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Transplant Direct 2021 Jun 25;7(6):e705. Epub 2021 May 25.

Center for Transplantation Science, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Background: In kidney transplantation, long-term allograft acceptance in cynomolgus macaques was achieved using a mixed-chimerism protocol based on the clinically available reagents, rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), and belatacept. Here, we have tested the same protocol in cynomolgus macaques transplanted with fully allogeneic lung grafts.

Methods: Five cynomolgus macaques underwent left orthotopic lung transplantation. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 17;8:547849. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Department of Immunology, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the major cause of kidney transplant rejection. The donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody (DSA) response to a renal allograft is not fully understood yet. mTOR complex has been described in the accommodation or rejection of transplants and integrates responses from a wide variety of signals. Read More

Liver Transpl 2021 Mar 2. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation/Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are life-threatening neoplasms after organ transplantation. Because of their rarity and multiple grades of malignancy, the incidence, outcomes, and clinicopathological features affecting patient survival after liver transplantation (LT) remain unclear. We reviewed 1,954 LTs in 1,849 recipients (1990-2020), including 886 pediatric (<18 years of age) and 963 adult recipients. Read More

Transplantation 2021 Feb 4. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Dr. Jack S. Remington Laboratory for Specialty Diagnostics, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Radiology, Thoracic Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Radiology, Neuroimaging and Neuro-intervention, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Background: Toxoplasmosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant-recipients (HSCT) can be life threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Methods: We performed a systematic review (PubMed last search 03/29/2020) of toxoplasmosis among HSCT-recipients and calculated the toxoplasmosis prevalence across studies. We also created a compilation list of brain imaging, chest imaging and autopsy findings of toxoplasmosis among HSCT-recipients. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2021 Feb 3:e13582. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is common in organ transplant recipients and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Cutaneous CMV findings are rarely reported in the literature and diagnosis can be delayed if not clinically recognized. We describe a case of a female patient 20 years post renal transplant who presented with extensive ulcerative skin lesions and diarrhea. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2020 Nov 20;10(4):e2020206. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.

We present the first report of two rare yet remarkably similar autopsy cases of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and intravascular human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) positive lymphoproliferative disorder in renal transplant patients. It is well established that HHV8 infection causes Kaposi sarcoma (KS). More recently, it is recognized that HHV8 is also related to several lymphoproliferative conditions. Read More

J Chemother 2020 Dec 17:1-7. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.

Infective Endocarditis (IE) carries significant mortality. Bacteremia, which is a predisposing factor for IE, occurs more frequently in immunocompromised individuals. Interestingly, IE in kidney transplant recipients has not been adequately described. Read More

J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2020 Dec 19;21:100197. Epub 2020 Oct 19.

The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kansas City, KS, United States.

Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow growing nontuberculous mycobacterium which prefers cooler temperatures and requires iron for growth. It usually causes skin and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised hosts and cervical lymphadenitis in healthy children. We present the case of fatal disseminated M. Read More

J Nephrol 2020 Dec 5;33(6):1369-1372. Epub 2020 Sep 5.

Medical Department 1, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625, Herne, Germany.

SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by a multiorgan tropism including the kidneys. Recent autopsy series indicated that SARS-CoV-2 can infect both tubular and glomerular cells. Whereas tubular cell infiltration may contribute to acute kidney injury, data on a potential clinical correlative to glomerular affection is rare. Read More

Clin Neuropathol 2021 Jan-Feb;40(1):47-56

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging human pathogen responsible for a systemic disease with generally indolent clinical course in immunocompetent hosts. Solid organ transplant recipients are vulnerable to WNV-induced encephalitis (WNVE) with no effective treatment and high mortality. We systematically assess various nuclei of the central nervous system in two human autopsy cases of WMVE using in situ hybridization (ISH) in combination with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Read More

Bone Marrow Transplant 2021 01 8;56(1):282-284. Epub 2020 Jul 8.

Center for Hematologic Malignancies, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.

Mycoses 2020 Sep 4;63(9):952-963. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.

Background: Invasive fungal infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. Moreover, Fungal Infective Endocarditis (FIE) is a rare infection that carries a higher mortality than bacterial IE in normal host, while in transplant recipients may be even higher. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of FIE in solid organ and allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients, describe the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of these infections, and to identify risk factors for mortality by FIE. Read More

Histopathology 2020 07 12;77(1):156-159. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Renal Transplantation, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.

J Clin Med 2020 Mar 5;9(3). Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Immunology Service, Murcia Institute of Biosanitary Research (IMIB) and Biomedical Research Center in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), 30120 Murcia, Spain.

The significance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in liver transplantation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of DSAs in a large cohort of 810 liver recipients undergoing liver transplant to determine the influence on acute (AR) or chronic liver rejection (CR), graft loss and allograft survival. DSAs were identified using complement dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch (CDC-CM) and multiplexed solid-phase-based flow cytometry assay (Luminex). Read More

Surgery 2020 06 26;167(6):991-998. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

Background: Long-term outcomes after face transplantation are rarely reported in the scientific literature. Here we present outcome data of a partial face allograft recipient 10 years after transplantation.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed for functional and psychosocial outcomes as well as complications. Read More

Blood Adv 2020 01;4(2):420-421

Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Blood Adv 2019 11;3(22):3602-3612

Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is potentially curative for patients with hematologic disorders, but carries significant risks of infection-related morbidity and mortality. Infectious diseases are the second most common cause of death in HCT recipients, surpassed only by progression of underlying disease. Many infectious diseases are difficult to diagnose and treat, and may only be first identified by autopsy. Read More

Blood Adv 2019 11;3(21):3287-3296

Macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). We hypothesized that galectin-3, Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP), or Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)+-M2BP, called M2BP glycan isomer (M2BPGi), might contribute to macrophage activation, and fibrosis would be associated with cGVHD and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Patients who underwent their first allogeneic HSCT and survived for >180 days without relapse were included. Read More

Transpl Int 2020 02 18;33(2):130-141. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Detailed data on postoperative death in lung transplant (LTx) recipients are lacking. Therefore, we investigated all deaths after LTx in a large, single-centre, 25-year follow-up cohort. Prevalence, time, place and cause of death (COD) were retrospectively analysed for all patients undergoing primary LTx between July 1991 and December 2015 in our centre. Read More

Transplant Proc 2019 Jun;51(5):1502-1505

Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho 465, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto-prefecture, Japan.

Background: Isolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (SMAD) is considered a relatively rare disease. Especially, isolated SMAD following liver transplant has been rarely reported.

Report Of Cases: Among 96 consecutive adult recipients who underwent liver transplant at our institution, 3 recipients (3. Read More

Med Mycol 2019 Apr;57(Supplement_2):S94-S103

Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Pasteur Infectious Diseases Center, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) incidence is increasing in several countries like France, and numerous cases are indeed missed and still only diagnosed at autopsy as evidenced by recently published data. Such missed diagnoses are obviously encountered when appropriate diagnostic tools are not available especially in low resource areas or when biologists have not been trained enough in medical mycology (i.e. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Jun 22;25(6):463-466. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous fungus that is increasingly becoming the cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. However, the risk factors and optimal treatment modality for E. dermatitidis infection are unknown to date. Read More

Ann Transplant 2018 Dec 27;23:879-887. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic combined para-orthotopic pancreas and orthotopic kidney transplantation in a pig model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve white female pigs, (4-5 months old, weight range 40-45 kg) were used as donors and recipients, and 6 laparoscopic-combined pancreas and kidney transplantations were performed. After bilateral nephrectomy, the pancreatic artery and vein were anastomosed to the right renal artery and vein, respectively, and the pancreatic fluid was diverted to the duodenum or jejunum. Read More

Transplant Proc 2018 Dec 7;50(10):3783-3788. Epub 2018 Sep 7.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Electronic address:

Pulmonary complications following solid organ transplantation are common and often infectious in nature. Articles describing noninfectious pulmonary complications overwhelmingly rely on clinical and radiographic data. There are a limited number of studies with companion histology delineating the clinical diagnoses of pulmonary complications. Read More

Virchows Arch 2019 Mar 12;474(3):365-374. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.

Reconstitution of hepatocytes by hematopoietic stem cells-a phenomenon which occurs in rodents under highly selective conditions-results from infrequent fusion between incoming myelomonocytes and host hepatocytes, with subsequent proliferation. Human hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients have been little studied, with some support for transdifferentiation (direct differentiation). We studied routinely obtained autopsy liver tissue of four female hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with male donors, using a highly specific conjoint immunohistochemistry in situ hybridization light microscopic technique. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2019 02 25;23(1):e13311. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Surgery, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Dr. Prof. JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Cancer is a major adverse outcome of solid organ transplantation, and risks are especially high for malignancies caused by viral infections. HHV-8 is the etiologic agent of Kaposi´s sarcoma (KS). We report a case of visceral KS occurring in a 15-year-old patient after lung transplantation. Read More

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018 11;77(11):1001-1004

Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis is a rare necrotizing infection of the CNS that occurs most commonly in immunocompromised individuals and is usually fatal. It is difficult to diagnose as the clinical symptoms and radiographic findings are often mistaken for other bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan infections. Herein, we present the case of a 69-year-old heart transplant recipient who suffered fulminant neurological decline ∼5 months after transplant. Read More

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018 09 9;24(9):1861-1865. Epub 2018 Jun 9.

Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

Autopsy may confirm clinical diagnoses or identify conditions that were not suspected prior to a patient's death. Previous studies evaluating the utility of autopsy in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients yielded conflicting results. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children (<18 years of age) undergoing allogeneic HSCT at Duke University who died of any cause between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2016. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2017 Oct-Dec;7(4):37-41. Epub 2017 Dec 8.

St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Department of Pathology. Detroit, MI, USA.

Disseminated toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals. Infection is contracted from handling contaminated soil, cat litter, or through the consumption of contaminated water or food. It is the third most common lethal foodborne infection in the United States. Read More

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018 03 16;24(3):571-580. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an increasingly used treatment for hematologic malignancies as well as for nonmalignant diseases. Kidney impairment remains an important early and late post-transplantation complication. Although numerous histopathological changes have been reported, the pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Read More