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Clin Neurophysiol 2021 Jun 11;132(8):1937-1946. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) Lausanne-Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Objective: Event-related potentials (ERPs) are reported to be altered in relation to cognitive processing deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, this evidence is mostly limited to cross-sectional data. The current study utilized neurofeedback (NFB) as a neuromodulatory tool to examine the ERP correlates of attentional and inhibitory processes in adult ADHD using a single-session, within-subject design. Read More

Cogn Process 2021 Jun 21. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Eginition" University Hospital, Vasilissis Sophias 72-74, 11528, Athens, Greece.

Research on how children with neurodevelopmental disorders perceive, process, and interpret visual illusions (VIs) has been extensively focused on children with autism spectrum disorder providing controversial findings. In this study, we investigated the patterns of vulnerability to a wide set of VIs comprising 23 standard text book VIs and their variations in a clinical sample of children with neurodevelopmental disorders compared to typically developing children (TD). A total of 176 children, aged between 4. Read More

Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021 Jun 21. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, UCL, 25, Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK.

It has been proposed that enhancing motivation supports the learning of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Less is known if inattentive children with no ADHD diagnosis may similarly benefit, when being motivated to engage in an academic task. Using a repeated-measures design, this study investigated the effects of text choice as an intrinsic motivator on the reading comprehension and enjoyment of Year 4 children attending mainstream primary schools (N = 92; aged 8-9 years; 48 boys); comparing those with no attentional difficulties and severe inattention. Read More

Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021 Jun 21. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Objectives: The study objective was to evaluate the cardiac, neurodevelopmental, psycho-social and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of children who underwent an arterial switch operation (ASO).

Methods: Children who underwent ASO were evaluated on follow-up at 3-5 years with cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental and HRQOL assessment using validated tools. Children with developmental delay, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, neuromotor and speech and language impairment were considered to have neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Read More

Innov Clin Neurosci 2021 Jan-Mar;18(1-3):43-46. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Dr. Memon is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Foundational Medical Studies at Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine in Rochester Hills, Michigan.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affected 3.3 million adolescents in the United States (US) in 2016. Ten to 30 percent of these patients do not respond to standard pharmacotherapy and, as a result, suffer adverse physical/mental health and socioeconomic consequences. Read More

Front Psychol 2021 3;12:649154. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Despite that previous studies have supported relationships between motor ability and inhibitory function, and between resting brain theta/beta power ratios (TBR) and inhibition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little research has examined the mechanism within these relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TBR would mediate the relationship between motor ability and inhibitory function. A total of 71 children with ADHD were recorded resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data during eyes-open. Read More

Front Psychol 2021 4;12:610401. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

In several languages, including English and Dutch, children's acquisition of the interpretation of object pronouns (e.g., ) is delayed compared to that of reflexives (e. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2021 3;15:673003. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Brain, Behaviour, and Development Theme, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulty learning motor skills, which can affect their participation in activities of daily living and psychosocial well-being. Over 50% of children with DCD also have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which further exacerbates their motor problems and impact on quality of life. A rehabilitation approach known as Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance uses problem-solving strategies to help children learn motor skills they wish to achieve. Read More

Int J Dev Disabil 2019 Jul 9;67(2):151-157. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychiatric disorders that accompany mild intellectual disability (ID) in school-aged children in a clinical setting. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version interview was conducted with the children with mild ID and their parents to diagnose any comorbid disorders. The mean age of the 111 children that fulfilled the study criteria was 12. Read More

Int J Dev Disabil 2019 Mar 15;67(1):58-66. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Mental Health, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

The present study aims to examine sociodemographic correlates and comorbid mental disorders among adult with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) using the national representative data of Japan. Analysis was conducted on the cross-sectional data derived from the World Mental Health Japan Survey 2, whose participants were community residents aged 20-75 years old. Multiple logistic regression was conducted on the data of those who were assessed for adult ASD ( = 2227) and ADHD ( = 2297). Read More

Rev Colomb Psiquiatr 2021 Jun 16. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de investigación en psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address:

Objective: We aim to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in siblings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to determine how psychosocial adversity factors relate to this psychopathology, in a low-middle income country (Colombia).

Methods: We evaluated subjects with ADHD diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria, one of their parents and one of their siblings (ages 8-19). We used the ADHD rating scale and a set of instruments to assess the presence of mental disorders as well as psychosocial adversity. Read More

J Affect Disord 2021 Jun 5;292:475-486. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.

Background: Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly proposed as treatment in patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), showing promising results on different proposed outcomes, in both children and adults.

Objectives: To systematically review and meta-analyse studies concerning the effects of MBIs on either ADHD and associated features, associated clinical conditions, neurocognitive impairments, mindfulness skills, global functioning and quality of life.

Methods: Searches were conducted on five databases, including controlled and observational studies on both adults and children populations. Read More

Int J Psychophysiol 2021 Jun 16. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Previous studies have shown that electrophysiological measures of error processing are affected in patients at risk or diagnosed with internalizing disorders, hence, suggesting that error processing could be a suitable biomarker for internalizing disorders. In this narrative review, we will evaluate studies that address the role of event-related potential (ERP) measures of error-processing in externalizing disorders and discuss to what extend these can be considered a biomarker for externalizing disorders. Currently, there is evidence for the notion that electrophysiological indices of error processing such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are reduced in individuals with substance use disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in forensic populations. Read More

J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021 Jun 19. Epub 2021 Jun 19.

Education and Human Services, School Psychology Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.

Arildskov et al. (2021) provide compelling evidence regarding the importance and nature of functional impairment in advancing diagnostic assessment and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Their findings indicate that (a) ADHD is dimensional for both symptom severity and impairment, (b) symptoms and impairment are related but separate constructs, (c) diagnostic assessment should focus equally on symptoms and impairment, and (d) the symptom threshold for ADHD diagnosis is arbitrarily defined with respect to presence of impairment. Read More

Sleep Med 2021 Jun 1;84:107-113. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sleep Disorders Center, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel.

Background: Sleep difficulties have been reported in up to 85% of children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD exhibit commonly sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) and experience more significant functional difficulties. Sleep difficulties have also been associated with SMD. Read More

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2021 Jun;31(5):332-341

Neuropsychiatry Department, Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Mood disorders are commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), adding to the clinical complexity. Some symptoms associated with ADHD are often associated with an increase in emotional disorders and depression. Hence, the management of comorbid mood symptoms in the context of ADHD represents a particularly difficult clinical challenge. Read More

Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2021 Jun 2;34:100805. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center (RCMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders of childhood. It's been suggested that both the condition and the medications used to treat it can affect the cardiovascular system. This study aims to determine whether methylphenidate has the significant effects in cardiac indices. Read More

Tob Induc Dis 2021 4;19:44. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.

Introduction: There is paucity of literature that evaluates e-cigarette use rates among the youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study is to compare the rates of cigarette only, e-cigarette only, dual use, and initiation age of regular use and trying to quit cigarettes or e-cigarettes among the youth with and without ADHD.

Methods: We used Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study Wave 3 (2015-2016) youth data, a nationally representative cross-sectional study in the US. Read More

Psychol Med 2021 Jun 18:1-8. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Background: Offspring of parents with major mood disorders (MDDs) are at increased risk for early psychopathology. We aim to compare the rates of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and controls.

Method: We established a lifetime diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, communication disorders, intellectual disabilities, specific learning disorders, and motor disorders] using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version in 400 participants (mean age 11. Read More

Res Dev Disabil 2021 Jun 15;115:104010. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Do-IT Solutions Ltd., Ocean Park House, East Tyndall Street, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), also called Dyspraxia, is a common Neurodevelopmental Disorder (NDD) that affects motor coordination with a marked impact on both academic and day-to-day living activities. It is increasingly clear that NDDs such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder may present differently in males and females, resulting in underdiagnoses of women and girls.

Aims: To consider age and gender differences in the presentation of at-risk and probable DCD. Read More

Nervenarzt 2021 Jun 17. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.

Severe disorders of emotion regulation, e.g. in the context of mental illnesses, such as borderline disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often begin in childhood and adolescence and influence the psychosocial development of those affected, often into adulthood. Read More

BMJ Open 2021 06 16;11(6):e050541. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Division of Growth, Development and Mental health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China

Introduction: Approximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30. Read More

Neuroscience 2021 07;466:312

Behav Ther 2021 07 10;52(4):847-860. Epub 2020 Nov 10.

Florida International University.

Evidence-based behavior therapy for adolescent ADHD faces implementation challenges in real-world settings. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the relationship between implementation fidelity and outcomes among adolescents receiving services in the active treatment arm (N = 114; Motivational Interviewing [MI]-enhanced parent-teen behavior therapy) of a community-based randomized trial of adolescent ADHD treatment. Participants received therapy from community clinicians (N = 44) at four agencies in a large, ethnically diverse metropolitan setting. Read More

J Am Coll Health 2021 Jun 16:1-10. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Objective: College students' prescription stimulant and opioid misuse (PSM and POM) share psychosocial risks with other substance use. We sought to extend a prior study of these issues. National College Health Assessment (2015-2016) participants ages 18-24 years ( 79,336) reporting 12-month PSM (defined as use of a drug not prescribed to them), 30-day other illicit drug use (non-cannabis), both, or neither, were compared on other substance use, psychopathology, academic adjustment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and chronic pain. Read More

J Affect Disord 2021 Jun 5;292:223-226. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.

Irritability has been associated with aberrant patterns of neural activation, yet little is known about structural brain correlates of irritability. As such, we aimed to investigate associations between irritability and gray matter volume (GMV) in a community sample of children enriched for irritability. The sample comprised children (n=162) aged 9-11 years with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), participating in a cohort study with magnetic resonance imaging data available. Read More

Acta Orthop Belg 2021 Mar;87(1):159-166

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have an increased risk of sustaining fractures during their preschool years. Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHFs) comprise the majority of fracture surgeries in the pediatric age range. We hypothesized that ADHD symptoms would be present in children with SHFs, and this characteristic trauma may be associated with an ADHD diagnosis. Read More

J Pediatr Psychol 2021 Jun 12. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA.

Objective : To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the Lifestyle Enhancement for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Program (LEAP), a novel parent behavior management training program that promotes physical activity (PA) and positive health behaviors and is enhanced with mobile health technology (Garmin) and a social media (Facebook) curriculum for parents of children with ADHD.

Methods : The study included parents of children ages 5-10 years diagnosed with ADHD who did not engage in the recommended >60 min/day of moderate to vigorous PA based on parent report at baseline. Parents participated in the 8-week LEAP group and joined a private Facebook group. Read More

CNS Spectr 2021 Apr;26(2):166

Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

The National Poison Data System (NPDS), is the data warehouse for the 55 US regional poison centers. While the primary role of a poison center is to provide medical management to the public and healthcare providers, a standardized database is used to collect case data. These data are routinely used to evaluate drug safety, including characterization of prescription medication misuse and abuse. Read More

CNS Spectr 2021 Apr;26(2):166-167

Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

NMU of prescription stimulant medications (RxStim) intended for treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a growing public health concern, particularly when used via non-oral routes of administration. However, the role of non-oral routes of administration for RxStim NMU in the larger substance abuse pathway is less well studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize RxStim NMU and investigate substance use trajectories among adults who reported non-oral RxStim NMU recruited from Reddit. Read More