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Medicina (B Aires) 2019 ;79 Suppl 1:72-76

Centro de Salud de Catarroja, Valencia, España.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, complex and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder associated with high rates of concurrent psychiatric disorders, along with problems and complications on different areas of individual functioning. ADHD is not exclusively a childhood disorder, 40-60% persisting into adulthood with an estimated prevalence of 2.5-5%. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2019 ;79 Suppl 1:68-71

Laboratorio de Neurociencias (IUNICS), Son Ferriol, Islas Baleares, España. E-mail:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, of a chronic nature, of multifactorial etiology, mainly due to genetic and environmental factors. We conducted a retrospective analytical study of the t herapeutic management of children diagnosed with ADHD. A sample of 82 children diagnosed with ADHD (74. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2019 ;79 Suppl 1:57-61

Servicio de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, España E-mail:

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in the child-youth population, with a known impact on learning and school performance. Lack of attention, associated executive dysfunction and comorbid problems -particularly those related to learning and anxiety-, strongly determine this conceptual domain. Affected youths have more problems for taking notes, completion of homework, school programming and less motivation to study. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2019 ;79 Suppl 1:51-56

Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España.

To evaluate attentional processes to visual stimuli that do not require motor response, a study with evoked potentials was carried out on 17 children with attention deficit disorder predominantly inattentive (ADDH-I) and 15 controls between the ages of 7 and 11 years. The latency and localization of sources of the early visual evoked potentials P100 and N100 were analyzed during the performance of a visual oddball task (20% horizontal and 80% vertical lines) where the vertical lines did not require motor response. The results indicate that ADDH-I group process visual information that does not require motor response with a greater increase in brain activity and through the ventral temporal pathway, while the control group does so by means of the dorsal parietal stream. Read More

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2018 Dec 20. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, putatively induced by dissociable dysfunctional biobehavioral pathways. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to parse ADHD-related heterogeneity in its underlying neurobiology by investigating functional connectivity across multiple brain networks to 1) disentangle categorical diagnosis-related effects from dimensional behavior-related effects and 2) functionally map these neural correlates to neurocognitive measures.

Methods: We identified functional connectivity abnormalities related to ADHD across 14 networks within a large resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (n = 409; age = 17. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Feb 8;120:89-92. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Otorinolaryngology, Private Hatem Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Objevtives: Otorhinologic trauma is an important condition at the ear, nose and throat (ENT) outpatient clinic in children. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been identified as a potential risk factor that may contribute to the incidence of traumatic injuries. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is an association between otorhinologic trauma and ADHD symptoms in children. Read More

Environ Res 2018 Dec 12;172:55-72. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Abt Associates, Boulder, CO, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Fossil fuel combustion by-products, including particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO), are a significant threat to children's health and equality. Various policies to reduce emissions have been implemented to reduce air pollution and mitigate climate change, with sizeable estimated health and economic benefits. However, only a few adverse outcomes in children have been considered, resulting in an undercounting of the benefits to this vulnerable population. Read More

Exp Neurol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Perinatal complications such as birth asphyxia were associated with a higher risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in humans. Data from a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) have revealed inattention, impulsive behavior and dopamine (DA) disturbances in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), confirming the face validity and construct validity for ADHD study. However, the predictive validity (similar therapeutic efficacy of the pharmacological treatment available in the clinic) should be considered. Read More

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Research Group Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102-bus 3720, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Neuropsychopharmacology 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Impulsivity has been suggested as a neurocognitive endophenotype conferring risk across a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance and behavioural addictions, eating disorders, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We used a paradigm with interspecies translation validity (the four-choice serial reaction time task, 4CSRTT) to assess 'waiting' impulsivity in a youth sample (N = 99, aged 16-26 years). We collected magnetization prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) scans, which enabled us to measure R1, the longitudinal relaxation rate, a parameter closely related to tissue myelin content, as well as quantify grey matter volume. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Feb 10;130(4):445-453. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Brain and Trauma Foundation, Grison, and Praxis für Kind, Organisation und Entwicklung, Chur, Switzerland.

Objective: The main goal was to assess common and specific deficits of cognitive control in (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ADHD and schizophrenia (SZ) using event-related potentials (ERPs).

Method: Behavioral and EEG data in cued GO/NOGO task were recorded in 132 healthy controls (HC) and age, gender and education matched 63 ADHD adults, and 68 SZ patients.

Results: N2d wave in NOGO-GO contrast of ERPs did not differ between the groups while the P3d wave discriminated SZ group from two other groups. Read More

Drug Alcohol Depend 2019 Feb 5;197:28-36. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). Standard ADHD pharmacotherapies are not effective in patients with this comorbidity and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has not been tested in this population. This RCT aimed to compare the efficacy of Integrated CBT (CBT/Integrated) directed at adult ADHD and SUD with CBT directed at SUD only (CBT/SUD) in patients with SUD and ADHD (SUD + ADHD). Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Objective: To examine the relationship between polygenic scores (PGS) for five major psychiatric disorders and two cognitive traits with brain MRI morphological measurements in a large population-based sample of children. Additionally, we tested whether differences in brain morphology mediated associations between PGS for psychiatric disorders and related behavioral phenotypes.

Method: The participants included 1,139 children from the Generation R Study assessed at 10 years-of-age with genotype and neuroimaging data available. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.

Objective: Although poor sleep is often reported in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prior studies have been correlational. This study investigated whether sleep duration is causally linked to sleepiness, inattention, and behavioral functioning in adolescents with ADHD.

Method: Seventy-two adolescents (ages 14-17 years) entered a three-week sleep protocol using an experimental crossover design. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

National Centre for Register- based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, and The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway.

Objective: To investigate sex differences in associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a spectrum of comorbid disorders.

Method: The study population included all children born in Denmark between 1981 and 2013 (N=1,665,729). We merged data from Danish registers and obtained information on birth characteristics, socioeconomic status, familial psychiatric history, and diagnoses of ADHD (n=32,308) and comorbid disorders. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.

Objective: Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), a minimal risk, non-invasive neuromodulation method, has showed potential benefits for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an unblinded open study. This blinded sham-controlled trial was conducted to assess efficacy and safety of TNS for ADHD, as well as potential changes in brain spectral power using resting-state quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG).

Method: 62 children aged 8-12 years, with full-scale IQ ≥ 85 and KSADS-diagnosed ADHD, were randomized to four weeks nightly treatment with active or sham TNS, followed by one-week without intervention. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Objective: Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of poor school performance and pharmacological treatment of ADHD may have beneficial effects on school performance. Conclusions from previous research have been limited by small sample sizes, outcome measures, and treatment follow-up. The current study analyzed school performance in students with ADHD compared to students without ADHD, and the association between pharmacological treatment of ADHD and school performance. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

University of Aalborg, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, and Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Institute of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland.

Objective: To determine the risk of long-term conviction and incarceration associated with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to identify risk and protective factors including associations with active treatment with ADHD medication.

Method: All participants with ADHD aged 4-15 during 1995 - 2005 were matched by year of birth and sex to a random sample of participants without ADHD from the Danish population using nationwide registers. Using Cox proportional hazard models we estimated the risk of conviction and incarceration associated with ADHD in childhood and estimated associations with active treatment on outcome. Read More

Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.

In the present study, our primary aim was to compare the generalized social anxiety (GSAD) patients with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in terms of avoidant personality disorder (AVPD), and some clinical variables. We also investigated the relationship of AVPD and depression with ADHD and GSAD. We hypothesized that ADHD may be associated with AVPD in patients with GSAD. Read More

Biol Sport 2018 Dec 31;35(4):321-327. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, United States of America.

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications on exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), heart rate, and perceived exertion. Thirty college-age students (10 Controls, 10 ADHD diagnosis, and 10 ADHD diagnosis with medications) completed 2 sessions: 1) a maximal testing session and 2) an experimental session consisting of 3 consecutive dynamic resistance exercise circuits comprised of 12 repetitions of 9 exercises at 60% of 1-repetition maximum using a 1:1 work to rest ratio. All participants, regardless of condition (Controls vs. Read More

BMJ Evid Based Med 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.

Early recognition, identification and treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can reduce detrimental outcomes and redirect their developmental trajectory. We aimed to describe variations in age of ADHD diagnosis and stimulant prescribing among general practitioner practices in a nationwide network and identify child, parental, household and general practice factors that might account for these variations. Cross-sectional study of children aged under 19 years registered within a general practice in the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network in 2016, RCGP RSC has a household key allowing parent and child details to be linked. Read More

N Engl J Med 2019 Feb;380(7):692-693

J Atten Disord 2019 Feb 14:1087054719829574. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

2 Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Objective: The objective of the study is to predict the early changes in electroencephalography (EEG) at 1 week and its correlation to clinical response at 6 weeks after treatment with atomoxetine in children with ADHD.

Method: In 50 children (6-14 years) with ADHD ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [5th ed.; DSM-5]), Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS) and Vanderbilt ADHD Teachers Rating Scale (VADTRS) were applied at baseline, 1, 4, and 6 weeks. Read More

J Atten Disord 2019 Feb 14:1087054719829820. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 University of Maryland, College Park, USA.

Objective: Separate literatures have examined the associations between maternal ADHD symptoms and parenting and maternal emotion regulation (ER) and parenting. This study examined the effects of both maternal ADHD symptoms and ER on parenting.

Method: This cross-sectional study used a multi-method evaluation of parenting behavior to examine the independent and interactive effects of maternal ADHD symptoms and ER on self-reported and observed parenting among 79 demographically diverse families of 5- to 10-year-old children. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 29;10:14. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Program on Endocrine Disruption Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA, United States.

The Obesogen field developed from two separate scientific research areas, endocrine disruptors and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals or mixtures of chemicals that interfere with the action of hormones. Exposure to EDCs during early development (DOHaD) has been shown to increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases including infertility, asthma, breast and prostate cancer, early puberty, susceptibility to infections, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/learning disability. Read More

Am J Occup Ther 2018 Nov/Dec;72(6):7206205020p1-7206205020p8

Yoram Bonneh, PhD, is Visiting Scientist, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Bar-Ilan University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

This study examined whether sensory modulation disorder-sensory overresponsivity (SMD-SOR) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a significant effect on the perception of aversive auditory stimuli. Participants were 66 young adult women. The diagnosis of SOR was made using the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire, and ADHD was diagnosed by a qualified psychiatrist or neurologist using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. Read More

Hum Mol Genet 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Plasmalogens, the most prominent ether (phospho)lipids in mammals, are structural components of most cellular membranes. Due to their physicochemical properties and abundance in the central nervous system, a role of plasmalogens in neurotransmission has been proposed, but conclusive data are lacking. Here, we targeted this issue in the glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (Gnpat) KO mouse, a model of complete deficiency in ether lipid biosynthesis. Read More

J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Gene-environment-development interactions are suggested to play a crucial role in psychiatric disorders. However, it is not clear if there are specific risk gene interactions with particular pre-, peri-, and postnatal risk factors for distinct disorders, such as adult attention-deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD). In this pilot study, the first aim was to investigate retrospective self-reports of pre-, peri-, and postnatal complications and risk factors from 126 participants (aADHD, BD, and healthy controls) and their mothers. Read More

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

To get additional insight into the phenotype of attentional problems, we examined to what extent genetic and environmental factors explain covariation between lack of dispositional mindfulness and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits in youth, and explored the incremental validity of these constructs in predicting life satisfaction. We used data from a UK population-representative sample of adolescent twins (N = 1092 pairs) on lack of dispositional mindfulness [Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)], ADHD traits [Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R): inattentive (INATT) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HYP/IMP) symptom dimensions] and life satisfaction (Students' Life Satisfaction Scale). Twin model fitting analyses were conducted. Read More

Neuropsychopharmacology 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric condition that has been strongly associated with changes in sleep and circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are near 24-h cycles that are primarily generated by an endogenous circadian timekeeping system, encoded at the molecular level by a panel of clock genes. Stimulant and non-stimulant medication used in the management of ADHD has been shown to potentially impact on circadian processes and their behavioral outputs. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2019 Mar;179(3):334-335

PLoS One 2019 12;14(2):e0211903. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.

The link between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral function is well established. However, it is not clear whether a common mechanism could underlie the relationship between elevated BP and cognitive deficits. The expression of calcyon, a gene abundant in catecholaminergic and hypothalamic nuclei along with other forebrain regions, is increased in the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) which is a widely accepted animal model of essential hypertension and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2019 Feb;55(2):244

Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney.

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019 Jan 16;6(1):40-45. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Psychiatry University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA.

Background: Tourette's Syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset movement disorder marked by the chronic presence of motor and vocal tics. Research shows that tics associated with TS tend to fade in severity for some (but not all) affected youth, though psychiatric comorbidities that commonly accompany TS may be more persistent. The long-term outcomes of individuals with TS have not been well characterized. Read More

Indian J Psychiatry 2019 Jan;61(Suppl 2):176-193

Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Indian J Psychiatry 2019 Jan-Feb;61(1):3-12

Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a population prevalence of 5%. However, its prevalence is much higher in mental health and substance use treatment settings. It is associated with significant physical and psychiatric morbidity, as well as social, occupational, and legal consequences. Read More

Syst Rev 2019 Feb 11;8(1):49. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of symptoms of developmentally inappropriate and impaired inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, with difficulties often continuing into adulthood. ADHD can come with other comorbid conditions. The aim of this study will be to quantify the prevalence and comorbidity of ADHD among children, adolescent, and adult population in Spain. Read More

Int J Circumpolar Health 2019 Dec;78(1):1571382

a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.

The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 is a large population-based birth cohort, which aims to promote health and wellbeing of the population. In this paper, we systematically review the psychiatric research performed in the cohort until today, i.e. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 10;20(3). Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.

Brain histamine is a neurotransmitter and regulates diverse physiological functions. Previous studies have shown the involvement of histamine depletion in several neurological disorders, indicating the importance of drug development targeting the brain histamine system. Histamine -methyltransferase (HNMT) is a histamine-metabolising enzyme expressed in the brain. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2019 Feb 8;19(3). Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimini-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.

Movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tic disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements. As the assessment of most movement disorders depends on subjective rating scales and clinical observations, the objective quantification of activity remains a challenging area. The purpose of our study was to verify whether an impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar sensor technique is useful for an objective measurement of activity. Read More

Compr Psychiatry 2019 Jan 9;90:65-72. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States of America.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by heterogeneous behaviors and symptoms, developmental trajectories, and treatment response. Isolating intermediate phenotypes that are superior to current DSM-based nosology in order to explain such heterogeneity is integral to enhancing etiological theory, improving clinical assessment, predicting treatment response, and developing tailored treatments. To this end, this review provides an integrated developmental psychopathology and National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to ADHD. Read More

Transl Psychiatry 2019 Feb 11;9(1):77. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is one of the most prevalent learning disorders, with high impact on school and psychosocial development and high comorbidity with conditions like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and anxiety. DD is characterized by deficits in different cognitive skills, including word reading, spelling, rapid naming, and phonology. To investigate the genetic basis of DD, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of these skills within one of the largest studies available, including nine cohorts of reading-impaired and typically developing children of European ancestry (N = 2562-3468). Read More

Psychiatr Genet 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. In recent years, genetic studies have revealed several risk gene variants associated with ADHD; however, these variants could only be partly replicated and are responsible for only a fraction of the whole heritability of ADHD estimated from family and twin studies. One factor that could potentially explain the 'missing heritability' of ADHD is that childhood and adult or persistent ADHD could be genetically distinct subtypes, which therefore need to be analyzed separately. Read More

J Dev Behav Pediatr 2019 Feb/Mar;40(2):150-151

Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Al DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

1 Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence. About 30% of patients do not respond to stimulants or cannot tolerate their side effects. Thus, alternative medication, like herbal medicine, should be considered. Read More

Autism Res 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher-ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 26;58(2):256-266. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, and the Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.

Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a cluster of symptoms associated with poor function in various domains of major life activities that may comprise a novel attention disorder distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nevertheless, very little is known about the neural substrate of SCT in children. The present study aimed to examine associations between SCT symptoms and brain structure and function in school-aged children. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 16;58(2):167-179. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Warneford Hospital and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, UK.

Objective: Network meta-analyses (NMAs) are gaining traction as the preferred method for evidence synthesis of intervention studies. This review aimed to summarize the basics of NMAs and conduct a meta-review of available NMAs on the treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders by appraising their quality.

Method: PubMed (Medline), PsycInfo, Embase, Ovid Medline, and Web of Knowledge were systematically searched (last update January 9, 2018). Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 4;58(2):164-166. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder encompassing a wide array of clinical presentations, levels of impairment, etiologies, and neurobiological correlates. Despite this well-known heterogeneity, most research into the pathophysiology of ADHD has relied on comparisons between typically developing youth and those with the disorder (or perhaps further stratifying by DSM-defined ADHD subtypes). Although informative, this approach assumes a level of pathophysiologic homogeneity that belies the large and growing body of literature underscoring diverse neurobiological and neuropsychological profiles subsumed under the umbrella of this complex syndrome. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address:

Impulsivity is an important component of many psychiatric illnesses and has been associated with a number of psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Exploring the different aspects of impulsive behaviour and assigning these to specific neurobiological pathways would advance our interpretation of disorders for which impulsivity is key. Pharmacological studies have implicated a number of neurotransmitters in impulsivity, which in turn have been shown to be affected by several genes in both rodent and human studies of impulsivity. Read More