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Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY.

An avoidant grief style is marked by repeated and often unsuccessful attempts to prevent thinking about loss. Prior work shows avoidant grief involves monitoring the external environment in order to avoid reminders of the loss. Here we sought to determine whether avoidant grievers also monitor the internal environment in attempts to minimize conscious awareness of loss-related thoughts. Read More

Int J Epidemiol 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Although studies showed that an adverse intrauterine environment increases the obesity risk in adulthood, little is known about consequences of fetal growth and birth size for eating behaviour. We examined whether fetal and birth size are associated with childhood eating behaviour.

Methods: Participants were 4350 mother-child dyads of the prospective cohort study Generation R. Read More

J Exp Psychol Gen 2018 Dec;147(12):1763-1781

Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University.

The catecholamines have long been associated with cognitive control and value-based decision-making. More recently, we proposed that the catecholamines might modulate value-based decision-making about whether or not to engage in cognitive control. We test this hypothesis by assessing effects of a catecholamine challenge in a large sample of young, healthy adults (n = 100) on the avoidance of a cognitively demanding control process: task switching. Read More

Oecologia 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Wildlife and Fisheries Conservation Center, Unit 4087, 1376 Storrs Rd., Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.

The ecology of wildlife living in proximity to humans often differs from that in more natural places. Animals may perceive anthropogenic features and people as threats, exhibiting avoidance behavior, or may acclimate to human activities. As development expands globally, changes in the ecology of species in response to human phenomena may determine whether animals persist in these changing environments. Read More

BMC Med Educ 2018 Dec 4;18(1):291. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.

Background: Learning style refers to the unique ways an individual processes and retains new information and skills. In this study, we aimed to identify the learning styles of Turkish physiotherapy students and investigate the relationship between academic performance and learning style subscale scores in order to determine whether the learning styles of physiotherapy students could influence academic performance.

Methods: The learning styles of 184 physiotherapy students were determined using the Grasha-Riechmann Student Learning Style Scales. Read More

J Anxiety Disord 2018 Nov 17;62:35-44. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Nienoord 10, Diemen, 1112XE, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Department of Clinical Psychology, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show remarkably different symptom presentations. Identification of diagnostic profiles of PTSD may contribute to knowledge about treatment modifications to enhance treatment effectiveness. The present study aimed to identify symptom severity classes among 236 Dutch veterans based on a broad range of psychopathology outcomes, including PTSD, using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). Read More

Fam Process 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Marriage and Family Therapy Program, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA.

Using family systems and attachment theory frameworks, this study identified specific dimensions of the parent-adolescent relationship and examined the association between those dimensions and adolescent depression and delinquency, and parental depression 2 years later in a racially and ethnically diverse sample. Parent-adolescent relationships were identified using a person-centered approach, latent profile analysis, using closeness, communication, conflict, and autonomy as dimensions of the relationship. The latent profile analysis produced a four-profile solution, which was labeled secure, avoidant, anxious, and detached. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Stockholm Centre for Eating Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was introduced as a new diagnosis in the DSM-5. This systematic scoping review explores how ARFID as a diagnostic entity is conceptualized in the research literature and evaluates the diagnostic validity according to the Feighner criteria.

Method: A systematic scoping review of papers on ARFID in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science was undertaken, following PRISMA and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Read More

Omega (Westport) 2018 Nov 28:30222818814052. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

1 Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen, Norway.

This article presents results from one of the first longitudinal studies exploring the effects of losing a close friend to traumatic death, focusing on complicated grief over time and how this is affected by avoidant behavior and rumination about the loss. The sample consists of 88 persons (76% women and 24% men, mean age = 21) who lost a close friend in the Utøya killings in Norway on July 22, 2011.Quantitative data were collected at three time-points; 18, 28, and 40 months postloss. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018 Oct 1:1-10. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to determine what strategies caregivers use to cope with the stress of a child who has recently undergone surgical treatment for a newly diagnosed brain tumor. Results will be used to improve psychosocial assessments and treatments provided to these families during initial hospitalization.METHODSCaregivers of children with newly diagnosed brain tumors admitted to Children's of Alabama were enrolled during the child's initial hospitalization for surgical treatment from April 2016 to August 2017. Read More

Acta Neurol Belg 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.

To investigate the clinical manifestation, disease course, and prognosis of migraine patients with or without personality disorders. This cross-sectional study evaluated 61 patients with migraine diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). Personality disorders were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II). Read More

J Interpers Violence 2018 Nov 25:886260518814262. Epub 2018 Nov 25.

3 Hunter College, New York, NY, USA.

The aim of this study was to empirically examine the theoretical model proposed by Grady, Levenson, and Bolder used to explain the relationships between experiencing trauma, attachment styles, and risk factors associated with sexual offending. The specific risk factors tested were emotional, behavioral, and cognitive regulation deficits. The research questions were as follows: (1) What specific childhood traumatic experiences (physical and sexual abuse and/or other domestic trauma events) are associated with anxious-ambivalent and anxious-avoidant attachments? (2) Are anxious-ambivalent and anxious-avoidant attachment styles differentially linked to dysregulation outcomes (emotional, behavioral and cognitive shift, and inhibitions)? (3) Do insecure attachment styles explain why childhood trauma is associated with dysregulation? and (4) Do these early life experiences contribute to sexual offending behavior? The sample included 200 male youth adjudicated for either a sexual or nonsexual crime and living in the community or a residential facility. Read More

Psych J 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Drug addiction as a biological, psychological, and social issue affects all dimensions of one's life. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of attachment styles, dysfunctional attitudes, and spirituality in predicting membership in addicted and non-addicted groups. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 60 addicted people and 60 non-addicted people. Read More

J Pain Res 2018 1;11:2653-2662. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,

Background: Insecure attachment patterns are related to the onset and development of chronic pain. However, it is less documented on how short- and long-term effects of pain therapy might differ with the attachment style in interaction with specific pain conditions. We therefore examined how two different groups of chronic pain patients differ in their treatment trajectories and in regard to attachment. Read More

J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

2 Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.

Background: The complex interplay of psychological stress appraisal, biology, chronically stressful environments, and individual coping mechanisms can impact and tax physiological adaptive processes. This can result in increased cardiometabolic risk (CMR), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear and appear to differ significantly based on age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Read More

Neurobiol Stress 2018 Nov 22;9:199-213. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Department of Psychology & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Chronic stress can have deleterious effects on mental health, increasing the risk of developing depression or anxiety. But not all individuals are equally affected by stress; some are susceptible while others are more resilient. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to these differing outcomes has been a focus of considerable research. Read More

J Fluency Disord 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Auburn University, United States.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate self-acceptance and satisfaction with life with people who stutter and the influence of coping and resilience on the two factors.

Method: Forty-seven people who stutter (PWS) and 47 people who do not stutter (PWNS) participated in an online survey. Participants completed a survey assessing 6 main areas: (a) background information, (b) satisfaction with life, (c) coping, (d) avoidance, (e) self-acceptance, and resilience. Read More

Front Psychol 2018 1;9:2107. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Attachment orientations play important roles in the generation of emotional autobiographical memory (AM). However, little research has considered the quality of autographical narratives, which may reflect the structure and content of internal working models (IWMs) of attachment. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between attachment orientations and narrative quality of marriage-related autobiographical memories. Read More

Front Psychol 2018 1;9:2072. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Due to advances in medicine, a malignant neoplasm is a chronic disease that can be treated for a lot of patients for many years. It may lead to profound changes in everyday life and may induce fear of life. The ability to adjust to a new situation may depend on temperamental traits and stress coping strategies. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2018 1;12:362. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Military Veterans' Service, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, United Kingdom.

Exposure Therapy (ET) has demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of phobias, anxiety and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), however, it suffers a high drop-out rate because of too low or too high patient engagement in treatment. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) is comparably effective regarding symptom reduction and offers an alternative tool to facilitate engagement for avoidant participants. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that both ET and VRET normalize brain activity within a fear circuit. Read More

Psychiatr Danub 2018 Nov;30(Suppl 7):633-638

University of Maryland / R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Maryland, USA,

Scars can result from a range of causes: accidents, surgery, and even acne. The resultant change in appearance can negatively affect body image and self-confidence. Scarring is stigmatised in society because of the premium placed on beauty - disfigurement or unsightly features are still used to portray evil in horror films, comic strips, and fairy tales. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Nov 28:1-10. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

c First Department of Pediatrics , Athens University Medical School , Athens , Greece.

Aim: To validate the Greek version of Kennerley and Gath's Blues Questionnaire (BQ) and gather further knowledge on maternity blues (MB) associations with certain clinical and sociodemographic factors in Greek population.

Material And Methods: 116 postpartum women, who met the inclusion criteria, completed the Blues Questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale on the third day after delivery. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. Read More

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018 Nov 14;28(9):663-666. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida.

PLoS One 2018 12;13(11):e0205730. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Psychology Department, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.

Cooperation and competition are vital for human survival and for social progress. In this study we examine the impact of external (environmental) and internal (individual differences) factors on the tendency to cooperate or compete in social conflicts. To this end, 53 young adults played blocks of the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma Game with each other or with a computer. Read More

Eat Weight Disord 2018 Nov 9. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Aim: In some cases, detrimental consequences on health are generated by self-imposed dietary rules intended to promote health. The pursuit of an "extreme dietary purity" due to an exaggerated focus on food may lead to a disordered eating behavior called "orthorexia nervosa" (ON). ON raises a growing interest, but at present there is no universally shared definition of ON, the diagnostic criteria are under debate, and the psychometric instruments used in the literature revealed some flaws. Read More

J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019 Mar 31;62:146-153. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background And Objectives: Anxiety in adolescence is characterised by disturbances in attentional processes and the overgeneralisation of fear, however, little is known about the combined and reciprocal effects of and between these factors on youth anxiety. The present study investigated whether attention (attention allocation and control) and fear generalisation processes together predict more variance on adolescent anxiety symptoms than each factor in isolation, and explored their interrelations.

Methods: 197 adolescents completed a novel conditioning task, which paired balloon cues with mildly aversive or neutral outcomes. Read More

Indian J Palliat Care 2018 Oct-Dec;24(4):491-495

Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Patients in palliative care suffer variously due to underassessment of needs and suboptimal intervention, coupled with lack of access to palliative care. This study attempts to identify effective coping strategies which lead to life satisfaction, among those afflicted with terminal cancer.

Materials And Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was carried out among terminally-ill cancer patients undergoing palliative care. Read More

PLoS One 2018 8;13(11):e0207150. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

The present study extends previous cross-sectional findings by examining the predictive validity of positive and negative schizotypy in a young adult sample at a three-year follow-up. Schizotypy and schizophrenia share a comparable multidimensional structure with positive and negative dimensions being the most strongly supported factors. Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies employing the psychometric high-risk strategy indicated that schizotypy is a useful method for identifying risk and resilience factors for the development of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. Read More

Ecol Lett 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 109 Eno Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.

Tropical forest responses are an important feedback on global change, but changes in forest composition with projected increases in CO and drought are highly uncertain. Here we determine shifts in the most competitive plant hydraulic strategy (the evolutionary stable strategy or ESS) from changes in CO and drought frequency and intensity. Hydraulic strategies were defined along a spectrum from drought avoidance to tolerance by physiology traits. Read More

J Int AIDS Soc 2018 Oct;21(10):e25198

Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Introduction: Cross-sectional evidence suggests that internalized HIV stigma is associated with lower likelihoods of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and HIV-1 RNA suppression among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined these associations with longitudinal data spanning the first nine months following HIV diagnosis and explored whether avoidant coping mediates these associations.

Methods: Longitudinal data were collected from 398 South African PLWH recruited from testing centres in 2014 to 2015. Read More

Brain Inj 2018 Oct 25:1-8. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

c College of Social Work , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida , USA.

Objective: Investigation into whether coping strategies mediated the relationship of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on depression/anxiety and alcohol and drug problems within incarcerated youth.

Subjects: A non-probability sample of youth (N = 227) adjudicated for a variety of offences.

Methods: Cross-sectional study within two long-term residential facilities for youth offenders in Pennsylvania. Read More

Front Behav Neurosci 2018 8;12:236. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Humans are social beings and the self is inevitably conceptualized in terms of social environment. The degree to which the self is perceived as fundamentally similar or fundamentally different from other people is modulated by cultural stereotypes, such as collectivism and individualism. These stereotypes are not hardwired in our brains and individuals differ in the degree to which they adopt the attitudes that define their culture. Read More

Psychiatry Res 2018 Oct 9;270:568-573. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.

Shyness has been demonstrated to be an important factor associating with social anxiety. However, it is less clear on the mechanisms responsible for such association. The aim of the present study was to examine whether behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and self-esteem mediated the relationship between shyness and social anxiety. Read More

Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018 Dec 19;156:86-95. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.

Background: In healthy adults, successful between-session recall of extinction learning depends on the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), especially when tested in the extinction context. Poor extinction recall and dysfunction within hippocampal-vmPFC circuitry are associated with fear-based disorders (e.g. Read More

Am J Prev Med 2018 Dec 19;55(6):848-855. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Introduction: Skin cancer prevention guidelines recommend practicing multiple behaviors to protect against harmful ultraviolet rays, yet few adults report practicing more than one recommended behavior. This study examines the extent to which skin cancer prevention behaviors are combined and may follow a pattern of compensation in which an individual's performance of one behavior (e.g. Read More

Front Psychol 2018 2;9:1888. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fragmented sleep on followers' leadership preferences. In a counterbalanced experimental study involving 39 followers, changes in leadership preferences were recorded after one night of fragmented sleep (awakened every 80 min during the night), compared to a rested condition with the conditions separated by seven nights. The results showed that the participants rated passive-avoidant leadership less ideal, after one night of fragmented sleep. Read More

J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019 Mar 6;62:112-116. Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background And Objectives: Several treatments are effective in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. We tested the effectiveness of an experimental intervention that consists of elements from two of these: virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The latter is characterized by a dual-task approach: the patient holds a traumatic memory in mind while simultaneously making voluntary eye movements, resulting in reduced vividness and emotionality of the traumatic memory. Read More

Psychooncology 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Health care providers' (HCPs) communication with cancer patients provides both information and support. Younger patient age and greater difficulty accepting support (attachment security) have been linked to poorer communication experiences with HCPs. The present secondary data analysis examined the impact of age group and attachment security on perceived communication problems with HCPs in adults with acute leukemia (AL). Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, and rumination disorder (RD) were added to the revised DSM-5 Feeding and Eating Disorders chapter in 2013. We developed a structured interview-the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI)-to assess the presence and severity of these diagnoses for evaluation and treatment planning in clinical and research settings. Here, we describe the development of the PARDI and provide a preliminary report on feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity in relation to ARFID. Read More

Nutr Hosp 2018 Oct 5;35(5):1049-1053. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Universidad de La Frontera..

INTRODUCCIÓN: the eating behavior is associated with the nutritional status at early ages. However, in Chile there are still no studies that evaluate this relationship in the preschool stage.

Objective: to associate the nutritional status and eating behavior of Chilean preschoolers. Read More

Psychol Med 2018 Oct 10:1-12. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Centre for Addiction & Mental Health,Toronto, Ontario,Canada.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical phenotype that emerges from interactions among genetic, biological, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial factors. In the present family study, we evaluated the familial aggregation of key clinical, personality, and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in probands with BPD (n = 103), first-degree biological relatives (n = 74; 43% without a history of psychiatric disorder), and non-psychiatric controls (n = 99).

Methods: Participants were assessed on DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses, symptom dimensions of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity, 'big five' personality traits, and neurodevelopmental characteristics, as part of a larger family study on neurocognitive, biological, and genetic markers in BPD. Read More

Fam Process 2018 Oct 7. Epub 2018 Oct 7.

Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.

This study examined characteristics of individuals that are associated with being in asymmetrically committed relationships (ACRs), defined as romantic relationships in which there was a substantial difference in the commitment levels of the partners. These ACRs were studied in a national sample of unmarried, opposite-sex romantic relationships (N = 315 couples). Perceiving oneself as having more potential alternative partners was associated with increased odds of being the less committed partner in an ACR compared to not being in an ACR, as was being more attachment avoidant, having more prior relationship partners, and having a history of extradyadic sex during the present relationship. Read More

Patient Educ Couns 2018 Sep 25. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Objective: To examine the relationship between physicians' death anxiety and medical communication and decision-making. It was hypothesized that physicians' death anxiety may lead to the avoidance of end-of-life conversations and a preference for life-prolonging treatments.

Methods: PubMed and PsycInfo were systematically searched for empirical studies on the relation between physicians' death anxiety and medical communication and decision-making. Read More

Clin Psychol Psychother 2018 Oct 4. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Introduction: Children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol might experience more life events, in particular negative, than children living with parents who do not harmfully consume alcohol. They also primarily use less adaptive coping styles and often demonstrate lower resilience. No studies evaluated whether coping styles or psychological well-being might influence the risk of life events occurrence in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol. Read More

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018 10 1;15(1):96. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Background: Although many cross-sectional studies reported that children with overweight or obesity show more food approaching and less food avoidant eating behaviors, there is a lack of replication in longitudinal studies. Therefore, the question remains whether healthcare professionals should target eating behaviors in childhood obesity interventions and prevention. We aimed to examine the longitudinal and possible bi-directional associations between eating behavior and body composition across childhood. Read More

J Pain 2018 Sep 29. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia, Griffith Taylor Building (A19), The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.

Despite widespread use as a chronic pain management strategy, pacing has been linked with higher levels of pain and disability. A recent meta-analysis found a positive correlation between existing measures of pacing and avoidance, which may partially account for these poorer outcomes. A measure was developed to differentiate pacing from avoidance by emphasizing non-pain-contingent pacing behaviors and nonavoidance of pain. Read More

Bio Protoc 2018 Sep;8(17)

Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Maladaptive avoidance behaviors are seen in many stress-related psychiatric illnesses. Patients with these illnesses favor passive, avoidant coping strategies rather than adaptive, active coping strategies. Preclinically, coping strategy can be measured in rats using the shock-probe defensive burying test, wherein rats receive a shock from an electrified probe inserted into a test cage that mimics their home cage environment, and behavioral output (immobility or burying) is recorded for 15 min following the shock. Read More

Turk J Surg 2018 Sep 21:1-5. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Department of General Surgery, Koceli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Objectives: Constipation is the most commonly seen defecation problem and related with several environmental factors. Learning defecation is learned in the childhood anal period in which anal characteristic features appear. Problems in the anal period of childhood may affect not only the characters but also the defecation function. Read More

Psychiatr Danub 2018 Sep;30(3):370-373

Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100-Catanzaro, Italy.