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Autism 2019 Apr 17:1362361319841312. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

The broader autism phenotype refers to sub-clinical autism spectrum disorder characteristics involving socially and emotionally aloof and rigid personality traits and social communication difficulties. Relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, including parents, evidence an increased rate of broader autism phenotype. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between actor (one's own) and partner (their partner's) broader autism phenotype and the self-reported, observed, and physiological (i. Read More

Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2019 Jan-Mar;41(1):83-86. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Dipartimento Salute Mentale, ASL CN1, Saluzzo, CN, Italy.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder persisting in adulthood in 40-60% of cases. Clinical and neuroimaging studies suggest that patients affected by both drug addiction and ADHD show higher rates of craving for drug than patients without ADHD. We designed a pilot open-label study to investigate the effects of ADHD on craving for heroin in methadone maintenance therapy patients. Read More

Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2019 Jan-Mar;41(1):78-82. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia , Universidade São Francisco (USF), Campinas , SP , Brazil .

Introduction: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most widely studied personality disorders (PDs). It recurrently shows traits of emotional lability, anxiety, separation insecurity, depressiveness, impulsiveness, risk exposure, and hostility, mainly affecting the domains of negative affectivity and antagonism.

Objectives: To investigate the most discriminant dimensions of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 [IDCP-2]) to distinguish people diagnosed with BPD from people without this diagnosis. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Apr 15;20(8). Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Chair and Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland.

Studies indicate the heritable nature of affective temperament, which shows personality traits predisposing to the development of mental disorders. Dopaminergic gene polymorphisms such as , Val158Met, and have been linked to affective disorders in obesity. Due to possible correlation between the aforementioned polymorphisms and the affective temperament, the aim of our research was to investigate this connection in an obese population. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2019 Apr 13:111911. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: Impulsivity is an enduring personality trait that is highly relevant for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although impulse control disorders (ICD) are well-characterized non-motor features in Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly related to medication, little is known about neural correlates reflecting trait aspects of impulsivity in PD patients. Here, we address the question whether motor, attentional and non-planning components, measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), are distinctly related to cortical thickness and cortical folding abnormalities in PD when compared to age-matched healthy controls (HC). Read More

Personal Ment Health 2019 May;13(2):84-95

Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.

Aim: The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders (PDs) has adopted a dimensional approach which includes three levels of severity (mild, moderate and severe) with the option of specifying five trait qualifiers (negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition and anankastia) and one borderline pattern qualifier. This study examined mental health professionals' perceived clinical utility of the ICD-11 PD framework compared with the ICD-10 categorical PD framework.

Method: A sample of 163 mental health professionals (primarily psychologists, nurses and medical doctors) completed a survey in which they were asked to apply the ICD-10 and ICD-11 PD classifications on one of their patients followed by judgement of their clinical utility. Read More

Drugs Context 2019 2;8:212573. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Comorbid disorders are highly prevalent in patients with social anxiety disorder, occurring in as many as 90% of patients. The presence of comorbidity may affect the course of the disease in several ways such as comorbidity in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) is related to earlier treatment-seeking behavior, increased symptom severity, treatment resistance and decreased functioning. Moreover, comorbidities cause significant difficulties in nosology and diagnosis, and may cause treatment challenges. Read More

Riv Psichiatr 2019 Mar-Apr;54(2):67-74

Post-Partum Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Several studies focused on mothers' psychopathological and environmental risk factors linked to filicide, to understand the genesis of this violent act. Considering the transition to motherhood a critical period for any woman, requiring the activation of deep personality resources, the aim of this study was to detect, in a sample of 16 filicide women hospitalized in Italian Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals, the recurrent characteristics with a specific focus on personality traits. Women were assessed using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Read More

J Pers Disord 2019 Apr 15:1-30. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

This study consisted of secondary data analysis of information collected from inmates who had participated in an earlier independent randomized controlled trial testing the effects of the Growing Pro-Social (GPS) program. The current study assessed personality disorders as moderators of the GPS effects in cognitive malfunctioning, emotion regulation strategies, and prison misconduct in male prison inmates. Participants were 254 inmates randomly assigned to either the GPS (n = 121) or the control group (n = 133). Read More

J Abnorm Psychol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior.

The idea that psychopathology is associated with exceptional creativity has persisted despite a paucity of corroborating or disconfirming evidence. The authors measured psychopathology, including schizotypal personality traits, social responsiveness/autism spectrum traits, and lifetime incidence of mental disorders, along with lab-based tests of creativity in a unique sample of (exceptionally creative) individuals. The authors examined Big-C visual artists (VIS; = 35), Big-C scientists (SCI; = 41), and a smart comparison group (SCG; n = 31) matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, and estimated IQ. Read More

Rev Colomb Psiquiatr 2019 Apr - Jun;48(2):80-87. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Clínica Nuestra Señora de la Paz, Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: Diagnosing and treating autism and child psychoses is very difficult; these pathologies impact not only the child's life but also the family as a whole. Therefore caution is required when giving a diagnosis with prognostic implications. We use the psychodynamic perspective in order to take into consideration both pathological and healthy diagnostic aspects, and to promote evolutionary potential of each patient. Read More

Psychiatry Res 2019 Mar 30;276:12-17. Epub 2019 Mar 30.

McGovern Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas HSC at Houston, 1941 East Road (BBSB 3118), Houston, Texas 77054, USA. Electronic address:

High levels of expressed emotions (EE) reflect the amount of criticism and/or over-involvement in families and has been linked to relapse risk in various psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder (BD). Less clear is which factors contribute to the development and/or maintenance of EE. Therefore, we tested whether patient characteristics, specifically clinical features and personality disorder traits in BD predicted key aspects of EE as assessed by patients and their relatives. Read More

Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich.

Psychiatric disorders and psychological problems are common in patients with diabetes mellitus. There is a twofold increase in depression which is associated with suboptimal glycemic control and increased morbidity and mortality. Other psychiatric disorders with a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus are cognitive impairment, dementia, disturbed eating behavior, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and borderline personality disorder. Read More

J Pers Assess 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Child Abuse Negl 2019 Apr 8;92:116-125. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.

Background: Child maltreatment has been associated with the development of various mental health problems, including the development of personality disorders.

Objective: This study investigated the association between child maltreatment and personality disorder symptoms in 125 women who transitioned out of residential care.

Method: The Child Trauma Questionnaire was used for the measurement of child maltreatment, and Personality disorder symptoms were measured using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4 + . Read More

Subst Use Misuse 2019 Apr 11:1-10. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

a Universite Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé , Boulogne-Billancourt , France.

Background: Anxiety and depression favor the maintenance and relapse of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Some five factor model personality dimensions (e.g. Read More

Front Psychol 2019 22;10:644. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

GGNet Mental Health Centre, Apeldoorn, Netherlands.

This article reviews recent theoretical contributions and studies about art therapy that attempt to capture aspects of healthy ego functioning and presents an inventory of art therapy interventions to strengthen the Healthy Adult. It discusses how art therapy can offer interventions that focus specifically and directly on the integration and growth of the whole person, and which interventions are suitable for this purpose in the treatment of people diagnosed with severe personality disorders. A link is made between the Healthy Adult as a familiar concept from Schema Therapy, and Positive Psychology, with its focus on well-being, strength and positive affect. Read More

Front Psychol 2019 22;10:518. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Centre of Excellence on Personality Disorder, Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Slagelse, Denmark.

Theories of personality and its disorders need, from time to time, to be revised and updated according to new empirical and conceptual developments. Such development has taken place in the realms of affective neuroscience, evolution, and social cognition. In this article, we outline a new personality theory, which claims that phenomena we usually ascribe to the concept personality are best understood by postulating a web consisting of three major constituents: temperament (mainly primary emotions), attachment, and self-consciousness (mentalizing). Read More

Front Psychol 2019 22;10:496. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Stress and Motivated Behavior Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.

Although many individuals who experience a trauma go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the rate of PTSD following trauma is only about 15-24%. There must be some pre-existing conditions that impart increased vulnerability to some individuals and not others. Diathesis models of PTSD theorize that pre-existing vulnerabilities interact with traumatic experiences to produce psychopathology. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 22;10:149. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Behavioral Medicine, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Approach and avoidance motivation have been thoroughly studied in common mental disorders, which are prevalent in the military context. Approach/avoidance motivational dispositions underlie emotion responses and are thought to influence emotion dysregulation. However, studies on the mediating role of emotion regulation (ER) between motivational dispositions and mental disorders have been insufficient. Read More

Psychiatr Serv 2019 Apr 10:appips201800284. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Princess Alexandra Hospital, Addiction and Mental Health Services, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia (Kar Ray); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust (Kar Ray, Lombardo, Syed, Patel, Denman), Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London (Lombardo); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care, East of England, National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge (Jones).

Objective: The 333 model is a radical redesign of acute mental health care. Time-limited inpatient pathways for assessment (≤3 days), treatment (≤3 weeks), and recovery (≤3 months) replaced traditional geographical-sector wards. By making beds available, 333 aspired to improve access, deliver early treatment, and shorten hospital stays-generating savings through reductions in beds and out-of-area placements (OAPs). Read More

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019 Feb;374(1766):20180137

3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal , Montreal , Canada.

Impulse control is becoming a critical survival skill for the twenty-first century. Impulsivity is implicated in virtually all externalizing behaviours and disorders, and figures prominently in the aetiology and long-term sequelae of substance use disorders (SUDs). Despite its robust clinical and predictive validity, the study of impulsivity is complicated by its multidimensional nature, characterized by a variety of trait-like personality dimensions, as well as by more state-dependent neurocognitive dimensions, with variable convergence across measures. Read More

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019 Feb;374(1766):20180128

3 School of Psychology, Cardiff University , Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT , UK.

Our willingness to take risks, our ability to wait or the speed with which to make decisions are central features of our personality. However, it is now recognized that impulsive and risk-taking behaviours are not a unitary construct, and different aspects can be both psychologically and neurally dissociated. The range of neurochemicals and brain systems that govern these behaviours is extensive, and this may be a contributing factor to the phenotypic range seen in the human population. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Radiology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.

Objectives: Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is currently thought to bear a close relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and other compulsive disorders such as eating disorder and autistic spectrum disorder, as well as with the personality disorders, focusing on some important dimensions like phenomenology, heritability, environmental risk factors, comorbidity, course of illness, neurocognitive endophenotypes, and treatment response. In the present study, when we have taken into consideration the knowledge aforementioned, we aimed to examine OFC and thalamus volumes in patients with OCPD.

Methods: We comparatively measured orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) and thalamus volumes of patients with OCPD and healthy control subjects. Read More

Encephale 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Clinique Pôle Santé Sud, 72000 Le Mans, France; Section psychiatrie légale de l'AFPBN, 75014 Paris, France.

Introduction: The injunction to care (IC) is a new compulsory treatment created by the Act of June 17, 1998. Initially, this judicial tool concerned mainly sex offenders, but then the number of overall crimes requiring an IC began to dramatically rise. The judge can order this measure only if a psychiatric expertise has concluded to its potential opportunity. Read More

Rev Neurosci 2019 Apr 6. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.

Despite the accumulated knowledge on antisocial behavior and the positive event-related potential peaking around 300 ms (P3), less is known about the preceding negative electrophysiological response around 200 ms (N2). A systematic search of the literature was conducted to analyze the N2 modulation across the antisocial spectrum. Thirty-seven studies (n = 1199) were retrieved to the quantitative analysis. Read More

Trials 2019 Apr 5;20(1):196. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Mental Health Services, Gentofte, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.

Background: Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder is often lengthy and resource-intensive. However, the current length of outpatient treatments is arbitrary and based on trials that never tested if the treatment intensity could be reduced. As a result, there is insufficient evidence to inform the decision between short-term and long-term psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Read More

Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

Objective: Literature suggests that childhood trauma increases vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, including Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD). Yet, it remains unexplored whether childhood trauma predicts symptom load and the level of neurocognitive functioning in SPD.

Method: We included 225 individuals with SPD and 127 healthy controls. Read More

Heliyon 2019 Mar 19;5(3):e01323. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Identity disturbance is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Autobiographical memory is a process of reflective thinking through which we form links between elements of life and self. It can be considered as an indirect index of identity integration. Read More

Front Psychol 2019 20;10:543. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments Department, University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.

Depression is the principal cause of illness and disability in the world. Studies charting the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents report high percentages of youngsters in both groups with depressive symptoms. This review analyzes the construct and explanatory theories of depression and offers a succinct overview of the main evaluation instruments used to measure this disorder in children and adolescents, as well as the prevention programs developed for the school environment and the different types of clinical treatment provided. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 21;10:120. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

This prospective study addresses risk factors of compulsory re-admission focusing on the role of the patient's subjective symptom distress and perceived social support, based on comprehensive patient and external (clinicians, study staff) assessments. Of the baseline sample, 168 (71%) patients with serious mental disorders, who had been compulsorily admitted to psychiatric inpatient care, were followed over 24 months after discharge within the framework of a RCT. During this time 36% had compulsory re-admissions; risk was highest immediately after discharge. Read More

Psychiatr Danub 2019 Mar;31(1):37-42

Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.

Background: Body image concerns are associated with the poor prognosis of bipolar disorder, but it is unknown whether bipolar I (BD I) and II (BD II) types differ in these concerns and their associations with personality styles or affective states.

Subjects And Methods: We therefore invited 89 BD I, 91 BD II patients, and 159 healthy volunteers to undergo the tests of the Body Image Concern Scale (BICS), the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, the Hypomania Checklist - 32, the Plutchik - van Praag Depression Inventory, and the Parker Personality Measure.

Results: Both BD I and BD II displayed higher scores of ongoing affective states and of personality disorder functioning styles than healthy controls did. Read More

Psychiatr Danub 2019 Mar;31(1):32-36

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, D-35033 Marburg, Germany,

Background: Attachment parameters have an effect on later relationship patterns and the development of parameters of self-concept and personality. In the current study the role of attachment parameters on personality dimensions was investigated, especially with respect to personality disorders.

Subjects And Methods: 134 psychiatric inpatients were examined on attachment and personality parameters using the schedule FEB as a questionnaire on the parental attachment and the SKI as a self-concept inventory. Read More

Br J Sports Med 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Background: Athletes, like non-athletes, suffer from mental health symptoms and disorders that affect their lives and their performance. Psychotherapy, either as the sole treatment or combined with other non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies, is a pivotal component of management of mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes. Psychotherapy takes the form of individual, couples/family or group therapy and should address athlete-specific issues while being embraced as normative by athletes and their core stakeholders. Read More

Neuropsychiatr 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Klinische Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.

Backround: Emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) has a high prevalence worldwide and especially in in-patient psychiatric settings, varying in age and gender. Due to the complex clinical picture, repeated admissions and high costs, health systems are facing great challenges.

Methods: For the calculations Statistik Austria data of inpatient stays of patients with mental and behavioral disorders with special regard to EUPD as main discharge diagnosis in Austria in the period 2001-2016 were used. Read More

Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.

Rationale: Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has grown into a serious public health concern throughout the Western World. AAS use is associated with adverse medical, psychological, and social consequences. Around 30% of AAS users develop a dependence syndrome with sustained use despite adverse side effects. Read More

J Behav Addict 2019 Mar;8(1):123-134

1 Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL , Barcelona, Spain.

Background And Aims: Pathological buying (PB) is a behavioral addiction that presents comorbidity with several psychiatric disorders. Despite the increase in the prevalence estimates of PB, relatively few PB instruments have been developed. Our aim was to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the pathological buying screener (PBS) and to explore the associations between PB, psychopathology, and personality traits. Read More

Australas Psychiatry 2019 Apr 1:1039856219839477. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Research Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and; Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC, and; Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, and; Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and; Department of Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Objectives:: Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder share a hallmark clinical feature of severe body image disturbance. This study aimed to document major demographic and clinical characteristics in anorexia nervosa versus body dysmorphic disorder, and it was the first to compare specific body parts related to body image dissatisfaction across these disorders directly.

Methods:: Anorexia nervosa ( n=26) and body dysmorphic disorder ( n=24) patients were administered a range of clinical measures, including key questions about the specificities of their body image concerns. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 14;10:126. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Faculty of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Humans have the capacity to share others' emotions, be they positive or negative. Elicited by the observed or imagined emotion of another person, an observer develops a similar emotional state herself. This capacity, empathy, is one of the pillars of social understanding and interaction as it creates a representation of another's inner, mental state. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 15;10:108. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Barcelona, Spain.

Psychological trauma has a strong negative impact on the onset, course and prognosis of substance use disorders (SUD). Few trauma-oriented treatment approaches have been trialed, but preliminary evidence exists of the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in improving clinical symptoms in SUD patients. To assess if EMDR therapy leads to: (1) reduced substance consumption; (2) an improvement in psychopathological and in trauma-related symptoms; and (3) an improvement in overall functioning. Read More

Am J Psychiatry 2019 Apr;176(4):265-266

Department of Occupational Therapy and Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, Boston.

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019 Mar 30. Epub 2019 Mar 30.

Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Purpose: People with personality disorders have significantly reduced life expectancy and increased rates of cardiovascular disease compared to members of the general population. Given that more people die annually of cardiovascular disease across the globe than from any other cause, it is important to identify the evidence for interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular health among people with personality disorders.

Methods: Systematic literature review. Read More

J Affect Disord 2019 Mar 19;251:195-204. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, United States; University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States.

Background: Bipolar psychopathology is characterized by affective dysregulation independent of mood episodes. However, previous research has relied on laboratory-based emotion-eliciting tasks or retrospective questionnaires that do not take into account temporal dynamics of affect. Thus, the present study examined affective dynamics (reactivity, variability, instability, and inertia) of low and high arousal negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) in daily life in those at risk for bipolar psychopathology. Read More

Psychiatry Res 2019 Mar 11;275:196-203. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave S Nashville, TN 37212, United States; Research Service, Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, United States. Electronic address:

Schizophrenia is conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder and pre-morbid differences in social function and cognition have been well-established. Less is known about pre-morbid temperament and personality. Inhibited temperament-the predisposition to respond to novelty with wariness, fear, or caution-is a premorbid risk factor for anxiety, depression, and substance use but is understudied in schizophrenia. Read More

Psychiatry 2019 Mar 29:1-15. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Background: Defensive functioning is related to overall mental functioning and personality traits in adults but only few studies investigated the role of defenses in adolescence. The present study analyzed the use of defense mechanisms in clinical adolescents to test how defensive functioning is related to age, gender, and personality traits.

Design: 102 self-referred outpatients were interviewed using the Clinical Diagnostic Interview (CDI). Read More

BMC Psychiatry 2019 Mar 28;19(1):101. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.

Background: This study investigated cause of death, mortality rates and explored if baseline characteristics were associated with risk of death in patients with alcohol use disorder alone or poly-substance use disorders.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study of patients followed for 19 years after entering specialized treatment for substance use disorders. At baseline 291 patients (mean age 38. Read More

J Pers Disord 2019 Mar 28:1-13. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

This study evaluates personality disorder as a moderator of psychiatric treatment response in people receiving methadone-assisted treatment. Participants (N = 125) were enrolled in a 12-week parent study that evaluated the impact of incentives on attendance to psychiatric care. All participants had a current DSM IV-R Axis I disorder and were classified based on presence of an Axis II disorder: Axis I-only (n = 46) versus Axis I + II (n = 79). Read More

J Pers Disord 2019 Mar 28:1-20. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

This study investigated the degree of correspondence of retrospective reports of personality disorder symptoms, triggers, and emotions with reports closer in time to the actual experiences. Retrospective reports of symptoms, triggers, and emotions are heavily used in both clinical and research settings, yet no study has investigated the correspondence for symptoms or triggers of personality disorders. A total of 257 participants, including 75 with BPD, completed overlapping daily, weekly, monthly, and semi-annual questionnaires. Read More