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Ann Palliat Med 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Background: Acute atelectasis is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the related factors and treatment are still unclear. This study is to analyze the independent risk factors for acute atelectasis after TBI and propose an interventional nursing strategy, in order to correct respiratory function and improve the prognosis of patients.

Methods: The clinical data of 93 patients with TBI admitted to our hospital from April 2015 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Respir Care 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Cardiothoracic ICU, Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France.

Background: Obesity may increase the risk of respiratory failure after cardiothoracic surgery. A recruitment maneuver followed by PEEP might decrease the risk of respiratory failure in obese subjects. We hypothesized that the routine use after heart surgery of a recruitment maneuver followed by high or low PEEP level would decrease the frequency of respiratory failure in obese subjects. Read More

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2021 May 11:2184923211017101. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

Objective: Destroyed lobe of the lung is always secondary to chronic or recurrent lung infections with irreversible damage of pulmonary parenchyma. In this study, we analyzed surgical technique, post-operative complications, mortality, and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing lobectomy of pulmonary lobe destruction.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 47 patients that underwent lobectomy due to a destroyed lung parenchyma between January 2010 and December 2019 were reviewed with an average follow-up period of 39 months. Read More

Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Robotic bronchoscopy is the newest advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy technology for biopsying peripheral pulmonary lesions; sensitivity for malignancy is currently suboptimal using modalities, such as radial endobronchial ultrasound or electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy. We review the pitfalls of prior methods and the technological advancements with robotic bronchoscopy.

Recent Findings: The contributors to reduced diagnostic sensitivity with current approaches include limitations in: navigation to the target, confirmation once the target is reached, and tissue acquisition. Read More

Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2021 May 10:1-5. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.

We present the case of an elderly female patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate. She was referred to our hospital with severe malaise. She was emaciated and had massive pleural effusion that induced atelectasis. Read More

Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 May 15;37(3):311-315. Epub 2020 Sep 15.

General Surgery Department, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.

Complex bronchial ruptures are rare. Primary surgical repair is the preferred procedure. The aim of this retrospective case series was to study the clinical presentation of these complex bronchial injuries and their management and outcomes. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 May 8;21(1):433. Epub 2021 May 8.

Pulmonology and RICU, S Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.

Background: Primary endobronchial actinomycosis is exceptionally uncommon and can be misdiagnosed as unresolving pneumonia, endobronchial lipoma, bronchogenic carcinoma or foreign body. Predisposing factors are immunosuppressive conditions, chronic lung diseases, poor oral hygiene or foreign body aspiration.

Case Presentation: We reported a case of 88-year old woman with a 4 days history of mild exertional dyspnea, productive cough with purulent sputum and fever up to 37. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2021 May 28;9(5):e00750. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.

Human paragonimiasis has been appearing all over the world due to increased human migration, international travel, and worldwide food trading. However, delayed and missed diagnosis rates are also increasing due to atypical clinical manifestations and the lack of disease understanding by clinical workers. We describe the case of a 43-year-old man, who was hospitalized with cough and chest pain for two months. Read More

Tanaffos 2020 Dec;19(4):418-421

Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Atelectasis after endobronchial intubation (ETT) is a known complication of general anesthesia. In-bed auscultation of lungs and use of the 21/23 rule are the two suggestive, but not reliable, methods for the early detection of this event; however, none of them guarantees its prevention. The portable chest radiograph (CXR) is a simple, quick method to detect atelectasis and proper placement of the endotracheal tube in the intensive care unit (ICU). Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 May 4;22(1):413. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background: There has been a growing interest in using all pedicle screw construct in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery in recent years. However, studies focusing on perioperative outcome and complications utilizing only pedicle screw system in AIS population are lacking. This study aims to evaluate perioperative outcomes and to determine the prevalence of major and minor complications following single-staged PSF for AIS. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2021 15;14(4):526-532. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Pathology, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Catholic University of Daegu, College of Medicine South Korea.

Follicular bronchiolitis is a rare pulmonary disorder characterized by the presence of multiple hyperplastic lymphoid follicles with a peribronchiolar distribution. An 11-year-old girl with total atelectasis of the right middle lobe (RML) and diffuse multiple small nodules at both lung bases presented to our hospital with frequent upper respiratory infections and pneumonia. The disease progressed during a 3-month period of macrolide therapy, and thoracoscopic biopsy with lobectomy of the atelectatic RML was performed. Read More

Vet Anaesth Analg 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Objective: To determine the specific lung elastance (SE) in anesthetized dogs and to evaluate the efficacy of a SE-based recruiting airway pressure (RP) at improving global and regional lung aeration.

Study Design: Retrospective and prospective clinical study.

Animals: A total of 28 adult dogs were included in the retrospective study and six adult dogs in the prospective study. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Apr 2;22(7). Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant'Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents the main cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide and is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. RSV infection is a self-limiting condition and does not require antibiotics. However hospitalized infants with clinical bronchiolitis often receive antibiotics for fear of bacteria coinfection, especially when chest radiography is performed due to similar radiographic appearance of infiltrate and atelectasis. Read More

J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021 Apr 28. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ostschweizer Children's Hospital, St.Gallen, Switzerland.

Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) improves lung maturation in severe cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) but it does not ameliorate lung compression by herniated abdominal organs. Surgically opening the fetal abdomen (abdominal decompression [AD]) reduces the intrathoracic pressure by diverting the abdominal organs into the amniotic cavity-a probable causal therapy for lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension in CDH. Open surgical abdominal decompression has been reported: we describe a minimally invasive approach in an ovine model of CDH as a probable fetoscopic intervention. Read More

Radiologia 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Sección de Radiología torácica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, España.

Background And Aims: We aimed to analyze the relationship between the initial chest X-ray findings in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and eventual clinical worsening and to compare three systems of quantifying these findings.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and radiological evolution of 265 adult patients with COVID-19 attended at our center between March 2020 and April 2020. We recorded data related to patients' comorbidities, hospital stay, and clinical worsening (admission to the ICU, intubation, and death). Read More

Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2021 ;98(2):65-69

Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia.

Bronchopulmonary complications are one of the leading causes of morbidity after cardiac surgery; they lengthen a patient's hospital stay and increase the cost of treatment. The most common postoperative bronchopulmonary complications include pneumonia, atelectasis, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and bronchospasm. These complications are the consequences of anesthesia and surgical trauma aggravated by the presence of risk factors in the patient in the preoperative period such as any chronic disease involving the lungs, smoking history, persistent cough and / or wheezing, chest and spinal deformities, obesity, senior age. Read More

Front Physiol 2021 9;12:663313. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Reducing the respiratory rate during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) decreases the mechanical power, but it might induce alveolar de-recruitment. Dissecting de-recruitment due to lung edema vs. the fraction due to hypoventilation may be challenging in injured lungs. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2021 Apr 25. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Bilkent, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Hydatid cyst (HC) is a serious health problem in developing countries. The aim is to discuss the clinical information, surgical and puncture-aspiration-injection-re-aspiration (PAIR) treatments, and results of patients with HC in a developing country.

Methods: Patients were analyzed in terms of gender, age, presenting complaint, misdiagnosed HC, cyst location, cyst number, cyst size, liver HC type according to the World Health Organization Informal Working Group Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) classification, pulmonary HC, hemithorax locations, treatments and interventions, duration of hospitalization, follow-up period, postoperative complications, and recurrence. Read More

Respiration 2021 Apr 23:1-11. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder which requires a complex diagnostic workup. Thus, an easy and widely available screening method would be helpful to identify patients who need a further diagnostic workup for PCD.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop and validate a computed tomography (CT) score for PCD to facilitate etiological diagnosis in adults with bronchiectasis. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2021 Apr 24;21(1):133. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

Background: Among the challenges for personalizing the management of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and body positions in regional lung mechanics. Right-left lung aeration asymmetry and poorly recruitable lungs with increased recruitability with alternating body position between supine and prone have been reported. However, real-time effects of changing body position and PEEP on regional overdistension and collapse, in individual patients, remain largely unknown and not timely monitored. Read More

Lupus 2021 Apr 22:9612033211010331. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Pulmonary Physiology, National Medical Center La Raza, IMSS, Mexico City, México.

Objective: To describe clinical, radiological and treatment characteristics in pediatric patients with SLS.

Material And Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study in patients under 16 years old with the diagnosis of SLE complicated by SLS at the General Hospital. National Medical Center La Raza. Read More

J Minim Access Surg 2021 Mar 8. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of General Surgery, SCBMCH, Cuttack, Odisha, India.

Background: Gallstone disease is common in India, and since primary management involves surgery, it is one of the most commonly performed surgeries by a general surgeon either laparoscopically or open. There are various factors which are responsible for intra- and post-operative complications. These factors result in significant injuries which cause serious post-operative complications. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2021 Apr 21;16(1):104. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050011, People's Republic of China.

Background: Currently, thoracoscopic lobectomy is widely used in clinical practice, and postoperative placement of ultrafine drainage tube has advantages of reducing postoperative pain and accelerating postoperative recovery in patients. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of placement of 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube after thoracoscopic lobectomy and its superiority over traditional 24F chest drainage tube.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis was conducted in 169 patients who underwent placement of 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube or 24F chest drainage tube with thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer from January 2018 to December 2019. Read More

Adv Respir Med 2021 Apr 21. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi, India.

Bronchoscopy is an aerosol-generating procedure and involves a high risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to health care workers. There are very few indications for performing bronchoscopy in a patient with confirmed COVID-19. These include atelectasis, foreign body aspiration, and suspected superinfection in immunocompromised patients. Read More

Transl Pediatr 2021 Mar;10(3):673-678

Department of Children's Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis is rarely reported yet potentially life-threatening infectious cause of airway obstruction in children. The causative organisms of this condition are often considered to promote bacterial superinfection following viral infection. We report a case of pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis in a patient caused by human bocavirus 1 and (). Read More

Cytojournal 2021 22;18. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Department of Pathology, Detroit Medical Center, Karmanos Cancer Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States.

A 51-year-old male with a history of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-2 (CMML-2) presented with fatigue, night sweats, dyspnea, and right-sided chest pain exacerbated by deep breath. Computed tomography scan demonstrated right-sided pleural effusion with atelectasis. Pleural fluid cytology showed reactive mesothelial cells mixed with atypical cells [Figure 1]. Read More

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Neonatology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.

Objective: To study effectiveness and safety of cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in small infants in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Design: Pilot RCT.

Setting: Neonatal and paediatric ICUs of children's hospital in Western Australia. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021 Apr;101(15):1071-1076

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518106, China.

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety analysis of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) in the treatment of severe asthma and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap. The clinical data of 49 patients with asthma-COPD overlap who received BT in the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 and 50 patients with severe asthma who received BT in the same period were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into overlap group and asthma group, and the baseline data of two groups were recorded. Read More

Arch Acad Emerg Med 2021 27;9(1):e16. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.

Plastic bronchitis is an uncommon disorder marked by the production of bronchial casts and acute respiratory failure development. In pediatric cases, influenza infection sometimes results in the obstruction of bronchi and leads to this potentially life-threatening condition. We report the case of a five-year-old boy with plastic bronchitis related to influenza A infection, which could only be recovered by the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Read More

Exp Ther Med 2021 Jun 29;21(6):570. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.

Non-invasive strategies for monitoring post-tuberculosis (TB) tracheobronchial stenosis (PTTS) are clinically important but currently lacking. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP) have been identified as markers of fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum TGF-β1 and PINP in PTTS. Read More