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Biofabrication 2020 Jul 10. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE.

Blood vessel narrowing and arterial occlusion are pathological hallmarks of atherosclerosis, which involves a complex interplay of perturbed hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cascade. Herein, we report a novel circular microfluidic stenosis model that recapitulates atherogenic flow-mediated endothelial dysfunction and blood-endothelial cell (EC) interactions in vitro. 2D and 3D stenosis microchannels with different constriction geometries were fabricated using 3D printing to study flow disturbances under varying severity of occlusion and wall shear stresses (100 to 2000 dynecm-2). Read More

Eur J Radiol 2020 Jun 25;130:109151. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Kliniken Duisburg, An Der Abtei 7-11, 47166 Duisburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Purpose: Evaluating the prevalence of CAD on non-ECG gated chest CTs, image quality (IQ) and the clinical performance of the CAD-RADS classification for predicting cardiovascular events (CVE).

Methods: 215 consecutive patients referred for chest CTs between May 2016 and March 2018 were included (3rd-generation DSCT) using non-ECG gated acquisitions with automated tube voltage selection (110kV/40mAs), pitch 2.65-3. Read More

Eur J Clin Invest 2020 Jul 10:e13345. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Laboratory. Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Spain.

Background: The aim of this study is to confirm the diagnostic performance of the Chylomicron to Very Low Density Lipoproteins Triglycerides (CM/VLDL-TG) ratio, the Triglycerides to Cholesterol ratio (TG/TC) and a dichotomic rule including the Tryglicerides to Apolipoprotein B (TG/APOB) ratio for the presence of Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia (HPLI) in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG) that were at high risk for Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS).

Methods: Two cohorts (Derivation and Validation) of patients with sHTG were included in the study. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and genetic data were obtained. Read More

PLoS One 2020 10;15(7):e0232741. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Introduction: Inflammation plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is a major receptor for lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin) and other ligands involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. We determined whether endotoxin levels and the presence of TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis among South African CKD patients. Read More

J Hypertens 2020 Jul 6. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité.

: Inflammation is a physiological response to aggression of pathogenic agents aimed at eliminating the aggressor agent and promoting healing. Excessive inflammation, however, may contribute to tissue damage and an alteration of arterial structure and function. Increased arterial stiffness is a well recognized cardiovascular risk factor independent of blood pressure levels and an intermediate endpoint for cardiovascular events. Read More

J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Kenneth M. Faulkner, PhD, RN, ANP Clinical Associate Professor, Stony Brook University School of Nursing, New York. Victoria Vaughan Dickson, PhD, CRNP, FAHA, FHFSA, FAAN Director, Pless Center for Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY. Jason Fletcher, PhD Senior Biostatistician, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York. Stuart D. Katz, MD Director, New York University Langone Health Heart Failure Program, New York. Patricia P. Chang, MD, MHS Director, Heart Failure and Transplant Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill. Rebecca F. Gottesman, MD, PhD Professor of Neurology and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Lucy S. Witt, MD, MPH Professor, Emory University Department of Hospital Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Amil M. Shah, MD Co-director, Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Gail D'Eramo Melkus, EdD, C-NP, FAAN Associate Dean for Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York.

Background: Cognitive impairment is prevalent in heart failure and is associated with higher mortality rates. The mechanism behind cognitive impairment in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has not been established.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between abnormal cardiac hemodynamics and cognitive impairment in individuals with HFpEF. Read More

Curr Opin Cardiol 2020 Jul 6. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Purpose Of Review: A healthy lifestyle throughout one's lifespan is the core foundation for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk-based decisions for pharmacological therapy is added on-top of lifestyle management. Thus, understanding lifestyle-based recommendations is central to CVD prevention. Read More

Addiction 2020 Jul 10. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland.

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in marijuana users as an indirect measure of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Design: Longitudinal and cross-sectional secondary data analysis from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study.

Setting: 4 communities in the United States. Read More

Int J Clin Pract 2020 Jul 10:e13610. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.

Background And Aim: Atherosclerosis is the underlying process in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the first cause of death in developed countries. We aimed to identify people with no known CVD and normal values of LDL-C and HDL-C, but with alterations in the number and size of lipoprotein particles (as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]) and to analyze their sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in occupational risks prevention center in Castellón (Spain) in 2017 and 2018, in consecutively recruited adults (18-65 years) with no known CVD. Read More

Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020 Jul 10:e1900378. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the primary causes of deaths worldwide, and the development of atherosclerosis is closely related to hypercholesterolemia. As the reduction of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is critical for treating these diseases, the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is essentially responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis, stands out as a key solution to lower plasma cholesterol levels. In this study, we synthesized several dihydroxycoumarins and investigated their antioxidant and in vitro HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory effects. Read More

Scand J Rheumatol 2020 Jul 10:1-8. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands , Tenerife, Spain.

Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) constitutes a major underlying abnormality driving cardiovascular disease in the general population and has been linked to inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of IR in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and whether IR can be explained by disease-related features in such cases.

Method: The study included 577 subjects: 306 patients diagnosed with SpA according to Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria and 271 controls. Read More

Nutr Cancer 2020 Jul 10:1-12. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic, National Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

This systematic review assesses the literature regarding beneficial and potential detrimental effects of bioactive peptides (BPs), focusing on evidence of regulatory T cells (T-regs) mediated oral tolerance (OT), collagen hydrolysate (CH) supplementation in osteoarthritis (OA) and the association of T-regs with chronic disease. The systematic search was done for articles published from inception to April 2019 using the PubMed and Scopus databases. About 3081 papers were identified by three different search strategies and screened against inclusion criteria which resulted in the inclusion of 22 articles. Read More

J Periodontal Res 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the connection between oral status and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is diagnosed by angiography.

Background: Periodontitis and tooth loss have been linked to atherosclerosis and CAD in previous studies. However, no distinct connection was revealed due to the diversity of the results and the variety of diagnostic methods. Read More

Heart Fail Rev 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and encompasses diverse diseases of the vasculature, myocardium, cardiac electrical circuit, and cardiac development. Forkhead box protein P1 (Foxp1) is a large multi-domain transcriptional regulator belonging to the Fox family with winged helix DNA-binding protein, which plays critical roles in cardiovascular homeostasis and disorders. The broad distribution of Foxp1 and alternative splicing isoforms implicate its distinct functions in diverse cardiac and vascular cells and tissue types. Read More

J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis is responsible for the majority of cardiovascular disorders with inflammation as one of its driving processes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, responsible for the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18), has been studied extensively and showed to play a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), and myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Read More

Neurol Sci 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yue Bei People's Hospital of ShantouUniversity Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.

Background: There are no effective therapies to prevent the occurrence and progression of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD). In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and the occurrence and progression of VBD.

Methods: Sixty (60) cases without VBD and ischemia stroke were considered as Group A, 100 cases with VBD were further divided into Group B (VBD without ischemic stroke, n = 54) and Group C (VBD with first ever acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke, n = 46). Read More

Curr Cardiol Rep 2020 Jul 9;22(9):87. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to discuss the updated guideline recommendations on management of dyslipidemia for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Recent Findings: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) published revised cholesterol management guidelines in 2018 and 2019, respectively, to reflect new evidence in the field. Broadly speaking, both emphasize refining cardiovascular disease risk estimation and aggressively lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) with statin and non-statin agents to curb cardiovascular risk. Read More

Cardiovasc Res 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.

Aims: Inflammation has important roles in atherosclerosis. CD4+CD28null (CD28null) T cells are a specialised T lymphocyte subset that produce inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. CD28null T cells expand preferentially in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) rather than stable angina and are barely detectable in healthy subjects. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2020 Jun;8(12):741

Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to aberrantly express in coronary artery disease (CAD). Due to their special structures, circRNAs have the potential to be specific and stable markers. We conducted this study to explore circZNF609's function in atherosclerosis and to evaluate its predictive values for CAD. Read More

J Lipid Res 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., United States

Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) regulates plasma lipids by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL). ANGPTL3 inactivation lowers LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) independently of the classical LDL-receptor (LDLR)-mediated pathway and represents a promising therapeutic approach for individuals with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia due to LDLR mutations. Yet, how ANGPTL3 regulates LDL-C levels is unknown. Read More

BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020 Jul;8(1)

Epidemiology and Biostatistics-Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Introduction: South Asians have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This may be associated with high rates of conversion through the natural history of disease. However, there is a paucity of data on prediabetes and T2DM incidence and related predictors in South Asians in the USA. Read More

EBioMedicine 2020 Jul 6:102876. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases have high levels of inflammatory and early fatal myocardial infarction due to early, unstable coronary plaques. Cholesterol crystals (CC) play a key role in atherogenesis. Read More

Trends Mol Med 2020 Jul 6. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. Electronic address:

The accumulation of cellular and environmental microparticles has been linked to many diseases associated with tissue inflammation. These particulate-driven diseases include joint, lung, kidney, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recently a conserved proinflammatory inflammasome signaling pathway elicited by such microparticles has become apparent. Read More

Atherosclerosis 2020 Jun 16. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

The importance of platelets for cardiovascular disease was established as early as the 19th century. Their therapeutic inhibition stands alongside the biggest achievements in medicine. Still, certain aspects of platelet pathophysiology remain unclear. Read More

J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Jul;76(2):230-231

J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Jul;76(2):229-230

Curr Probl Cardiol 2020 Jun 4:100638. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Background: Inflammation plays a major role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. The well-established relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and CVD may be causal. Left untreated, PD can lead to high systemic inflammation, thus contributing to inflammatory CVD, such as atherosclerosis. Read More

Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020 Jul 9;19(1):110. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of tofogliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on atherosclerosis progression in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without apparent cardiovascular disease (CVD) by monitoring carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).

Methods: This prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, multicenter, parallel-group, comparative study included 340 subjects with T2DM and no history of apparent CVD recruited at 24 clinical units. Subjects were randomly allocated to either the tofogliflozin treatment group (n = 169) or conventional treatment group using drugs other than SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 171). Read More

Stroke 2020 Jul 10:STROKEAHA120030012. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.

Background And Purpose: Luminal imaging (degree of stenosis) currently serves as the gold standard to predict stroke recurrence and guide therapeutic strategies in patients with intracranial large artery diseases (ILADs). We comparatively evaluated the importance of vessel wall and luminal changes in predicting stroke occurrence.

Methods: Consecutive patients with ILAD in the proximal middle cerebral artery or distal internal carotid artery without proximal sources of embolism from the carotid and heart underwent time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and the ring finger protein 213 () gene variant test. Read More

Molecules 2020 Jul 7;25(13). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chuncheongnam-do 31538, Korea.

The NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. Thus, inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome have emerged as promising approaches to treat inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Jul 7;9(7). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, how IR is able to impact the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic patients is unknown.

Objectives: We investigated the relation between the IR and the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic patients referred to coronary angiography (CA) Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing to CA for acute coronary syndromes or stable angina were analyzed. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jul 7;21(13). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to play a protective role against atherosclerosis in both animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, since T2D is associated with dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance, part of which are ameliorated by DPP-4 inhibitors, it remains unclear whether DPP-4 inhibitors could have anti-atherosclerotic properties directly by attenuating the harmful effects of hyperglycemia. Therefore, we examined whether a DPP-4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, could suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, foam cell formation, and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 () gene expression of macrophages isolated from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice and T1D patients as well as advanced glycation end product (AGE)-exposed mouse peritoneal macrophages and THP-1 cells. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Jul 7;12(7). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

Cholesterol, the most important sterol in mammals, helps maintain plasma membrane fluidity and is a precursor of bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol in the body is obtained from the diet or can be de novo synthetized. Cholesterol homeostasis is mainly regulated by the liver, where cholesterol is packed in lipoproteins for transport through a tightly regulated process. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Jul 7;9(7). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Pestalozzistr. 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the 2019 published European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guideline on cardiovascular (CV) risk management compared with its predecessor from 2016 in a cohort in general practice. We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study with data from electronic medical records. The study cohort included 103,351 patients with known CV risk. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Jul 7;9(7). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Barcelona, Spain.

This was a prospective, observational study to compare the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by carotid ultrasonography in a cohort of subjects with prediabetes vs. subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) from a non-urban Mediterranean population. Atherosclerosis was assessed through carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), the presence/absence of carotid plaques, and plaque number. Read More

Biomedicines 2020 Jul 7;8(7). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.

People exposed to chronic stress age rapidly. The telomeres in their cells of all types shorten faster. Inflammation is another important feature of stress that, along with aging, accounts for the phenomenon of inflammaging. Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2020 Jul 9;12. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Metabolomics provides a promising tool for understanding the pathophysiology and identifying biomarkers of atherosclerosis. We aimed to estimate the associations between circulating metabolites and subclinical atherosclerosis in a Chinese cohort. The baseline serum levels of 38 metabolites of 489 individuals were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2020 Jul 6;86:106733. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is among the leading causes of AMI. The rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques can obstruct coronary arteries, thereby leading to an acute inflammatory reaction to ischemic injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Read More

Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020 Jul 2;195:105638. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Electronic address:

Background And Objective: Peripheral artery disease, one type of atherosclerosis, is a common medical condition in the world that results from plaque build-up in the peripheral blood vessels. The symptoms of this disease are the senses of pain and weakness in outer muscles.

Methods: The artery under consideration is called the popliteal artery. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 Jul 1;196:106060. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, PR China.

Objectives Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well-known molecule involved with neuronal survival and angiogenesis. there are no prospective studies directed at evaluating a potential association between serum VEGF and minor ischemic stroke. The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of serum VEGF as an index for assessing the 90-day prognosis of minor ischemic stroke patients. Read More

Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Objective: Exercise has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health, yet neither the molecular connection nor the effects of exercise timing have been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ad libitum or time-restricted mild exercise reduces atherosclerosis development in atherosclerosis-prone dyslipidemic APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice and whether mild exercise training in men with obesity affects lipoprotein levels. Read More

J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020 Jul 9. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

To identify the association of estradiol (E2) dose and serum E2 levels with metabolic measures in early (<6 years) compared with late (≥10 years) postmenopausal women from the REPLENISH trial. This is a analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial in the United States. Four doses of TX-001HR, an oral combination of E2 and progesterone (P4), and placebo were tested. Read More

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020 Jul;76(1):106-111

*Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; †Department of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; ‡Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and §Department of Dental Hygiene, Masan University, Masan, Korea.

The Cordyceps extract exhibits antiproliferative potential in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to identify the active compounds in the Cordyceps extract and analyze their role in remodeling the arterial wall. On investigation, we discovered the following active compound: 4-methoxyphenyl (E)-3-(furan-3-yl) acrylate and synthesized it. Read More

Minerva Cardioangiol 2020 Jul 8. Epub 2020 Jul 8.

Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality in developed countries. Its formation is associated with a change in the transcriptional activity of many genes. The aim of the study was to select, from the group of genes related to coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure, genes differentiating patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure on the basis of myocardial ischemia from healthy people, and then genes differentiating patients with various stages of heart failure. Read More

Clin Exp Hypertens 2020 Jul 8:1-5. Epub 2020 Jul 8.

Radiology Department, Medicine College, University of Kufa , Najaf, Iraq.

Objectives: The link between obesity and hypertension with coronary atherosclerosis is complex. We aimed to assess the association of cardiac fat deposition measured by pericardial fat volume(PFV) using by multi-detector CT(MDCT) and general obesity measured by BMI with subclinical coronary atherosclerotic markers (coronary artery calcium score (CAC), coronary plaque and stenosis) in patients with hypertension and suspected coronary artery disease.

Methods: Among 496 patients presenting with chest pain who underwent 64-slice MDCT angiography to exclude occlusive coronary disease, 261 patients with hypertension (age: 57 ± 8 years, 45% males) enrolled in the present study. Read More

Curr Oncol Rep 2020 Jul 9;22(9):87. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review article is to summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the notion of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), highlight current knowledge gap, and provide future directions.

Recent Findings: Epidemiological studies show that advanced age is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the negative effect of aging on CVD is a reflection of cumulative exposure to various established traditional CVD risk factors, genetic sequencing of whole blood-derived DNA recently revealed that clonal mutations in myeloid stem cells are associated with higher risks of cardiovascular events and hematopoietic malignancies. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2020 Jul 8. Epub 2020 Jul 8.

Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

This article is the second of a two-part series on intracranial calcification in childhood. In Part 1, the authors discussed the main differences between physiological and pathological intracranial calcification. They also outlined histological intracranial calcification characteristics and how these can be detected across different neuroimaging modalities. Read More

eNeurologicalSci 2020 Sep 28;20:100252. Epub 2020 Jun 28.

Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Background And Objective: In sub-Saharan Africa, data on prevalence, risk factors and pathobiology of carotid atherosclerosis are scarce. We aimed to investigate the relationship between biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and carotid atherosclerosis.

Methods: Carotid ultrasound was performed in 66 patients. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2020 May;12(5):2031-2038

Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of Takayasu arteritis (TA) involving the coronary artery.

Methods: Patients with TA involving coronary artery were included in this study. According to the patients' condition of coronary artery involvement, they were divided into two groups: group A: TA involved coronary artery disease [at least one coronary artery stenosis (≥50%)] and group B: TA did not involve coronary artery. Read More

Theranostics 2020 30;10(16):7100-7110. Epub 2020 May 30.

Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.

Both PCSK9 and NLRP3 inflammasome play important roles in atherogenesis. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome via IL-1β induces PCSK9 secretion. The inter-twined relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β and PCSK9 may be relevant in atherogenesis. Read More