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    953 results match your criteria Autoimmune Thyroid Disease & Pregnancy

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    Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in pregnancy: A comment from the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and the Italian Thyroid Association (AIT) to the 2017 ATA guidelines. "The Italian Way".
    Thyroid 2018 Apr 12. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
    Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Endocrinologia Area Medica , Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa Italy , Pisa, Italy , 56124 ;
    The 2017 ATA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum were published six years after the previous ones. They provide comprehensive clinical recommendations for the whole spectrum of thyroid diseases as well as for optimal iodine intake during pregnancy, post-partum and lactation. The present position statement mainly regards the recommended flow-chart for therapeutic decision making in pregnant women being diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Read More
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    Hyperthyroidism in an infant of a mother with autoimmune hypothyroidism with positive TSH receptor antibodies.
    J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018 Mar 1. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
    Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
    Background: Neonatal hyperthyroidism is rare, seen in infants of mothers with Graves' disease (GD), with transplacental transfer of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies (TRAbs). We describe a neonate with severe hyperthyroidism due to TRAbs, born to a mother with autoimmune hypothyroidism.

    Case Presentation: A baby boy born preterm at 35 weeks had irritability, tachycardia and proptosis after birth. Read More
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    Insulin autoimmune syndrome in a pregnant female: A rare case report.
    Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(51):e9213
    Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
    Rationale: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia related to insulin-binding autoantibodies. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of a pregnant female with IAS.

    Patient Concerns: The 26-year-old patient with Graves disease and 10 weeks pregnant developed IAS after approximately 6 months treatment with methimazole. Read More
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    Thyroid and Assisted Reproduction Technologies: A Brief Clinical Update with Recommendations for Practice.
    Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2018 ;18(3):194-200
    Division of Endocrinology, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Piazza Muratore, 1. 73100, Lecce, Italy.
    Background And Objective: Infertility is a common disease that in about one third of cases has a female cause and often requires assisted reproduction technologies (ART) to conceive. Also thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), with or without hypothyroidism, is a common disease, particularly in females, and referral for endocrine consultation is not infrequent.

    Discussion: In the last 15 years a remarkable amount of studies has been published that investigated the pathophysiology of women suffering from TAI, who undergo ART. Read More
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    Association of Hysteroscopic vs Laparoscopic Sterilization With Procedural, Gynecological, and Medical Outcomes.
    JAMA 2018 01;319(4):375-387
    Department of Epidemiology of Health Products, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), Saint-Denis, France.
    Importance: Safety of hysteroscopic sterilization has been recently questioned following reports of general symptoms such as allergy, tiredness, and depression in addition to associated gynecological results such as pelvic pain, perforation of fallopian tubes or uterus, and unwanted pregnancy.

    Objective: To compare the risk of reported adverse events between hysteroscopic and laparoscopic sterilization.

    Design, Setting, And Participants: French nationwide cohort study using the national hospital discharge database linked to the health insurance claims database. Read More
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    Exophthalmos in a young woman with no graves' disease - a case report of IgG4-related orbitopathy.
    BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Jan 12;18(1). Epub 2018 Jan 12.
    Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
    Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-rd) is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and tissue fibrosis. Orbital manifestations of IgG4-rd may include unilateral or bilateral proptosis, cicatricial extraocular muscle myopathy, orbital inflammation and pain which may mimic ophthalmic Graves' disease.

    Case Presentation: A 25-year-old woman has been referred to the endocrinology clinic, 4 months after delivery, with suspected Graves' orbitopathy. Read More
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    Autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy.
    Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017 Dec 12. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
    Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA. Electronic address:
    Understanding of changes in thyroid function and the consequences of thyroid disease during pregnancy has rapidly grown in the past two decades, and revised American Thyroid Association guidelines on this topic were published in 2017. This Review explores the association between thyroid autoimmunity and complications during and after pregnancy. Thyroid autoimmunity refers to the presence of antibodies to thyroperoxidase or thyroglobulin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs), or a combination of these, and is present in up to 18% of pregnant women. Read More
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    [Thyroid screening in pregnancy - guideline in practice].
    Vnitr Lek Fall 2017;63(9):555-560
    Thyroid diseases may adversely affect the conception, maintain pregnancy. They increase the risk of complications in pregnancy and may have a negative effect on the fetus. Therefore it is necessary to capture thyroid diseases in the population of pregnant women, in the early stage of pregnancy. Read More
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    Benign thyroid disease in pregnancy: A state of the art review.
    J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2016 Dec 23;6:37-49. Epub 2016 Nov 23.
    Endocrinology and Diabetes, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
    Thyroid dysfunction is the commonest endocrine disorder in pregnancy apart from diabetes. Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development in the embryonic phase. Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy may have significant adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as preterm delivery, preeclampsia, miscarriage and low birth weight. Read More
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    There is no association between the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies and increased reproductive loss in pregnant women after ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    JBRA Assist Reprod 2017 Dec 1;21(4):361-365. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
    Reproductive Medicine Unit at Clinica Monteblanco.
    Women submitted to ART treatments represent a select subgroup of individuals. Several studies have described the relationship between TAI and pregnancy outcomes as a result of ART, with contradictory results. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the association between TAI and the risk of miscarriage in pregnancies resulting from ART. Read More
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    Ketosis-prone diabetes and SLE co-presenting in an African lady with previous gestational diabetes.
    Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017 6;2017. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
    Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
    We describe the case of an African woman who was diagnosed with ketosis-prone diabetes with diabetes-associated autoantibodies, after being admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) precipitated by her first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She had a seven-year history of recurrent gestational diabetes (GDM) not requiring insulin therapy, with return to normoglycaemia after each pregnancy. This might have suggested that she had now developed type 2 diabetes (T2D). Read More
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    MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review.
    Eur J Endocrinol 2017 Nov;177(5):R261-R273
    Institute for Social Science ResearchUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
    Background: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy may lead to persistent neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring appearing in later life. This study aimed to review the available evidence concerning the relationship between maternal thyroid status during pregnancy and offspring behavioural and psychiatric disorders.

    Methods: Systematic electronic database searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycNET, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane library. Read More
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    Severe selenium deficits in pregnant women irrespective of autoimmune thyroid disease in an area with marginal selenium intake.
    J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017 Dec 4;44:186-191. Epub 2017 Aug 4.
    Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
    Objectives: Selenium (Se) deficiency is related to an increased risk of preterm labor, miscarriage, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and other obstetric complications. As the Se status declines during pregnancy, we hypothesized that the decline may be exacerbated in women with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).

    Material And Methods: Pregnant women (n=74; 30 [23-38] years) were consecutively recruited from the district of Warsaw, Poland, and divided into healthy subjects (HS, n=45), and women with a diagnosis of AITD (AITD, n=29). Read More
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    Parity and Risk of Thyroid Autoimmunity Based on the NHANES (2001-2002, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012).
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Sep;102(9):3437-3442
    Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502.
    Context: Autoimmune thyroid disease is more common in women than in men. Fetal microchimerism has been implicated as a potential explanation for this disparity.

    Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parity and thyroid autoimmunity in the US population. Read More
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    Thyroid Autoimmunity and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Not Such a Trivial Association.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017 21;8:175. Epub 2017 Jul 21.
    Department of Internal Medicine, Archet-1 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France.
    Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that manifests as recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and/or pregnancy-related complications in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies measured at least 3 months apart. APS occurs either as a primary condition or as a part of an underlying disorder, usually systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Otherwise, APS may be frequently associated with autoimmune disorders. Read More
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    Vitamin D deficiency in an Italian cohort of infertile women.
    Am J Reprod Immunol 2017 Oct 3;78(4). Epub 2017 Aug 3.
    Polymedical Center for Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion, Rome, Italy.
    Problem: The purpose of this study was to explore whether vitamin D might be a marker of female primary infertility in association with the presence of autoimmune diseases (ADs).

    Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in consecutive outpatients of the Polymedical Center for Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA), in Rome, Italy. Women were eligible if they received a diagnosis of primary infertility or RSA. Read More
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    Autoimmune hypothyroidism is three times more frequent in female prolactinoma patients compared to healthy women: data from a cross-sectional case-control study.
    Endocrine 2017 Sep 19;57(3):486-493. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
    University Hospital of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria.
    Background: The potent immunomodulatory action of prolactin has been demonstrated in many experimental in vitro studies. In accordance with these data, our retrospective analyses revealed higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases in prolactinoma patients compared to general population.

    Purpose: A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out in a single tertiary referral centre. Read More
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    Risk Factors for Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction in Euthyroid Women Prior to Pregnancy.
    Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2017 06;59(2):190-196
    Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
    Background: Thyroid dysfunction is common during the postpartum and the predisposing factors for its development are considered specific for the population studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) in euthyroid women prior to pregnancy.

    Materials And Methods: Forty-five women with PPTD and 55 age-matched euthyroid postpartum women from Plovdiv, Bulgaria were included in the study. Read More
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    The microbiota and autoimmunity: Their role in thyroid autoimmune diseases.
    Clin Immunol 2017 10 6;183:63-74. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
    Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
    Since the 1970s, the role of infectious diseases in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD) has been an object of intensive research. The last decade has witnessed many studies on Yersinia enterocolitica, Helicobacter pylori and other bacterial organisms and their potential impact on GD. Retrospective, prospective and molecular binding studies have been performed with contrary outcomes. Read More
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    Medical conditions associated with recurrent miscarriage-Is BMI the tip of the iceberg?
    Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017 Jul 3;214:91-96. Epub 2017 May 3.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, 7937, South Africa.
    Background: In contrast to sporadic miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a rare entity which affects 1% of couples attempting conception. It is distressing for couples and healthcare professionals as the aetiology is unclear with limited treatment options. Apart from anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), the strength of associations between RM and commonly investigated endocrine, autoimmune, thrombophilic and uterine structural abnormalities remains uncertain and variable. Read More
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    Genomic answers for recurrent spontaneous abortion in Saudi Arabia: An array comparative genomic hybridization approach.
    Reprod Biol 2017 Jun 18;17(2):133-143. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
    Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:
    To study the genomics/genetic factors associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), as ∼50% of RSA are unexplained. However, chromosome abnormalities have been reported to play major role in RSA. We performed whole genome array-CGH based genomic analysis of forty four Saudi RSA patients to identify potential molecular and chromosomal abnormalities. Read More
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    A Retrospective Study on the Association between Thyroid Autoantibodies with β2-glycoprotein and Cardiolipin Antibodies in Recurrent Miscarriage.
    Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017 Feb;16(1):72-76
    Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
    Etiologic factors for recurrent miscarriage (RM) include autoimmune diseases, the most frequently antiphospholipid syndrome and thyroiditis. Some women who suffer from RM might also have an altered immune system. We aimed to evaluate possible associations between anti-thyroid and anti-phospholipid antibodies in women with RM. Read More
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    Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism before 20 weeks of pregnancy have a higher risk of miscarriage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    PLoS One 2017 17;12(4):e0175708. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
    The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
    Objective: To evaluate the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and the risk of miscarriage before 20 weeks of pregnancy.

    Methods: Literature databases were searched, including the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases, from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2015. The following search terms were used: subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid dysfunction, thyroid hypofunction, subclinical thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction, pregnancy loss, abortion and miscarriage. Read More
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    Clinical clues for autoimmunity and neuroinflammation in patients with autistic regression.
    Dev Med Child Neurol 2017 09 6;59(9):947-951. Epub 2017 Apr 6.
    Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Aim: Autistic regression is a unique variant within the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), with recent reports raising the possibility of immune aetiology. This study explores clinical clues for an association between autistic regression and autoimmunity.

    Method: Single-centre charts of children diagnosed with ASD in 2014 were reviewed. Read More
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    Increase in thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels, but not preterm birth-rate, in pregnant Danish women upon iodine fortification.
    Eur J Endocrinol 2017 May;176(5):603-612
    Departments of Medical EndocrinologySection 2132.
    Objective: The presence of thyroid antibodies in pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth. In the non-pregnant population, the implementation of the Danish iodine fortification program has increased the prevalence of thyroid antibodies. This study investigated the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) in pregnant Danish women before, during and after implementation of the iodine fortification program and association with preterm birth. Read More
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    Imprinting of maternal thyroid hormones in the offspring.
    Int Rev Immunol 2017 Jul 8;36(4):240-255. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
    a Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas , Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello , Santiago , Chile.
    Thyroid hormones (THs) during pregnancy contribute significantly to cellular differentiation and development in several tissues of the offspring, principally the central nervous system (CNS). TH deficiencies, such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, are highly frequent during pregnancy worldwide and known to be detrimental for the development of the fetus. The function of CNS in the offspring gestated under TH deficiency will be irreversible impaired, causing low intellectual quotient, attention deficit, and mental retardation. Read More
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    Urinary iodine in early pregnancy is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in Tianjin, China: an observational study.
    BMC Endocr Disord 2017 Feb 17;17(1):10. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
    Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
    Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes and neurodevelopment disorders. Both iodine deficiency and excess are associated with SH; however, few data regarding iodine nutrition status of pregnant women with SH are available. This study aimed to clarify whether iodine deficiency or excess is associated with SH, especially, when test results for anti-thyroid autoantibodies are negative. Read More
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    Thyroid in pregnancy: From physiology to screening.
    Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017 Mar 19;54(2):102-116. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
    c Division of Internal Medicine , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland.
    Thyroid hormones are crucial for the growth and maturation of many target tissues, especially the brain and skeleton. During critical periods in the first trimester of pregnancy, maternal thyroxine is essential for fetal development as it supplies thyroid hormone-dependent tissues. The ontogeny of mature thyroid function involves organogenesis, and maturation of the hypothalamus, pituitary and the thyroid gland; and it is almost complete by the 12th-14th gestational week. Read More
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    Management of Fetal and Neonatal Graves' Disease.
    Horm Res Paediatr 2017 16;87(1):1-6. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
    Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1141, DHU Protect, Paris, France.
    Fetal and neonatal autoimmune hyperthyroidism is a rare, serious but transient disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are key objectives for an optimal prognosis and the well-being of the child. This review focuses on the management of these patients during the fetal and neonatal periods. Read More
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    Ethnic Differences in Preterm Birth Risks for Pregnant Women with Thyroid Dysfunction or Autoimmunity: A Meta-analysis.
    Biomed Environ Sci 2016 Oct;29(10):724-733
    Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China.
    Objective: Abnormal maternal thyroid function is associated with preterm birth. However, this association stays dubious in relevant individual studies for ethnic difference reasons and lack of direct supporting data. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preterm birth and thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity based on ethnic differences. Read More
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    Effects of levothyroxine treatment on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease.
    Eur J Endocrinol 2017 02 22;176(2):253-265. Epub 2016 Nov 22.
    Endocrine Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran.
    Background: Despite some studies indicating that thyroid antibody positivity during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, evidence regarding the effects of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment of euthyroid/subclinical hypothyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease on pregnancy outcome is limited. We aimed to assess whether pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease, but without overt thyroid dysfunction are affected by higher rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, we aimed to explore whether LT4 treatment improves the pregnancy outcome of affected women. Read More
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    A 2016 Italian Survey about the Clinical Use of Selenium in Thyroid Disease.
    Eur Thyroid J 2016 Sep 6;5(3):164-170. Epub 2016 Aug 6.
    Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy.
    Background: Selenium (Se) is a trace element that plays key roles in thyroid physiology. Se deficiency is associated with increased risk of thyroid disease. Some evidence suggests that Se supplementation may be beneficial in autoimmune thyroid disease (either hypo- or hyperthyroidism). Read More
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    Fetal/Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis in a Newborn From a Hypothyroid Woman With Hashimoto Thyroiditis.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jan;102(1):6-9
    Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III.
    Context: Fetal/neonatal thyrotoxicosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. It is most commonly observed in poorly controlled Graves disease during pregnancy.

    Case Description: Here we describe a fetus/newborn patient with thyrotoxicosis who was born of a woman with Hashimoto thyroiditis and levothyroxine-treated hypothyroidism. Read More
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    Onset of Graves' disease during pregnancy in a woman with established hypothyroidism.
    Gynecol Endocrinol 2017 Jan 4;33(1):16-18. Epub 2016 Nov 4.
    a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Spain.
    Background: Pregnancy strongly influences the thyroid gland and its function. Thyroid guidelines recommend a 30 to 50% increase of the preconceptional levothyroxine dose in women with hypothyroidism, when pregnancy is diagnosed.

    Case: A 33 year-old, 8-week pregnant woman with hypothyroidism, presents with a 2-week history of palpitations, sweating, nervousness and fatigue. Read More
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    Frequency of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody and its Association with Miscarriages Among Pregnant Women.
    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016 Oct;26(10):831-834
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
    Objective: To measure the frequency of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) among clinically euthyroid pregnant women during first trimester and determine its association with pregnancy outcome as miscarriage or live birth by estimating the relative risk.

    Study Design: Cohort study.

    Place And Duration Of Study: Section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Gynaecology and Obstetric outpatient clinics of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from July to December 2012. Read More
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    Unexpected Elevated Free Thyroid Hormones in Pregnancy.
    Thyroid 2016 11 14;26(11):1640-1644. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
    2 Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina , Messina, Italy .
    Background: The use of thyrotropin and free thyroid hormone assays to evaluate thyroid function is widespread, but in some situations the results are inconsistent with the patient's thyroid status.

    Summary: A 35-year-old woman with a known diagnosis of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was referred to the authors' clinic at week 26 of her second pregnancy. The patient was clinically euthyroid. Read More
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    Overview of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy.
    Semin Reprod Med 2016 11 14;34(6):323-330. Epub 2016 Oct 14.
    Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
    Overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy, defined as an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reduced serum free thyroxine or a TSH >10 mIU/L, is known to have adverse effects on pregnancy. Subclinical hypothyroidism is typically defined as an elevated TSH and normal FT4 levels. There remains much controversy on the benefit of starting levothyroxine for mothers diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Read More
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    Managing hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: current perspectives.
    Int J Womens Health 2016 19;8:497-504. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
    Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
    Hyperthyroidism in women who are of childbearing age is predominantly of autoimmune origin and caused by Graves' disease. The physiological changes in the maternal immune system during a pregnancy may influence the development of this and other autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, pregnancy-associated physiological changes influence the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones and challenge the interpretation of thyroid function tests in pregnancy. Read More
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    [Endocrine problems during pregnancy].
    Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2016 Sep 6;141(18):1304-12. Epub 2016 Sep 6.
    Endocrine disorders may have an important influence on fertility, the course of a pregnancy and fetal development. For example, fertility is decreased and the risk of miscarriage is increased in women with autoimmune disorders, such as Addison's disease or autoimmune thyroiditis. Treatment of endocrine diseases in many cases has to be adapted during the course of a pregnancy. Read More
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    Hypothyroidism incidence in and around pregnancy: a Danish nationwide study.
    Eur J Endocrinol 2016 Nov 10;175(5):387-93. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
    Departments of Endocrinology Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
    Objective: Immunological changes in and after a pregnancy may influence the onset of autoimmune diseases. An increased incidence of hyperthyroidism has been observed both in early pregnancy and postpartum, but it remains to be studied if the incidence of hypothyroidism varies in a similar way.

    Design: Population-based cohort study using Danish nationwide registers. Read More
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    DRUG UTILIZATION IN TREATMENT OF THYROID DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY IN SERBIA.
    Med Pregl 2016 Jan-Feb;69(1-2):11-5
    Introduction: Depleted uranium radiation and pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls resulting from bombings the territories of Serbia as well as the additional long-term stress may have affected the function of thyroid gland. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of drug utilization in the treatment of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy in Novi Sad.

    Material And Methods: Women who had given birth at the Department of Gynecology in 1989, 1999, 2007 and 2011 were interviewed during a one-month period about thyroid diseases in the pregnancy as well as the drugs they had taken. Read More
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    Genetic Syndromes, Maternal Diseases and Antenatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
    Front Neurosci 2016 6;10:316. Epub 2016 Jul 6.
    Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew UniversityJerusalem, Israel; Department of Neonatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.
    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affecting about 1% of all children is associated, in addition to complex genetic factors, with a variety of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal etiologies. In addition, ASD is often an important clinical presentation of some well-known genetic syndromes in human. We discuss these syndromes as well as the role of the more important prenatal factors affecting the fetus throughout pregnancy which may also be associated with ASD. Read More
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    Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?
    Eur J Endocrinol 2016 Sep 22;175(3):191-9. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
    Endocrine Unit
    Objective: Thyroid disorders and iron deficiency (ID) are associated with obstetrical and fetal complications. Iron is essential for the normal functioning of thyroid peroxidase (TPO-abs) and ID is frequent during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and dysfunction during the first trimester of pregnancy in women with and without ID. Read More
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    A primer on pituitary injury for the obstetrician gynecologist: Simmond's disease, Sheehan's Syndrome, traumatic injury, Dahan's Syndrome, pituitary apoplexy and lymphocytic hypophysitis.
    Minerva Ginecol 2017 Apr 13;69(2):190-194. Epub 2016 Jul 13.
    McGill Reproductive Center, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
    The pituitary gland plays a critical role in reproduction. In response to the hypothalamus the anterior pituitary secretes prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adreno-corticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and growth hormone. Dysregulation in these hormones often lead to reproductive failure. Read More
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    [The role of color doppler ultrasonography, thyroid function and auto antibody for the screening of Graves' disease in pregnancy].
    Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2016 Jun;55(6):470-3
    Department of Endocrinology Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.
    Objective: To determine whether color doppler ultrasonography (CDU), thyroid function or thyroid autoimmune antibodies could identify Graves' disease in pregnancy(GDP) in pregnant patients with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis.

    Methods: It is an observational study. Sixty-eight pregnant patients with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis including gestational hyperthyroidism(GHT) subjects (GHT group, n=33) and GDP subjects (GDP group, n=35), and 62 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects (C1 group: pregnant, n=32, C2 group: non-pregnant, n=30) were recruited. Read More
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    Anti-C1q autoantibodies are linked to autoimmune thyroid disorders in pregnant women.
    Clin Exp Immunol 2016 10 12;186(1):10-7. Epub 2016 Aug 12.
    Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel.
    Anti-C1q antibodies (anti-C1q) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between anti-C1q and thyroid function in pregnancy-associated AITD. In 96 pregnant women screened positive for AITD (thyroid dysfunction and/or antibodies against thyroperoxidase - TPOAb), anti-C1q were measured during the 9-11th gestational week and after delivery (median 16 months after delivery), and compared to the corresponding serum levels of thyroid hormones. Read More
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    Effect of thyroid autoimmunity per se on assisted reproduction treatment outcomes: A meta-analysis.
    Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016 Apr;55(2):159-65
    Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China; Reproductive Center, Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China. Electronic address:
    Objective: Thyroid autoimmunity (TA) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease in women of reproductive age and is often accompanied by subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Both TA and SCH have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but their relative influence is unclear. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the sole effect of TA on pregnancy outcomes in euthyroid women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Read More
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    Blood: tests used to assess the physiological and immunological properties of blood.
    Adv Physiol Educ 2016 Jun;40(2):165-75
    Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
    The properties of blood and the relative ease of access to which it can be retrieved make it an ideal source to gauge different aspects of homeostasis within an individual, form an accurate diagnosis, and formulate an appropriate treatment regime. Tests used to determine blood parameters such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, bleeding and clotting times, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, and determination of blood groups are routinely used clinically, and deviations outside the normal range can indicate a range of conditions such as anemia, pregnancy, dehydration, overhydration, infectious disease, cancer, thyroid disease, and autoimmune conditions, to mention a few. As these tests can be performed relatively inexpensively and do not require high levels of technical expertise, they are ideally suited for use in the teaching laboratory, enabling undergraduate students to link theory to practice. Read More
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    Impact of thyroid autoimmunity on cumulative delivery rates in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients.
    Fertil Steril 2016 07 29;106(1):144-150. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
    Department of Gynecology and Fertility, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tivoli, La Louvière, Belgium.
    Objective: To predict the impact of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) on the probability of delivery after a defined number of treatment cycles, using analysis of cumulative delivery rates in patients with and without TAI.

    Design: Retrospective cohort study performed at the Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brussels, approved by the institutional review board of the hospital.

    Setting: University hospital. Read More
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