Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Poult Sci 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J has been found to infect many types of chickens with various genetic backgrounds. The ALV-J strain NX0101, which was isolated from broiler breeders in 2001, mainly induces the formation of myeloid cell tumors. However, strain HN10PY01, which was recently isolated from laying hens, mainly induces the formation of myeloid cell tumors and hemangioma. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 5;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.

Influenza viruses, since time immemorial, have been the major respiratory pathogen known to infect a wide variety of animals, birds and reptiles with established lineages. They belong to the family and cause acute respiratory illness often during local outbreaks or seasonal epidemics and occasionally during pandemics. Recent studies have identified a new genus within the family. Read More

Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Virus and Prion Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa.

In 2017, outbreaks of low and highly pathogenic avian H7N9 viruses were reported in four States in the United States. In total, over 270 000 birds died or were culled, causing significant economic loss. The potential for avian-to-swine transmission of the U. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322

Influenza A virus (IAV) has a segmented genome, which () allows for exchange of gene segments in coinfected cells, termed reassortment, and () necessitates a selective packaging mechanism to ensure incorporation of a complete set of segments into virus particles. Packaging signals serve as segment identifiers and enable segment-specific packaging. We have previously shown that packaging signals limit reassortment between heterologous IAV strains in a segment-dependent manner. Read More

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2019 Jan;35(1):49-58

Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

To evaluate the immunogenicity of HA globular head domain of H5 subtype influenza virus (H5HA), the gene of H5HA was optimized and the recombinant pPICZaA-H5HA expressing vector was constructed and transfected into Pichia pastoris. The expression of the recombinant H5HA was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting and the results demonstrated that the recombinant H5HA (37 kDa) was highly expressed in Pichia pastoris with concentration of 0.2 mg/mL in medium. Read More

Viruses 2019 Feb 11;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.

Many cases of human infection with the H7N9 virus have been detected in China since 2013. H7N9 viruses are maintained in chickens and are transmitted to humans at live bird markets. During circulation in birds, H7N9 viruses have accumulated amino acid substitutions in their hemagglutinin (HA), which resulted in an antigenically change in the recent H7N9 viruses. Read More

Virology 2019 Jan 15;530:11-18. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

H5Nx clade 2.3.4. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 11;19(1):138. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.

Background: With an increased incidence of viral zoonoses, there is an impetus to strengthen collaborations between public health, agricultural and environmental departments. This interdisciplinary cooperation, also known as the 'One Health' approach, has received significant support from various stakeholders. However, current efforts and policies still fall short of those needed for an effective One Health approach towards disease control and prevention. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Feb;53(2):229-232

Clinical Laboratory of Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China.

The number of H7N9 bird flu cases was high and the situation was grim in guizhou province in 2017. To understand the molecular characteristics of the hemagglutinin gene (HA) and the risk of human infection with avian influenza virus A(H7N9) in Guizhou Province, 2017. Homology, genetic evolution and pivotal sites related to receptor binding regions, pathogenicity and potential glycosylation of 14 avian influenza viruses A(H7N9) were analyzed by a series of bioinformation softwares. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 May 17;25(5). Epub 2019 May 17.

In the United States, outbreaks of avian influenza H5 and H7 virus infections in poultry have raised concern about the risk for infections in humans. We reviewed the data collected during 2014-2017 and found no human infections among 4,555 exposed responders who were wearing protection. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Feb 10. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and rock pigeons (Columba livia) are all wild birds commonly found in large numbers in and around human dwellings and domestic livestock operations. This study evaluated the susceptibility of these species to three strains of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HP AIV) clade 2.3. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Jan 31;663:793-803. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Zhejiang Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China. Electronic address:

Background: Human infection with the H7N9 virus has been reported recurrently since spring 2013. Given low pathogenicity of the virus in poultry, the outbreak cannot be noticed easily until a case of human infection is reported. Studies showed that the prevalence of influenza A subtype H7 in environmental samples is associated with the number of human H7N9 infection, with the latter associated with meteorological factors. Read More

J Biol Chem 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Tsinghua University, China.

Most neutralizing antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 recognize the receptor-binding site (RBS) on the globular head domain and the stem of H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA). Through comprehensive analysis of multiple human protective antibodies, we previously identified four vulnerable sites (VS1-VS4) on the globular head domain. Among them, the VS1, occupying the opposite side of the RBS on the same HA, was defined by the epitope of antibody 65C6. Read More

Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019 Feb 8:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

a Department of Microbiology , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China.

In this paper, we report a soluble expression based on Escherichia coli and two-step purification of a novel thioredoxin-tagged chicken interferon-α fusion protein (Trx-rChIFN-α) by using pET32a(+) expression system. The mature ChIFN-α gene was amplified by Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subcloned into pET-32a (+) vector prior to transformation into Rosetta (DE3) competent cells. After IPTG induction, the recombinant fusion protein was expressed efficiently in the soluble fraction. Read More

J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018 Dec 23;16(2):757-767. Epub 2018 Feb 23.

VirologyDept, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.

The polymerase complex proteins (PB2, PB1, and PA) are responsible primarily for the replication of avian influenza virus and play an important role in virus virulence, mammalian adaptation, and interspecies transmission. In this study; eight Egyptian LPAI-H9N2 viruses isolated from apparent healthy chickens and quails from 2014 to 2016. Characterization of complete nucleotide sequences, phylogenetic and mutation analysis were carried out. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 7;9(1):1630. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for Influenza, Prague, Czech Republic.

The ongoing evolution of microbial pathogens represents a significant issue in diagnostic PCR/qPCR. Many assays are burdened with false negativity due to mispriming and/or probe-binding failures. Therefore, PCR/qPCR assays used in the laboratory should be periodically re-assessed in silico on public sequences to evaluate the ability to detect actually circulating strains and to infer potentially escaping variants. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 Feb 7;15(2):e1007531. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Virus ecology and evolution play a central role in disease emergence. However, their relative roles will vary depending on the viruses and ecosystems involved. We combined field studies, phylogenetics and experimental infections to document with unprecedented detail the stages that precede initial outbreaks during viral emergence in nature. Read More

Trop Anim Health Prod 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Since 1998, Iran's poultry industry has faced several outbreaks of low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2. Tissue samples were collected from a broiler flock with respiratory symptoms in autumn 2017. After that, virus isolation and confirmation of H9N2 using RT-PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis for all eight genes were performed. Read More

J Vet Res 2018 Dec 31;62(4):413-420. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Laboratory of Influenza Research, Umuahia Abia State, Republic of Korea.

Introduction: Highly pathogenic Asian H5-subtype avian influenza viruses have been found in poultry and wild birds worldwide since they were first detected in southern China in 1996. Extensive control efforts have not eradicated them. Vaccination prevents such viruses infecting poultry and reduces the number lost to compulsory slaughter. Read More

J Virol 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA

Memory B cells (MBCs) are key determinants of the B cell response to influenza virus infection and vaccination, but the effect of different forms of influenza antigen exposure on MBC populations has received little attention. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma collected following human H3N2 influenza infection to investigate the relationship between hemagglutinin-specific antibody production and changes in the size and character of hemagglutinin-reactive MBC populations. Infection produced increased concentrations of plasma IgG reactive to the H3 head of the infecting virus, to the conserved stalk, and to a broad chronological range of H3s consistent with original antigenic sin responses. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2018 22;5:337. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 22;10:18. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.

Since 2013, H7N9 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused sporadic human infections and deaths and continued to circulate in the poultry industry. Since 2014, H7N6 viruses which might be reassortants of H7N9 and H5N6 viruses, have been isolated in China. However, the biological properties of H7N6 viruses are unknown. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Influenza Unit Division of Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050856, Japan.

In Japan during the 2016-2017 winter season, clade 2.3.4. Read More

Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019 Feb 3. Epub 2019 Feb 3.

Environmental Research Division, Water Pollution Research Department, Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt.

Aim: Egypt is the habitat for a large number of bird species and serves as a vital stopover for millions of migratory birds during their annual migration between the Palearctic and Afrotropical ecozones. Surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is critical to assessing risks for potential spreading of these viruses among domestic poultry. Surveillance for AIV among hunted and captured wild birds in Egypt was conducted in order to understand the characteristics of circulating viruses. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.

The inhibitory activities of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Salmonella Infantis (SI) and Escherichia coli (EC) were evaluated. Original GSE contained 0.24% benzalkonium chloride (BZC), however, 0. Read More

Anal Chim Acta 2019 Apr 7;1053:139-147. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China. Electronic address:

The development of biosensors that are portable, low-cost, and quantitative has long been sought for rapid, on-site, and timely detection of avian influenza virus (AIV). In this study, an antibody-based Raman lateral flow immunoassay strip was developed to detect AIV H7N9. This LFIA strip used a novel core-shell structure material, AuAg@AgNPs, as a Raman probe. Read More

Mikrochim Acta 2019 02 2;186(3):155. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.

A method is described for fluorometric determination of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and avian influenza A (H1N1) virus DNA. It is based on the use of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and of glucose oxidase (GOx) assisted dual-recycling amplification. A silver coated glass slide (SCGS) serves as an ideal material for separation. Read More

J Infect 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, KSA; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), Tunis, Tunisia.

The influenza-A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics and presents a pandemic risk with the possibility of genetic re-assortment, allowing the emergence of new strains. The evolution of IAVes is done most often by relatively frequent re-assortment between gene segments, but the hypothesis of their evolution by recombination between RNA segments has not been justified to this date. Here, we examine this hypothesis by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, to test if recombination events have occurred between genomic RNA segments. Read More

Methods 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Avian influenza (AI) is an infectious disease in birds with enormous impact on the poultry sector. AI viruses are divided into different subtypes based on the antigenicity of their surface proteins haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidases (NA). In birds, 16 HA subtypes and 9 NA subtypes are detected in different combinations. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 31;9(1):1031. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

VEEPH Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.

Live bird markets (LBMs) are major targets for avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance programmes. While sampling the LBM environment has become a widely used alternative to the labour-intensive sampling of live poultry, the design of surveillance programmes and the interpretation of their results are compromised by the lack of knowledge about the effectiveness of these sampling strategies. We used latent class models and a unique empirical dataset collated in Vietnamese LBMs to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of five different sample types for detecting AIVs subtypes H5N1 and H5N6: oropharyngeal duck samples, solid and liquid wastes, poultry drinking water and faeces. Read More

Virology 2019 Jan 3;529:135-143. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have become panzootic and caused sporadic human cases since 1998. Based on the poultry-related environmental surveillance data in mainland China from 2013 to 2016, a total of 68 representative environment isolates were selected and further investigated systematically. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Y280-like H9N2 viruses have been predominant during 2013-2016 and acquired multiple specific amino acid substitutions that might favor viral transmission from avian to mammalians. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.

Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) is endemic in wild birds and poultry in Argentina, and active surveillance has been in place to prevent any eventual virus mutation into a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), which is exotic in this country. Risk mapping can contribute effectively to disease surveillance and control systems, but it has proven a very challenging task in the absence of disease data. We used a combination of expert opinion elicitation, multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), and ecological niche modeling (ENM) to identify the most suitable areas for the occurrence of LPAIV at the interface between backyard domestic poultry and wild birds in Argentina. Read More

Vaccine 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States. Electronic address:

Avian influenza in poultry continues to be a great concern worldwide, and the currently licensed inactivated influenza vaccines are not effective against the novel strains of influenza virus that continue to emerge in the field. This warrants the development of more broadly protective influenza vaccines or vaccination regimens. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) and subunit vaccines derived from viral peptides, such as the highly conserved ectodomain of influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2e), can offer a more broadly reactive immune response. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019 Feb 5;11(6):5762-5770. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China.

The fluorescence method has made great progress in the construction of sensitive sensors but the background fluorescence of the matrix and photobleaching limit its broad application in clinical diagnosis. Here, we propose a digital single virus immunoassay for multiplex virus detection by using fluorescent magnetic multifunctional nanospheres as both capture carriers and signal labels. The superparamagnetism and strong magnetic response ability of nanospheres can realize efficient capture and separation of targets without sample pretreatment. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2018 9;6:176. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.

This year marks the 100th anniversary of one of the deadliest pandemic outbreaks, commonly referred as the Spanish Flu, that was caused by influenza A virus (IAV). Since then, IAV has been in governmental agendas worldwide, and a lot of effort has been put into understanding the pathogen's lifecycle, predict and mitigate the emergence of the strains that provoke yearly epidemics and pandemic events. Despite decades of research and seminal contributions there is still a lot to be investigated. Read More

Virology 2019 Jan 19;529:101-110. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan. Electronic address:

Avian-origin influenza viruses like H5N1 and H7N9 often cause severe symptoms with high mortality in humans. Animal models are useful for clarification of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of these infections. In this study, to expand the potential utility of the Northern tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) for influenza virus infection, we assessed the pathogenicity of H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses in tupaia. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2019 Feb;132(3):302-310

Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.

Background: Six epidemic waves of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus have emerged in China with high mortality. However, study on quantitative relationship between clinical indices in ill persons and H7N9 outcome (fatal and non-fatal) is still unclear. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect laboratory-confirmed cases with H7N9 viral infection from 2013 to 2015 in 23 hospitals across 13 cities in Guangdong Province, China. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, P. R. China.

Avian H7N9 subtype influenza virus infects human with high case-fatality rate since it emerged in 2013. Although the vaccination has been rapidly used in poultry due to the emergence of highly pathogenic strain, this virus remains prevalent in this region. Thus, rapid diagnosis both in poultry and human clinic is critically important for the control and prevention of H7N9 infection. Read More

Rev Esp Quimioter 2019 Feb 23;32(1):1-5. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Jordi Reina, Unidad de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca. Spain.

Baloxavir marboxil (5-hydroxy-4-pyridone-3-carboxyl acid) is a new antiviral drug with special efficacy on influenza viruses that acts by inhibiting the cap-dependent endonuclease required for its replication. It is the first representative of the so-called inhibitors of influenza-like PB2. It has shown efficacy against influenza viruses A and B and most strains of animal origin (avian flu). Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Exotic Disease Inspection Division, Laboratory Department, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

A new reassortant H7N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from a duck meat product that was illegally taken on board a passenger flight from China to Japan in March 2018. Sequencing analysis revealed that the H7N3 isolate, A/duck/Japan/AQ-HE30-1/2018 (Dk/HE30-1) (H7N3), was a reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) that contained the haemagglutinin (HA) gene of Chinese H7N9 HPAIV. Dk/HE30-1 (H7N3) possessed a novel polybasic sequence motif PEVPKRRRTAR/GLF at the HA cleavage site that has never previously been reported in H7 HPAIVs. Read More

J Gen Virol 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

1​The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK.

The accessory protein, PB1-F2, of influenza A virus (IAV) functions in a chicken host to prolong infectious virus shedding and thus the transmission window. Here we show that this delay in virus clearance by PB1-F2 in chickens is accompanied by reduced transcript levels of type 1 interferon (IFN)-induced genes and NFκB-activated pro-inflammation cytokines. In vitro, two avian influenza isolate-derived PB1-F2 proteins, H9N2 UDL01 and H5N1 5092, exhibited the same antagonism of the IFN and pro-inflammation induction pathways seen in vivo, but to different extents. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.

The emergent highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) (HPAI) virus is a major public concern in China. Therefore, it is crucially important to develop an effective vaccine against this virus. In this study, we constructed a baculovirus vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) of H7N9 strain A/Chicken/Jiaxing/148/2014 (JX148). Read More

Data Brief 2019 Feb 23;22:643-646. Epub 2018 Dec 23.

TETIS, Univ. of Montpellier, AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS, Irstea, Montpellier, France.

Monitoring animal health worldwide, especially the early detection of outbreaks of emerging pathogens, is one of the means of preventing the introduction of infectious diseases in countries (Collier et al., 2008) [3]. In this context, we developed PADI-web, a Platform for Automated extraction of animal Disease Information from the Web (Arsevska et al. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2018 8;5:324. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Whilst the serological responses of poultry following vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has been extensively investigated under laboratory conditions, there have been fewer studies conducted in the field. This applies particularly to the endemically infected countries routinely practicing vaccination, where the combination of multiple circulating clades and/or the use of vaccines with different seed strains makes the design and interpretation of field studies especially problematic. To address this for the particular situation of layer hens in the small to medium commercial sector in Indonesia, we developed a sampling regime before and after the vaccination given to point-of-lay pullets, and assessed serological response with a panel of test antigens. Read More

PeerJ 2019 16;7:e6268. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP) and Excellent Center of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

In Vietnam, vaccination has played a crucial role in the national strategy for the prevention and control of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This study aimed to evaluate antibody responses of immunologically naïve domestic ducks to H5N1 avian influenza vaccine currently used in the national mass vaccination program of Vietnam. Blood samples of 166 ducks reared on smallholder farms were individually collected at three sampling time points, namely, right before vaccination, 21 days after primary vaccination, and 21 days after booster vaccination. Read More

J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019 Jan 22:1-11. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

a Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain.

Tamiflu® (oseltamivir phosphate, OST) is an antiviral drug used for the pandemic treatment of avian influenza but few data are available regarding its toxicity. It should be noted that acute adverse responses are not likely to occur due to low environmental presence of this drug. Nonetheless, water concentration levels of this compound may reach the µg/L range under influenza episodes. Read More

Poult Sci 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.

A total of 50 poultry farms of commercial broilers (N = 39) and commercial layers (N = 11) suffered from respiratory problems and mortality during the period from January 2016 to December 2017 were investigated. Also, samples were collected from quail (N = 4), Bluebird (Sialis, N = 1), and Greenfinch (Chloris chloris, N = 1) for analysis. Respiratory viral pathogens were screened by PCR and positive samples were subjected to virus isolation and genetic identification. Read More

J Infect 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China. Electronic address:

Objective: The newly emerged highly pathogenic (HP) H7N9 avian influenza virus during Wave Five has caused 28 human infections, while differences in disease severity between low pathogenic (LP)- and HP-H7N9 human infections remain unclear.

Methods: Clinical data, concentrations of serum cytokines, dynamics of virus shedding and PaO/FiO from patients infected with LP-H7N9 (n = 7, LP group) and HP-H7N9 (n = 5, HP group) viruses during Wave Five were compared. In addition, critical mutations associated with H7N9 virulence in mammal/human were analyzed. Read More