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Eur Neurol 2020 Jun 3:1-9. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Neurology, Panzhihua Municipal Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China,

Background: Wake-up stroke (WUS) accounts for up to 25% of all new ischemic strokes, but debate exists regarding whether WUS differs from non-WUS in previous studies. Our study aimed to investigate the proportion of WUS cases and to examine differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in these two groups.

Methods: Data from acute ischemic stroke patients who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between April 2017 and September 2017 were prospectively collected. Read More

Can J Cardiol 2020 Feb 19. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Background: Evidence of clinical outcomes for oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet treatment (APT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) is very limited.

Methods: In this nationwide retrospective cohort study collected from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 1223 patients with AF and CLI taking direct-acting oral coagulants (DOACs), warfarin, or APT were identified from June 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017. We used propensity score stabilized weighting (PSSW) to balance covariates across study groups. Read More

Clin Cardiol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Cardiology, The Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Background: The association of body mass index (BMI) and procedure-related factors in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is still unclear.

Hypothesis: BMI is associated with increased the radiation dose, procedure duration, and procedural complications.

Methods: Prospective studies assessing BMI and procedure duration, radiation dose, and procedural complications in patients with AF after RFA were identified through electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database. Read More

Chaos 2020 May;30(5):053137

National Heart Institute, 50400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Complex dynamical systems can shift abruptly from a stable state to an alternative stable state at a tipping point. Before the critical transition, the system either slows down in its recovery rate or flickers between the basins of attraction of the alternative stable states. Whether the heart critically slows down or flickers before it transitions into and out of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is still an open question. Read More

Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background And Objective: Atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but devastating complication with high mortality post atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The purpose of current study was to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and management of AEF after AF ablation.

Methods And Results: Patients with diagnosed AEF were included and retrospectively analyzed according to the registry of 11 centers in China from January of 2010 to December of 2019. Read More

Arq Bras Cardiol 2020 Jun;114(5):783-785

Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF - Brasil.

Arq Bras Cardiol 2020 Apr 29;114(4):636-637. Epub 2020 May 29.

Hospital das Clínicas, FM, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2020 Jun 28;28:100539. Epub 2020 May 28.

Cardiology Unit and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy.

Background: Low flow (LF) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a paradox but is associated with worse prognosis. Determinants of LF in HFpEF have not been clarified but their assessment could corroborate recognition and definition of such a paradoxical condition.

Methods: A cohort of 193 patients hospitalized with HFpEF was retrospectively studied and divided in a group with LF (N = 45), defined by a left ventricular (LV) stroke volume index (SVI) < 30 ml/m, and a group with normal flow (N = 148). Read More

Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2020 Jun 29;28:100538. Epub 2020 May 29.

Departments of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.

Background: Although traditional risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) and its outcomes are established in whites, their role in the pathogenesis of AF across race-ethnicity and both sexes remain unclear. Cohort studies have consistently shown worse AF-related outcomes in these groups. The objective of this study was to determine the role played by race- and sex-specific risk factors in AF outcomes in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs), Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls), and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Read More

Data Brief 2020 Aug 22;31:105744. Epub 2020 May 22.

Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

The data presented here are related to the research article entitled "Differential expression of the angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)]/chymase axis in human atrial tissue [1]. We have showed that chymase gene transcripts, chymase activity, and immunoreactive- Ang-(1-12) expression levels were higher in left compared to right atrial tissue, irrespective of cardiac disease. This article presents the echocardiographic characteristics of 111 patients undergoing heart surgery for the correction of valvular heart disease, resistant atrial fibrillation or ischemic heart disease. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020 May;10(5):970-978

Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.

Background: Stand-alone minimally invasive radiofrequency (RF) ablation with left atrial (LA) appendectomy has been an effective surgical intervention for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) (NPAF) in patients with a medical history of thromboembolism for secondary stroke prevention. This study sought to assess the impact of this surgery on LA function.

Methods: A total of 37 NPAF patients with a medical history of stroke or thromboembolism were enrolled in this prospective observational study, all of whom underwent stand-alone minimally RF ablation with LA appendectomy. Read More

Glob Heart 2020 Apr 10;15(1):32. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, MX.

Background: Documenting the patterns of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) is essential to prevent thromboembolic complications of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Objective: To report the patterns of OAT according to age and thromboembolic risk in patients included in CARMEN-AF, a nationwide registry of NVAF in Mexico, an upper middle-income country.

Material And Methods: There were 1,423 consecutive patients ≥18 years old and with at least one thromboembolic risk factor enrolled in the CARMEN-AF Registry at their regular clinical visit during a three-year period. Read More

Glob Heart 2020 Mar 25;15(1):25. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, DK.

Objective: This study evaluated the associations between the natriuretic peptide activity and the neurohormonal response in non-obese and obese outpatients with and without heart failure (HF).

Background: Obesity-related HF may be a distinct subtype of HF. Obesity is associated with lower plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides. Read More

Glob Heart 2020 Feb 6;15(1). Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, KE.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension is poorly studied in Africa. The long-term survival rates and prognostic factors associated with mortality in patients with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Africa are not well described.

Objectives: To determine the causes of moderate to severe PH in patients seen in contemporary hospital settings, determine the patients' one-year survival and the factors associated with mortality following standard care. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 29;12(4):e7882. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Internal Medicine, Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, USA.

Hemorrhagic cholecystitis is a rare presentation of acute calculous cholecystitis which presents with abdominal pain, jaundice, and gastrointestinal bleeding. It is a challenging diagnosis to make because it present similar to other common disorders such as calculous cholecystitis. We present a unique case of hemorrhagic cholecystitis in a patient with cirrhosis and rectal cancer. Read More

J Drug Assess 2020 24;9(1):87-96. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Novosys Health, Green Brook, NJ, USA.

To compare the risks of 1-month all-cause, major bleeding (MB)-related and stroke-related readmissions and the associated hospital resource use and costs among patients previously hospitalized for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and treated with warfarin, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran vs apixaban. Adult patients hospitalized with NVAF (any discharge diagnosis position) who received apixaban, warfarin, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran during hospitalization were identified from the Premier database (1 January 2013-30 June 2017) and grouped into respective cohorts. Propensity score matching was used to generate cohorts with similar characteristics. Read More

Pulm Circ 2020 Apr-Jun;10(2):2045894020922814. Epub 2020 May 14.

Clinical Development Department, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.

Ralinepag (APD811), an oral, potent, and selective prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonist is being developed for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Two, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 1 studies (single ascending dose and multiple ascending dose) evaluated an oral immediate-release capsule formulation of ralinepag in healthy subjects. Blood samples assessed plasma pharmacokinetics and safety and tolerability data monitored adverse events, vital signs, laboratory findings, physical examination, and electrocardiograms. Read More

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020 Jun 3:1074248420930136. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.

Background: Different antithrombotic treatments, from vitamin K antagonists to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), are available to reduce ischemic risks in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Objective: To synthetize evidence about the benefit-risk ratio of antithrombotic treatments and their combinations in patients with AF and PCI.

Methods: A network meta-analysis and a stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA) were performed including randomized controlled trials (RCT) that evaluate antithrombotic treatments in adults with AF and PCI. Read More

Circulation 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of LAA exclusion on short term outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We queried the 2010-2014 National Readmissions Database (NRD) for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft repair with and without left atrial appendage ligation using ICD-9 procedure codes (ICD-9: 36.1xx). Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanxiao Street, Changhua, 500, Taiwan, R.O.C..

Background: It is unclear how the CHA2DS2-VASc score can predict subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Methods: We identified incident AF patients without CKD between 2000 and 2013 from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan and calculated the CHADS-VASc score for each patient. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated from multivariate cause-specific Cox models to assess the risk of CKD and ESRD associated with the CHADS-VASc score. Read More

J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.

Background: It has been recently reported that sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance with catheter ablation therapy improves exercise tolerance (ET) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it remains to be elucidated whether this is also the case for patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).

Methods: We enrolled consecutive 54 patients with PAF (age; 63 ± 10 [SD] years old, male/female 46/8) and 26 patients with persistent AF (non-PAF) (age; 57 ± 12 [SD] years old, male/female 23/3) who underwent AF ablation without recurrence. Read More

Ann Hematol 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Background: Ibrutinib therapy is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Risk assessment tools and outcomes of AF in these patients are not well described.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with CLL treated with ibrutinib at Mayo Clinic between October 2012 and November 2018. Read More

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Cardiology Department, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.

Background: The prognostic role of procedural complexity when discontinuing aspirin in patients on oral anticoagulation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has never been studied.

Methods: Ischaemic events were compared in 256 consecutive patients according to procedural complexity and aspirin on discharge. PCI complexity was defined according to the high-risk features for ischaemic events in the current guidelines RESULTS: Forty percent patients had stable presentation. Read More

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Purpose: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a relatively uncommon but severe condition that may lead to hemodynamic impairment. It can be elicited by morphological (left ventricular hypertrophy, sigmoid septum, prominent papillary muscle, prolonged anterior mitral valve leaflet) and functional (hypovolemia, low afterload, hypercontractility, catecholamines) factors. We sought to determine the incidence of the most severe form of LVOTO in septic shock patients and describe the therapeutic effects of vasopressin. Read More

Egypt Heart J 2020 Jun 1;72(1):32. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Background: Renal dysfunction is one of the major causes of in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients. In this study, we evaluated the combined predictive value of eGFR by CKD-EPI equation and shock index for in-hospital mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes in Egyptian patients with STEMI.

Results: A total of 450 STEMI patients were divided into 2 groups according to their eGFR with a cutoff value of 60 ml/min/1. Read More

J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Division of Cardiology, West Vicenza General Hospitals, Vicenza, Italy.

Am J Emerg Med 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Cardiology Department, Universitary Hospital of Burgos, Burgos, Spain; Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain. Electronic address:

BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020 Jun 1;20(1):263. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

General Internal Medicine Division, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA.

Background: The benefit of combining aspirin and direct oral anticoagulants on the reduction of cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation or flutter is not well studied. We aimed to assess whether concurrent aspirin and direct oral anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation or flutter will result in less coronary, cerebrovascular and systemic ischemic events compared to direct oral anticoagulant therapy alone.

Methods: Retrospective study of adult patients between 18 and 100 years old who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or flutter and were started on a direct oral anticoagulant (apixaban, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran), between January 1, 2010 and September 1, 2015 within the Beaumont Health System. Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 Jun 1;20(1):817. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Risk diseases and risk factors for stroke include atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and elevated LDL-cholesterol. Due to modern treatment options, the impact of these risk diseases on subsequent cardiovascular events or death after a first stroke is less clear and needs to be elucidated. We therefore aimed to get insights into the persistence of adverse prognostic effects of these risk diseases and risk factors on subsequent stroke or death events 1 year after the first stroke by using the new weighted all-cause hazard ratio. Read More

Kardiol Pol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Background: Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite increasing availability of the procedure, current treatment patterns of invasive AF treatment in Poland are unknown.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess contemporary AF ablation approaches in Poland, such as: target population, patients' characteristics, ablation techniques, procedural results and complication rates. Read More

Thromb Res 2020 May 11;192:161-166. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Cardiology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background: Although the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scoring systems are commonly used as measures of thromboembolic risk in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), data are inconsistent as to their value in predicting the presence of left atrial (LA) and/or left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombogenic milieu (TM). The present study aimed to establish a novel risk score to assess the risk of LA and/or LAATM in NVAF patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study that included 125 consecutive patients with NVAF plus TM, as evidenced by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during a period from1 January 2010 to 1 February 2017. Read More

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Kardiol Pol 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Background: The evaluation of thromboembolic risk constitutes the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) management. Left atrial (LA) thrombus and spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) represent left atrial thrombogenicity (LAT).

Aims: We aimed to assess the predictors of LAT in patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation and compose an effectual risk model for detecting LAT. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020 Jun 1:e13886. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.

The pathophysiology of jackhammer esophagus is complex and remains unclear. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is indicated for highly symptomatic and drug-refractory atrial fibrillation. This technique can induce esophageal and nerve lesions, due to thermal injury. Read More

South Med J 2020 Jun;113(6):305-310

From the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, and the Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Tiberias, Israel.

Objective: White blood cells (WBCs) play a major role in inflammation, with effects on the vascular wall, the microvascular blood flow, and endothelial cells and endothelial function. Previous studies have shown that a high WBC count may increase the risk of cardiovascular complication rate and mortality after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between preoperative WBC count and the post-CABG clinical outcome. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Jun 1;10(1):8845. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Cardiology "C. & G. Mazzoni", Hospital (APH), Via degli Iris, 63100, Ascoli-Piceno, Italy.

In this paper we develop statistical algorithms to infer possible cardiac pathologies, based on data collected from 24 h Holter recording over a sample of 2829 labelled patients; labels highlight whether a patient is suffering from cardiac pathologies. In the first part of the work we analyze statistically the heart-beat series associated to each patient and we work them out to get a coarse-grained description of heart variability in terms of 49 markers well established in the reference community. These markers are then used as inputs for a multi-layer feed-forward neural network that we train in order to make it able to classify patients. Read More

Heart 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Injury 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

Background: Liver and spleen injuries are the most commonly injured solid organs, the effects of anticoagulation on these injuries has not yet been well characterized.

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective study.

Result: During the 4-year study period, 1254 patients, 64 (5%) on anticoagulation (AC), were admitted with liver and/or splenic injury. Read More

Heart Lung 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine Division, Chinese PLA general Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address:

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of cardiac arrhythmia which is caused by irregular electrical activities in the atria.

Objective: To identify serum microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers at three durations (duration since diagnosis of AF) of AF.

Methods: This study included 14 patients with AF and 8 healthy subjects. Read More

J Cardiol 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.

Cardiogenic stroke (CS), characteristic causes of which include atrial fibrillation (AF) and right-to-left shunting due to a patent foramen ovale (PFO), has a well-known tendency to be associated with a more extensive ischemic area. This may result in severe neurological damage, and require strict life-long antithrombotic therapy. However, the fact that some patients have problems complying with the requirement for extended oral antithrombotic treatment has motivated the development of alternative approaches for stroke prevention. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 May 28;9(6). Epub 2020 May 28.

Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool 0151, UK.

This ARISTOPHANES analysis examined stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding (MB) among a subgroup of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with obesity prescribed warfarin or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in order to inform clinical decision making. A retrospective observational study was conducted among NVAF patients who were obese and initiated apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin from 1 January 2013-30 September 2015, with data pooled from CMS Medicare and four US commercial claims databases. Propensity score matching was completed between NOACs and against warfarin in each database, and the results were pooled. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 May 28;9(6). Epub 2020 May 28.

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) shares many risk factors with atrial fibrillation (AF). Obtaining computed tomography images of the pulmonary veins (CTPV) before AF ablation procedures is common and can incidentally detect coronary artery calcification (CAC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CAC on pre-ablation CTPV, the frequency of CAC reporting on CTPV reports, and its impact on statin therapy among patients hospitalized for AF procedures. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(21):e20200

Division of Neurology, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta, Canada.

Rationale: Idarucizumab is a specific reversal agent for patients with bleeding related to the anticoagulant dabigatran. There are no prior descriptions of Idarucizumab administration in the prehospital setting for intracranial hemorrhage.

Patient Concerns: An 82-year-old woman treated with dabigatran for atrial fibrillation developed acute focal weakness. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(21):e19970

Department of Cardiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences.

Introduction: The RF ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or atrial flutter (AFl) can be unsuccessful due to lack of lesion transmurality. Bipolar ablation (BA) is more successful than unipolar ablation (UA). The purpose of our study was to investigate the long-term effect of BA ablation in patients after failed UA. Read More

J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2018 Nov 15;9(11):3391-3394. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Division of Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2018 Feb 15;9(2):3022-3024. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Division of Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2018 Oct 15;9(10):3382. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

East Carolina Heart Institute at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2018 Oct 15;9(10):3369-3371. Epub 2018 Oct 15.