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Front Immunol 2019 1;10:344. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

The etiopathologies behind autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) unravel misbehavior of immune components leading to the corruption of immune homeostasis where thyroid autoantigens turn foe to the self. In AITDs lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid shows up a deranged immune system charging the follicular cells of the thyroid gland (thyrocytes) leading to the condition of either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The inflammation in AITDs consistently associate with ER function due to which disturbances in the ER protein homeostasis leads to unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Mar 12;8(3). Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul 03722, Korea.

The 1858T allele in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) locus shows one of the strongest and most consistent genetic associations with autoimmune diseases. We synthesized all meta-analyses reporting a genetic association of the PTPN22 1858T C/T polymorphism with autoimmune diseases. This work examined their validity to discover false positive results under Bayesian methods. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2019 Feb 15;25(2). Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, New York.

Pretibial myxedema or thyroid dermopathy constitutes dermal deposition of mucin, primarily hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. It is a manifestation of autoimmune thyroiditis, seen more in Graves disease than in Hashimoto thyroiditis. The time delay from treatment of hyperthyroidism to appearance of localized myxedema varies from one month to 16 years (mean 5. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.

Background: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that can be disfiguring and potentially sight threatening. Suppression of inflammation in active disease can reduce the risk of visual loss and limit long-term sequelae. Current management involves inflammation suppression using glucocorticoids. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Mar 12;9(1):4213. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Cigarette smoking is believed to affect thyroid function and autoimmune thyroid disease. However, there is little information to analyze their association using objective biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effect of smoking on thyroid hormones and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) using urinary cotinine levels and a population-based cohort. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 25;10:109. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Aim of this mini review was to analyze the main variables which should be taken into account when the decision regarding a possible treatment with L-T4 has to be considered for a child with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). The indications of periodical monitoring and vigilance have been also discussed. It was inferred that therapy should be recommended for children with underlying Hashimoto's thyroiditis and progressive deterioration of thyroid status over time, particularly in the cases with goiter and hypothyroid symptoms and in those with associated Turner syndrome or Down's syndrome and/or other autoimmune diseases. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway, and University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.H.L., R.O., H.S.).

Background: Hashimoto disease is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Despite adequate hormone substitution, some patients have persistent symptoms that may be the result of immunologic pathophysiology.

Objective: To determine whether thyroidectomy improves symptoms in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis who still have symptoms despite having normal thyroid gland function while receiving medical therapy. Read More

J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.

Background: Although increasing data suggest that hyperthyroidism is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, there are only a few reports with different conclusions on whether the mild transient reduction in thyrotropin (TSH) with or without free thyroxine (FT4) elevation during the early stage of pregnancy also causes adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Subjects And Methods: We analyzed data from 3,783 women in this study from August 2011 to December 2013. Participants completed a questionnaire survey. Read More

Clin Chem Lab Med 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, CHU Lille, Lille, France.

Endokrynol Pol 2019 ;70(1):86-100

Deptartment of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a typical membrane receptor with 7-transmembrane helix domain (7TMR), coupled to the G protein. The mature receptor, present in the cell membrane, is composed of the A subunit comprising a large extracellular domain, and the B subunit, which consists of a short extracellular fragment anchored in the cell membrane and an intracellular part. The TSH receptor is subject to numerous post-translational modifications that determine its final structure and significantly affect its activity. Read More

Endocrine 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Human Pathology Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Purpose: In 236 pregnant women, we showed that selective or predominant consumption of swordfish (group A) was associated with high rates of positivity for serum thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb and TgAb) throughout day 4 postpartum. In contrast, selective or predominant consumption of oily fish (group B) was associated with TPOAb and TgAb negativity. Rates were intermediate in group C (scanty consumption of swordfish) and group D (consumption of fish other than swordfish and oily fish). Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2019 Feb 26. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.

Immunoglobulin gamma (Ig) type 4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immunologic systemic disorder that has gained worldwide recognition in the past decade. This entity can affect almost every organ system, and its characteristic lesions have been found in a variety of organs such as lacrimal and salivary glands, pancreas, liver, bile ducts, lungs, kidneys, retroperitoneum, breast, aorta, thyroid, and prostate. This case reports a very rare case of IgG4-RD presenting with a cutaneous lesion in a young female patient mimicking a lymphoproliferative disorder. Read More

Endocr Connect 2019 Mar 1. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

X Mao, Nanjing First Hospital, Nangjing, 210012, China.

Objective: Thyroid nodules are usually accompanied by elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) level and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). However, the relationship between Tg and AITDs is not fully understood. Dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays important role in the development of AITDs. Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019 Feb 26. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai. China.

Objective: Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland with unknown etiologies. Recently, interlukin-33/ST2 (IL-33/ST2) pathway has been revealed its participation in the process of several autoimmune diseases. In this study, the role of IL-33/ST2 pathway in the development of HT is investigated. Read More

Endocr J 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Graves' Disease is a representative autoimmune thyroid disease that presents with hyperthyroidism. Emerging evidence has shown the involvement of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its producing enzyme, autotaxin (ATX), in the pathogenesis of various diseases; among them, the involvement of the ATX/LPA axis in some immunological disturbances has been proposed. In this study, we investigated the association between serum ATX levels and Graves' disease. Read More

Endocr J 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia.

T helper (Th) 17 cells and interleukin (IL)-17 play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). However, it has recently become clear that Th17 cells are more heterogeneous and exhibit two different phenotypes, whereas IL-23 and IL-1β are crucial for the generation of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes. We aimed to investigate the association between IL-17 and Th17-promoting cytokines in AITD by studying the immunoexpression patterns of IL-17, IL-23, and IL-1β in thyroid tissue. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 26;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, USA.

A 24-year-old man with no significant medical history presented to the medical clinic with vomiting and giddiness for 2 days, loss of appetite for 1 month and progressive fatigability for the preceding 4 months. On examination, he was found to be hypotensive and was admitted to the hospital for work-up. Considering his abnormal labs and physical findings, he was worked up and was diagnosed with primary adrenal insufficiency. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(8):e14630

Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.

Rationale: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects the lungs and kidneys. Limited reports of perioperative management of such patients were primarily concerned with airway stenosis. Here, we report a patient with AAV who developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) early after radical thyroidectomy. Read More

PLoS One 2019 27;14(2):e0212638. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.

Gallbladder mucocele formation is an emerging disease in dogs characterized by increased secretion of condensed granules of gel-forming mucin by the gallbladder epithelium and formation of an abnormally thick mucus that can culminate in obstruction of the bile duct or rupture of the gallbladder. The disease is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and its pathogenesis is unknown. Affected dogs have a significantly increased likelihood of concurrent diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia. Read More

Clin Epigenetics 2019 Feb 26;11(1):34. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.

Epigenetic pathways play a pivotal role in the development and function of the immune system. Over the last decade, a growing body of studies has been published out seeking to explain a correlation between epigenetic modifications and the development of autoimmune disorders. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly by regulating gene expression. Read More

Eur Thyroid J 2019 Jan 16;8(1):56-58. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Background: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by reduced or absent melanin synthesis. Its prevalence is approximately one in 17,000 individuals worldwide. OCA causes a complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. Read More

Cent Eur J Immunol 2018 31;43(4):399-404. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Grave's disease (GD) is a form of thyroid autoimmune disease characterised by hyperthyroidism. It is a rare clinical problem in paediatrics. Development of disease is the result of genetic susceptibility and some environmental factors. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 20;20(4). Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland.

Focal thyroid lesions are common ultrasound findings with the estimated prevalence up to 67% of the population. They form characteristically enveloped regions with individual encapsulated microenvironment that may involve the specific distribution of immune system compounds-especially antigen presenting cells (APC). We analyzed and compared the most potent APC-plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells (DCs) subpopulations and three monocyte subpopulations as well as other immune cells-in peripheral blood and local blood of thyroid gland obtained parallelly in patients with focal thyroid lesions using flow cytometry. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 19;20(4). Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.

The role of autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been discussed for almost three decades. Nonetheless, studies are still scarce and widely controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review on the possible complications associated to autoantibodies (AA) impeding the chances of a successful IVF cycle. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Medical University Department, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.

Early diagnosis of thyroid disorders is key to further treatment. We assessed the ability of a high-throughput proton NMR metabolomic profile to distinguish disease type amongst of Graves' disease (n=87), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n=17), toxic goiter (n=11), and autoimmune thyroiditis [i. e. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Objective: Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH）is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland. In the study, we aim to characterize LYH at presentation and focus on the management and prognosis of LYH.

Methods: The retrospective study of patients with LYH was conducted between 2011 and 2018 at a single institute. Read More

Endocrine 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Endocrinology, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.

Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate, in patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease (GD), the frequency of islet autoantibodies including autoantibodies against Zink transporter 8 (ZnT8A), as well as to investigate the relation between thyroid autoantibodies, islet autoantibodies and diabetes both before GD diagnosis and at follow-up.

Methods: Blood samples from 278 patients with newly diagnosed GD were analyzed for autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA2-A), three variants of zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), thyroid peroxidase (TPOA) and the TSH receptor (TRAb). Information on other autoimmune diseases, as well as development of diabetes during follow up was gathered from patient's medical journal. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Feb 16;112:108583. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China. Electronic address:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that are only 21-25 nt long. Many studies have shown that miRNA dysfunction is closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases. By combining with the 3' noncoding region of target gene mRNA, miRNAs can mediate the degradation or translation inhibition of mRNA and exert a powerful regulation effect on gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, mainly inhibiting the translation or degradation of targets. Read More

Int J Endocrinol 2019 15;2019:7429187. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201318, China.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). We selected three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of , namely, rs1061501, rs1131665, and rs1061502 for genotyping using PCR-based ligase detection reaction (LDR) method in a total of 1659 participants (592 with Graves' disease, 297 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 770 healthy controls). Gene-disease and genotype-clinical phenotype associations were evaluated for the three SNPs. Read More

J Autoimmun 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, PR China. Electronic address:

Interleukin-21 (IL-21), an autocrine cytokine predominantly produced by follicular helper T (Tfh) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been proven to play an important role in the immune system, for example, by promoting proliferation and the development of Tfh and Th17 cells, balancing helper T cell subsets, inducing B cell generation and differentiation into plasma cells, and enhancing the production of immunoglobulin. These effects are mainly mediated by activation of the JAK/STAT, MAPK and PI3K pathways. Some IL-21 target genes, such as B lymphocyte induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), CXCR5 and Bcl-6, play important roles in the immune response. Read More

Endocrine 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Purpose: Polymorphic variants of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) genes are implicated in dysregulated immune homeostasis and autoimmune disorders. We analyzed the association between CTLA-4 rs231775 and FOXP3 rs3761548, rs3761549 polymorphisms and predisposition to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), inclusive of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) in South-Indian population.

Methods: A total of 355 AITD subjects (comprising 275 HT and 80 GD) and 285 randomly selected age- and sex-matched control subjects were genotyped for the aforementioned polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP method. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

SS is a chronic, autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology for which there is no known curative treatment. Although dryness of the eyes and mouth are the classically described features, patients often experience drying of other mucosal surfaces and systemic manifestations, including fatigue and arthralgia. There is an association with other autoimmune diseases, especially thyroid disease, coeliac disease and primary biliary cholangitis. Read More

J Ultrason 2018 ;18(75):349-354

Imperial College NHS Trust, Western Eye Hospital , London , UK.

Pathological processes within the orbits are a heterogeneous group of diseases of various etiologies, clinical pictures and therapy models. Due to poor access to the orbits in a clinical examination, imaging plays a significant role in both diagnosis and treatment monitoring in patients with an orbital pathology. One of such imaging modalities is ultrasonography. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Feb 14:300060518816873. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

4 Neurology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland.

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune pathology characterized by hyperthyroidism and the presence of specific anti-thyroid antibodies. Neurological symptoms such as seizures, cognitive impairment, and tremor can be observed during the course of GD, but more complex movement disorders such as chorea and myoclonus are less frequent. The mechanisms underlying movement disorders in GD are not fully understood. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2019 Feb 8;3(2):496-503. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Context: The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is a key regulator in T-cell activation and tolerance, limiting effector T-cell function in peripheral tissues. Atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, is approved for treatment of some types of advanced cancer. Its main treatment-related adverse events are immune related, such as thyroid dysfunction and hypophysitis. Read More

Biochimie 2019 Feb 10;160:34-45. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address:

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the key enzyme involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. Autoantibodies to TPO (TPOAbs) are a hallmark of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Here, we highlight recent progress over several years in understanding TPO biochemistry and function in various pathologies. Read More

Food Chem Toxicol 2019 Apr 5;126:1-6. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Sulforaphane is a redox-active natural product present in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. Broccoli sprout-derived products are promising agents for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases, but some have long been suspected of thyroidal toxicity. Recent findings also raise the possibility that long-term exposure to sulforaphane, or to other natural substances or drugs that modulate the activity of the transcription factor Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor 2) may lead to thyroid dysfunction or thyroid autoimmune disease, questioning the safety of trials with sulforaphane-containing products. Read More

Thyroid 2019 Mar 27;29(3):430-438. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

1 Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

Background: Physiological changes in maternal thyroid function during pregnancy necessitate the use of pregnancy-specific reference ranges. Dynamic changes in thyrotropin (TSH) within the first trimester of pregnancy have been reported, but more evidence is needed to substantiate the findings. The objective of this study was to estimate pregnancy week-specific reference ranges for maternal TSH and free thyroxine (fT4) in early pregnancy. Read More

JCI Insight 2019 Feb 7;4(3). Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

It has been reported that 2.5%-30% of human peripheral CD27- B cells are autoreactive and anergic based on unresponsiveness to antigen receptor (BCR) stimulation and autoreactivity of cloned and expressed BCR. The molecular mechanisms that maintain this unresponsiveness are unknown. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Objective: Polyamines are indispensable polycations and play important physiological roles in living cells. Some polyamine metabolites have been associated with autoimmune disorders. The aims of this study were to profile polyamine metabolites in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and predict whether polyamine metabolites are associated with thyroid hormone, thyroid autoantibodies or disease progression. Read More

Ultrasound Q 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Radiology, Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.

The local shear wave speed (in meters per second) and Young modulus (in kilopascals) of normal thyroid glands were defined in healthy children to determine reference values.This prospective study assessed 107 pediatric cases (age interval, 3-17 years; mean, 9.37 ± 3. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2019 Feb 6;25:1024-1031. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a common endocrine autoimmune disease. The present study explored corneal nerve changes in TAO patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-eight Chinese TAO patients and 20 healthy individuals were included in the study. Read More

Endocr Pract 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

From: 1Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, The Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Objective: Epidemiologic studies on the relationship between iodine and thyroid antibodies were inconsistent. Iodine nutrition, genetic and environmental factors have been shown to modify the effects of iodine on thyroid autoimmunity. We investigated the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) in individuals living in iodine sufficient areas in this cross-sectional study. Read More

Cytokine 2019 Apr 1;116:128-133. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address:

Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis with a complex pathogenesis including environmental factors, genetic background and immune system actions. Despite the large-scale research and discovery of new subpopulations of lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines and their functions in the human body, the ethiology of ATD in many aspects remains a mystery. This article tries to summarize mostly the immunological aspects of this disease, including the roles of different cells types (dendritic cells, B cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, NK cells and regulatory T cells) and of different cytokines (secreted by Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22 lymphocyte subpopulations and other, including the IL-23 and CXCL10). Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018 17;9:813. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) had a great impact in cancer therapy. ICIs display a peculiar toxicity profile, which is characterized by autoimmune-like manifestations against multiple organs, including endocrine glands. We hereby report the case history of two patients who experienced nivolumab-induced endocrine immuno-related adverse events (irAEs). Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018 17;9:810. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to be a risk factor in patients with GO. Moreover, GO can be more frequent and severe in type 2 diabetes patients. Read More

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2019 Feb 31;144(3):152-155. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Funktionsbereich Spezielle Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf.

Diagnosis:  Also accordingly to the recent European Thyroid Association Guidelines 2018, TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) measurement is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of Graves' disease (GD) and to distinguish from autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Bioassays are used for distinguishing stimulating from blocking antibodies and are used for scientific questions.

Therapy:  According to the current guidelines - and with exception for pregnant women - the use of thiamazol/carbimazole is generally favored from propylthiouracil (PTU). Read More

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019 Feb;32(2):159-165

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Background Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder due to loss of expression of paternally transcribed genes of the imprinted region of chromosome 15q11-13. PWS is characterized by peculiar signs and symptoms and many endocrine abnormalities have been described (growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). The abnormalities of thyroid function are discussed in literature and published data are discordant. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018 16;9:811. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic organ-specific autoimmune diseases and mainly include Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). CD14 is an important component of the immune system as a receptor for gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The genetic polymorphisms of CD14 have been confirmed to be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2018 Dec;28(6):750-763

Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Departments of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Vitiligo is associated with (autoimmune) thyroid disease. However, confounding factors, including type and onset of vitiligo, require elucidation. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify vitiligo patients with increased risk of (autoimmune) thyroid disease. Read More