis literature by determining its occurrence at presentation, using urine osmolality instead of USG to measure urinary concentration. Read More

Hepatology 2018 Sep 4. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

We read an article written by Patidar et al. (1) with interest. The authors performed analysis in patients with cirrhosis who were taking diuretics and diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). Read More

Brain Inj 2018 23;32(13-14):1834-1842. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

a Division of Research, Institute for Military Medicine, Department of Surgery , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.

Background: Resuscitation strategies for combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) with haemorrhage in austere environments are not fully established. Our aim was to establish the effects of various saline concentrations in a murine model of combined TBI and haemorrhage, and identify an effective resuscitative strategy for the far-forward environment.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice underwent closed head injury and subjected to controlled haemorrhage to a systolic blood pressure of 25 mmHg via femoral artery cannulation for 60 min. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Aug 21;12(1):241. Epub 2018 Aug 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.

Background: Amyloidosis is a very rare disease that is difficult to diagnose because of the unspecific early clinical manifestations of the disease. Accurate and early diagnosis is extremely important because the effect of treatment is dependent on the extent of disease progression. Sicca syndrome and nail dystrophy are very rare symptoms of amyloidosis. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Jan 21;34(1):234-240. Epub 2018 Aug 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background And Aim: For appropriate management of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhotic patients, accurate differentiation of the types of AKI, prerenal azotemia (PRA), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is very important. Urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) has been proposed as a good tubular injury marker in many studies, but its efficacy in cirrhosis is unclear. This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of urine NAG in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Read More

Contrib Nephrol 2018 24;196:135-140. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Background: In Japan, combined peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) therapy is performed widely as an established modality of renal replacement therapy. This combination therapy is indicated for patients who cannot maintain adequate solute clearance using a standard PD prescription, or those who have uremic symptoms or a state of persistent fluid overload. A common treatment schedule for combined PD + HD therapy consists of 5 days of PD and one HD session per week. Read More

Indian J Gastroenterol 2018 05 17;37(3):248-254. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, 4A, Dr J J Nagar, Mogappair, Chennai, 600 037, India.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and is associated with poor survival. We studied the clinical profile and predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis of the liver with AKI.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined patients at a tertiary care hospital. Read More

Can Respir J 2018 3;2018:3297810. Epub 2018 Jun 3.

Pulmonology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) levels and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Materials And Method: 44 patients with OSAS and 44 healthy adults were included in this study. The participants having rheumatic or systemic inflammatory disease, advanced liver or kidney failure, diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, pregnancy, prerenal azotemia, known history of coronary artery disease, any pulmonary disease, rhinitis, or atopy, history of major trauma or surgery within the last six 6 months, and inhaled nasal or systemic corticosteroid use or other anti-inflammatory medications and those with <18 years of age were excluded. Read More

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2018 Jun 13;46(3):163-175. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Canine hypoadrenocorticism (HoAC) results from a loss of functional adrenal cortex, the most common etiology of which is an immune-mediated destruction leading to an inadequate production of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. The term "atypical" HoAC is used for a subgroup of dogs with either an isolated glucocorticoid deficiency or a combined glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency but normal electrolytes. Dogs with HoAC can present with a large variety of clinical signs, ranging from shaking, weakness, and mild gastrointestinal signs to seizures, hypovolemic shock, and collapse. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018 Jul 13;28(4):361-365. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608.

Objective: To describe the successful management of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to oak intoxication using hemodialysis in a miniature zebu.

Case Summary: A 1-year-old male intact miniature zebu was presented for evaluation of a 2-day history of lethargy, anorexia, decreased urine production, and dry, firm stool. Initial diagnostics revealed severe azotemia and the bull was presumptively diagnosed with AKI secondary to oak intoxication due to free access to oak trees in the pasture. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018 Jul 13;28(4):356-360. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Section of Companion Animal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803.

Objective: To report the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in a dog with carprofen toxicosis.

Summary: A 6-year-old female neutered Bichon Frise weighing 6.9 kg was examined after it had ingested 72 mg/kg carprofen. Read More

J Autoimmun 2018 Sep 9;93:37-44. Epub 2018 Jun 9.

Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Electronic address:

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a typical lesion in autoantibody and immune complex disorders, including SLE. Because the Gas6/Axl pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of GN, targeting this pathway might ameliorate GN. Consequently, we have studied the efficacy and mechanism of R428, a potent selective Axl inhibitor, in the prevention of experimental anti-GBM nephritis. Read More

Lab Invest 2018 Aug 1;98(8):1105-1121. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity is widely accepted as a model for acute kidney injury (AKI). Although cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rodent has been reported, the role of phosphate in the cisplatin-induced CKD progression is not described. In this study, we gave a single peritoneal injection of CP followed by high (2%) phosphate diet for 20 weeks. Read More

J Mol Med (Berl) 2018 Jul 22;96(7):631-644. Epub 2018 May 22.

Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Mutations in canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels give rise to rare familial forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here we examined a possible role for TRPC6 in the progression of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats, a classic model of acquired nephrotic syndromes. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to delete a 239-bp region within exon 2 of the Trpc6 gene (Trpc6 allele). Read More

JFMS Open Rep 2018 Jan-Jun;4(1):2055116918766152. Epub 2018 May 4.

Section of Surgery, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Case Summary: A 10-year-old spayed female American Shorthair cat underwent renal transplantation due to worsening chronic kidney disease secondary to polycystic kidney disease. During transplantation, the right kidney grossly appeared to be more diseased than the left and was firmly adhered to the surrounding tissues. An intraoperative fine-needle aspirate of the right native kidney revealed inflammatory cells but no evidence of neoplasia. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2018 Jul 17;32(4):1428-1435. Epub 2018 May 17.

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Background: Diuretic treatment is the mainstay for management of congestive heart failure in horses, and its use has been restricted to injectable medications because no currently data supports the use of PO administered loop diuretics.

Objectives: To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of PO administered torsemide and, determine if PO administered torsemide, could be used as an alternative to injectable diuretics in the horse.

Animals: Six healthy adult mares. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2018 Jul 27;32(4):1359-1371. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Hypomagnesemia is associated with increased mortality and renal function decline in humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Magnesium is furthermore inversely associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), an important prognostic factor in CKD in cats. However, the prognostic significance of plasma magnesium in cats with CKD is unknown. Read More

J Med Primatol 2018 Apr 25. Epub 2018 Apr 25.

Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Background: Uremic encephalopathy is uncommon yet is one of the most severe complications of renal failure. We present a case of acute renal failure and associated cerebral and vascular lesions consistent with uremic encephalopathy in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

Methods: A 14-year-old, female, specific-pathogen-free rhesus macaque presented in lateral recumbency, obtunded, severely dehydrated, and hypothermic, with severe azotemia, mild hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, increased anion gap, and hypercholesterolemia. Read More