Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.

Conduct disorder (CD) is a heterogeneous pattern of rule-breaking and aggressive symptoms. Until now it has been unclear whether valid, clinically useful symptom profiles can be defined for populations in youth at high-risk of CD. Interview-based psychiatric disorders, CD symptoms and officially recorded offences were assessed in boys from a detention facility and a forensic psychiatric hospital (N = 281; age 11. Read More

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The widely reported association between ADHD and overweight may be attributable to genetic and environmental factors also present in unaffected family members. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between ADHD and overweight within families. A cohort was used of families with at least one member with ADHD, recruited as part of the Dutch node of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, with assessments taking place between 2003 and 2006, 2009 and 2012, and 2013 and 2015. Read More

Biol Psychiatry 2019 Mar 1. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam.

Background: Previous studies have reported associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and DNA methylation in children. We report the first epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, based on peripheral blood DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylation450K array) in three population-based adult cohorts.

Methods: An epigenome-wide association study was performed in the Netherlands Twin Register (N = 2258, mean age 37 years), Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (N = 800, age 38 years), and Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 1631, age 18 years), and results were combined through meta-analysis (total sample size N = 4689). Read More

J Affect Disord 2019 Apr 8;252:394-403. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, but adult-ADHD is still an under-diagnosed and untreated condition. Treating adult-ADHD is complex and requires effective strategies for ADHD symptoms and comorbidities. Because of its high comorbidity rate with mood disorders and the growing interest in symptoms of emotional dysregulation in these patients, our aim was to collect studies that investigated temperament correlates in adult people with ADHD, to better understand the association between them and the eventual role of temperament as a prognostic-therapeutic marker. Read More

J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Apr 1;28(1):30-41. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

Objective: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the decisional needs of parents of children with ADHD and disruptive and aggressive behaviour to inform the creation of a patient decision aid.

Method: A one-day meeting of researchers, community advocacy partners, and 11 parents of children (age range eight to 21) with aggressive and disruptive behaviour associated with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder was held. This meeting consisted of a two-hour educational session on the assessment and management of aggressive and disruptive behaviour in children and patient decision aids, followed by two concurrent focus groups to determine the decisional needs of parents. Read More

Int J Obes (Lond) 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.

Background/objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence, is associated with obesity in observational studies. However, it is unclear whether ADHD contributes to, results from or is merely correlated with obesity. This study evaluates the presence and direction of a causal effect between ADHD and obesity. Read More

J Dual Diagn 2019 Apr 18:1-12. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

b Department for Applied Psychology: Work Education and Economy , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.

Objective: Psychiatric comorbidities are highly prevalent among individuals affected by substance use disorders and those with non-substance-related addictive disorders such as gambling disorder. More recently, the frequent co-occurrence of substance use disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has received particular attention. The aim of our study was to identify patterns of psychiatric comorbidity and to examine associations between patient group and ADHD status with class membership. Read More

Drug Alcohol Depend 2019 Feb 14;199:59-67. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Background: Given a rapidly changing policy landscape, we sought to characterize the effects of state marijuana laws on parents' views of marijuana use by their teenage children.

Methods: Data are from 595 respondents to a nationally administered, web-based survey of parents of adolescents (ages 13-18 years) with any of three chronic conditions (type 1 diabetes, rheumatic disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to model the effects of parents' reports of state cannabis laws on their views toward marijuana use by their child. Read More

Clin EEG Neurosci 2019 Apr 18:1550059419842707. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

2 Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Event-related potentials (ERPs) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) population have been extensively studied using the time-domain representation of signals but time-frequency domain techniques are less explored. Although, adult ADHD is a proven disorder, most of the electrophysiological studies have focused only on children with ADHD.

Methods: ERP data of 35 university students with ADHD and 35 control adults were recorded during visual continuous performance task (CPT). Read More

JAMA Psychiatry 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.

Importance: The role of large, rare copy number variants (CNVs) in neuropsychiatric disorders is well established, but their association with common psychiatric disorders, such as depression, remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the association of a group of 53 CNVs associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and burden of rare CNVs with risk of depression.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study used data from the UK Biobank study sample, which comprised 502 534 individuals living in the United Kingdom. Read More

Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2019 Jan-Mar;41(1):83-86. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Dipartimento Salute Mentale, ASL CN1, Saluzzo, CN, Italy.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder persisting in adulthood in 40-60% of cases. Clinical and neuroimaging studies suggest that patients affected by both drug addiction and ADHD show higher rates of craving for drug than patients without ADHD. We designed a pilot open-label study to investigate the effects of ADHD on craving for heroin in methadone maintenance therapy patients. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Apr 16:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

1Sports Medicine Center and.

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to determine which variables assessed during an initial clinical evaluation for concussion are independently associated with time until symptom resolution among pediatric patients.METHODSData collected from a prospective clinical registry of pediatric patients with concussion were analyzed. The primary outcome variable was time from injury until symptom resolution. Read More

Psychol Med 2019 Apr 17:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University,Malmö,Sweden.

Background: We introduce and apply an elegant, contrastive genetic-epidemiological design - Maternal Half-Sibling Families with Discordant Fathers - to clarify cross-generational transmission of genetic risk to alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug abuse (DA) and major depression (MD).

Method: Using Swedish national registries, we identified 73 108 eligible pairs of reared together maternal half-siblings and selected those whose biological fathers were discordant for AUD, DA and MD, and had minimal contact with the affected father. We examined differences in outcome in half-siblings with an affected v. Read More

Assessment 2019 Apr 16:1073191119842255. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

1 Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) is a widely used scale that measures the core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there are contradictory findings regarding factor structure. Factor structure and measurement equivalence/invariance analysis on parent and teacher SNAP-IV for children referred for an ADHD assessment ( N = 250; 6-17 years), revealed a two-factor structure provided the best fit. Read More

Depress Anxiety 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Recent findings suggest an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thus, we evaluated the clinical associated features of ADHD in a large sample of adult OCD patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including 955 adult patients with OCD from the Brazilian Research Consortium of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (C-TOC). Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

MHH Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie.

Background: Impairments of sound discrimination, speech comprehension in background noise, memory, etc. can be assessed within the diagnosis of an auditory processing and perception disorder (AVWS) in a structured manner using the questionnaire (DGPP-AVWS-FB) provided by the German Society for Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology. The aim is to report on experiences with the use of this questionnaire in a pedaudiology practice. Read More

World J Biol Psychiatry 2019 Apr 16:1-29. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

e Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.

Objectives: The electrophysiological characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and recent machine learning methods promise easy-to-use approaches that can complement existing diagnostic tools when sufficiently large samples are used. Neuroalgorithms are models of multidimensional brain networks by means of which ADHD patient data can be separated from healthy control data.

Methods: Spontaneous electroencephalographic and event-related potential (ERP) data were collected three times over the course of two years from a multicentre sample of adults comprising 181 patients with ADHD and 147 healthy controls. Read More

J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2019 Apr 16:1-17. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

b Center for Children and Families , Florida International University.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of 2 clinic-based psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and identify characteristics that facilitate patient-modality matching. Culturally diverse adolescents with ADHD (N = 123) were randomized to 1 of 2 versions of a parent-teen psychosocial treatment for ADHD (Supporting Teens' Autonomy Daily [STAND]): (a) group parent and adolescent skills training or (b) dyadic skills training blended with motivational interviewing. Participants were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up on ADHD symptom severity and functional treatment targets. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019 Mar;44(6):1220-1226

Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023,China.

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of baicalin on the growth state of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder animal model and its regulation on Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2.In the present study,a total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into model group,methylphenidate hydrochloride group,and low,medium,and high dose baicalin groups,with 8 rats in each group.Eight WKYrats were selected as a normal control group. Read More

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, UK.

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018 Nov 28;18(4):e455-e460. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cognitive and behavioural changes among 9-14-year-old Omani children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) after an adenotonsillectomy (AT).

Methods: This naturalistic observational study was conducted at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2012 and December 2014. Omani children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) underwent overnight polysomnography and those with confirmed OSA were scheduled for an AT. Read More

Pediatr Res 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background: Sensory modulation disorder (SMD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can co-occur and have overlapping symptoms, thus challenging practitioners. This study aimed to phenotypically explore parent-child associations in SMD, and the interplay between SMD- and ADHD-related symptoms in children with SMD and their parents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study examined 70 parents (n = 35 mothers; n = 35 fathers) and their 35 children with and without SMD, aged 4-6 years. Read More

J Affect Disord 2019 Apr 10;252:160-173. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3 piso, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

Background: The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The diet during childhood has been investigated as a factor potentially involved in the ADHD etiology.

Objective: To review systematically the evidence of the association between dietary patterns and ADHD. Read More

Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

Background: Adults with a history of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Black drinkers are at elevated risk for alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder. Processes that increase risk for these distinct populations have not focused on in-the-moment behaviors that occur while drinking. The present study examined in-the-moment drinking characteristics (i. Read More

Riv Psichiatr 2019 Mar-Apr;54(2):84-89

Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an early onset clinical condition characterized by attention difficulties, hyperactivity and impulsivity which can persist across the lifespan, significantly influencing the evolutionary course and facilitating the rise of psychiatric comorbidities. The presence of different ADHD subtypes in adults is a heterogeneity factor to be recognized in order to orient prognosis and treatment, as indicated by studies that described differences in the characterization of different subtypes in relation to both severity and comorbidities.

Materials And Methods: In the present study we evaluated the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of adults with ADHD and the characteristics associated with the different disorder subtypes. Read More

J Dev Behav Pediatr 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Leumit HMO, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objective: To assess the interactions between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including diabetes outcomes and patients' general health status.

Methods: Primary care and hospital records of patients aged 5 to 18 years with T1DM were analyzed using the Leumit Health Services database. The diabetic control and general health of patients with T1DM and ADHD diagnoses were compared with those of patients with T1DM alone in a cross-sectional study. Read More

J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2019 Apr 15:1-9. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

d Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of Colorado Boulder.

The objective was to determine the proportion of trait (consistency across occasions) and occasion-specific variance in sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom ratings. A single trait factor-multiple state factors model was applied to parent ratings of SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD symptoms for 978 children (50% female) across prekindergarten (M= 4.90 years), kindergarten (M = 6. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2019 29;10:309. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Gene-targeted mice with deficient AMPA receptor GluA1 subunits ( mice) show robust hyperlocomotion in a novel environment, suggesting them to constitute a model for hyperactivity disorders such as mania, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This behavioral alteration has been associated with increased neuronal activation in the hippocampus, and it can be attenuated by chronic treatment with antimanic drugs, such as lithium, valproic acid, and lamotrigine. Now we found that systemic cannabidiol strongly blunted the hyperactivity and the hippocampal c-Fos expression of the mice, while not affecting the wild-type littermate controls. Read More

Indian J Psychol Med 2019 Mar-Apr;41(2):195-196

Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

J Med Econ 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

b The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Health Outcomes Division , United States.

Objectives: To examine suboptimal response (SR) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among pediatric patients in the Texas Medicaid program receiving osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) or lisdexamfetamine (LDX) and apply an SR prediction model to identify patients most likely to experience an SR to either OROS-MPH or LDX therapies.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Texas Medicaid claims data of ADHD children and adolescents (6 to 17 years of age) initiating OROS-MPH or LDX. Primary SR endpoints were drug discontinuation, switching, and augmentation 12-months post ADHD drug initiation. Read More

Child Care Health Dev 2019 Apr 14. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Evidence suggests that physical and mental illness are strongly correlated in children. This study examined patterns of the chronicity of multimorbidity (co-occurring physical and mental illness); estimated homotypic continuity; and, modelled factors associated with chronicity in children newly diagnosed with a chronic physical illness.

Methods: Children aged 6-16 years diagnosed with one of asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, food allergy, or juvenile arthritis were recruited from two children's hospitals and followed for six months. Read More

J Neurooncol 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Blvd., 10211 CTRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Purpose: Survivors of pediatric brain tumors often have neurodevelopmental late effects, such as inattention. Symptoms may mirror those of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which affects ~ 5-8% of the general population. This retrospective study of survivors followed at a large tertiary care center examined the prevalence of a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, and risk factors associated with ADHD diagnosis and ADHD-related medication use. Read More

Res Dev Disabil 2019 Apr 10;89:120-129. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

The Open University of Israel, Israel.

Background: Higher-education students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often face difficulties in self-regulation of learning (SRL). Studies of typical students have shown that SRL is less effective for digitally displayed texts. The current study investigated the influence of the media (digital, print) on reading comprehension and self-monitoring (a component of SRL) in higher-education students with and without ADHD. Read More

J Affect Disord 2019 Apr 9;252:60-67. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 542 No.161, Yu-Pin Rd, Caotun Township, Nantou, Taiwan, R.O.C.. Electronic address:

Background: Studies have reported an association between allergy and panic disorder. However, few studies have explored the relationship between allergic rhinitis and panic disorder. Previous studies were limited by cross-sectional study designs, self-reported symptoms, absence of matched controls, and lack of consideration of the influence of steroid and comorbidities. Read More

Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 217 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.

This study aimed to evaluate the utility of a novel, more cost-effective driving simulator, Assetto Corsa (AC), in detecting differences in driving performance between individuals with and without ADHD. Driving simulators are a useful means of assessing driving performance in those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, they are frequently expensive and thus unavailable to many researchers. A total of 87 participants (16 with ADHD, 71 without) completed an AC driving simulator task. Read More

Transl Psychiatry 2019 Apr 12;9(1):137. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.

We previously provided initial evidence for cognitive and event-related potential markers of persistence/remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. Here, using a novel brain-network connectivity approach, we aimed to examine whether task-based functional connectivity reflects a marker of ADHD remission or an enduring deficit unrelated to ADHD outcome. High-density EEG was recorded in a follow-up of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 typically developing individuals during an arrow-flanker task, eliciting cognitive control. Read More

PLoS One 2019 12;14(4):e0215095. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications in neuropsychiatric diseases. Its application in neurodevelopmental disorders especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is in early stage and promising but its effectiveness has not been systematically examined yet. We conducted a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of tDCS on the most studied neuropsychological symptoms of ADHD, which is the first reported meta-analysis of tDCS studies on ADHD. Read More

Can J Psychiatry 2019 Apr;64(4):246-255

5 In alphabetical order: Tracie O. Afifi (University of Manitoba), William R. Avison (Western University), Kathryn Bennett (McMaster University), Terry Bennett (McMaster University), Khrista Boylan (McMaster University), Michael H. Boyle (McMaster University), Michelle Butt (McMaster University), John Cairney (University of Toronto), Corine Carlisle (University of Toronto), Kristin Cleverley (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto), Ian Colman (University of Ottawa), Jinette Comeau (King's University College at Western University), Charles Cunningham (McMaster University), Scott Davies (University of Toronto), Claire de Oliveira (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto), Melanie Dirks (McGill University), Eric Duku (McMaster University), Laura Duncan (McMaster University), Jim Dunn (McMaster University), Mark A. Ferro (University of Waterloo), Katholiki Georgiades (McMaster University), Stelios Georgiades (McMaster University), Andrea Gonzalez (McMaster University), Geoffrey Hall (McMaster University), Joanna Henderson (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto), Magdalena Janus (McMaster University), Jennifer Jenkins (University of Toronto), Melissa Kimber (McMaster University), Ellen Lipman (McMaster University), Harriet MacMillan (McMaster University), Ian Manion (Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research), John McLennan (University of Ottawa), Amelie Petitclerc (Northwestern University), Anne Rhodes (University of Toronto), Graham Reid (Western University), Peter Rosenbaum (McMaster University), Roberto Sassi (McMaster University), Louis Schmidt (McMaster University), Cody Shepherd (Simon Fraser University), Noam Soreni (McMaster University), Peter Szatmari (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto), Brian Timmons (McMaster University), Juliana Tobon (McMaster University), Ryan Van Lieshout (McMaster University), Charlotte Waddell (Simon Fraser University), Li Wang (McMaster University), Christine Wekerle (McMaster University).

Objectives: To present the 6-month prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and mental health-related service contacts in a sample of children (4 to 11 years) and youth (12 to 17 years) in Ontario.

Methods: The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study is a provincially representative survey of 6537 families with children aged 4 to 17 years in Ontario. DSM-IV-TR mental disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and included mood (major depressive episode), anxiety (generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobia), and behaviour disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder). Read More

J Pediatr Psychol 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Dev Med Child Neurol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Psychological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

Aim: To evaluate neuropsychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with hypothalamic hamartoma.

Method: We retrospectively analysed case notes for all individuals with hypothalamic hamartoma referred to Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, between 2000 and 2016. In addition, a systematic review aiming to identify all previous paediatric case series was performed. Read More

Epilepsia 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.

Objective: The true prevalence of epileptic seizures and epilepsy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is unknown, because previous studies have relied on historical medical record review. Read More

Acta Neuropathol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Halogenated organic compounds are pervasive in natural and built environments. Despite restrictions on the production of many of these compounds in most parts of the world through the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), many "legacy" compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are routinely detected in human tissues where they continue to pose significant health risks to highly exposed and susceptible populations. A major concern is developmental neurotoxicity, although impacts on neurodegenerative outcomes have also been noted. Read More

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.

It was presumed syntaxin-1A (STX1A) might relate to the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the results were inconsistent. The present study aims to confirm whether the STX1A gene is involved in the susceptibility of children ADHD. We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of STX1A gene using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Read More

Nervenarzt 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

MEDIAN Klinik Wilhelmsheim, Oppenweiler, Deutschland.

Background: Routine screening using self report questionnaires for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with alcohol use disorder is recommended due to its high prevalence and the time-consuming and demanding diagnostic assessment. The psychometric properties of such self-report instruments have hardly been investigated in this patient group.

Methods: The performance of the ADHD self-report scale (ADHD-SR) and the German short form of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k) was determined in 402 patients with alcohol dependence during long-term residential weaning treatment. Read More

HNO 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Sektion für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland.

As a prerequisite for diagnosing auditory processing disorders (APD), differential diagnostic considerations are essential, especially with regard to language comprehension disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, specific cognitive impairments (e. g., in memory or multi-modal perception performance), specific learning disorders affecting reading and/or spelling, and autistic-type diseases. Read More

Eur J Hum Genet 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes encode proteins with important roles in the regulation of the immune system. Many studies have also implicated HLA genes in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, these studies usually focus on one disorder and/or on one HLA candidate gene, often with small samples. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Apr 11;9(1):5902. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.

Handedness and language lateralization are the most investigated phenotypes among functional hemispheric asymmetries, i.e. differences in function between the left and the right half of the human brain. Read More

PLoS One 2019 11;14(4):e0214864. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.

Preterm birth is associated with heightened risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms and neurocognitive impairments, including impairments in performance monitoring. Here, we investigate the cognitive and neurophysiological processes from a performance-monitoring task in preterm-born adolescents and examine whether these processes in preterm-born adolescents reflect identical neurophysiological impairments to those observed in term-born adolescents with ADHD. We compared 186 preterm-born individuals to 69 term-born individuals with ADHD and 135 term-born controls on cognitive-performance measures and event-related potentials (ERPs) of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN, Pe) from a flanker task. Read More

J Abnorm Psychol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Psychology.

To advance what is known about how emotions affect memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we examined emotional false memory for negative, positive, and neutrally valenced photographs comprising scripts of everyday events in a verbal IQ-case matched sample of youth ages 8-14 with ASD ( = 38) and typical development (TYP, = 38). The groups exhibited many similarities. Their task performance during a recognition task including previously seen and unseen photographs was largely comparable. Read More

J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2019 Apr 11:1-16. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

a Department of Psychology , Florida International University.

The purpose of the current study was to identify profiles of self-regulation across executive functioning (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and examine profiles's impact on treatment outcomes. Participants included 100 preschoolers (M = 4.73, 75% Male, 79% Hispanic) including 37 with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ASD+ADHD), 32 with ADHD-only, and 31 typically developing children. Read More