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Heart Rhythm 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Cardiac arrest may be the first manifestation in the majority of inherited cardiac diseases. International guidelines recommend screening of relatives of Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) survivors if an inherited cardiac disorder is suspected.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and spectrum of inherited cardiac diseases and the long-term outcome in a consecutive cohort of non-ischemic SCA survivors (probands) and their relatives. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Background: Controversy surrounds utilization of induced hypothermia (IHT) in comatose cardiac arrest (CA) survivors with a non-shockable rhythm.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) comparing IHT with no IHT approaches in patients with CA and a non-shockable rhythm. The primary outcome of interest was favorable neurological outcomes (FNO) defined using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 1 or 2. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 Jun 27;10(7). Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is one of causes of sudden cardiac death in the young, especially in athletes. Diagnosis of CPVT may be difficult since all cardiological examinations performed at rest are usually normal, and exercise stress test-induced ventricular tachycardia is not commonly present. The identification of a pathogenic mutation in or is diagnostic in CPVT. Read More

Cells 2020 Jun 26;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.

Adult stem/progenitor are a small population of cells that reside in tissue-specific niches and possess the potential to differentiate in all cell types of the organ in which they operate. Adult stem cells are implicated with the homeostasis, regeneration, and aging of all tissues. Tissue-specific adult stem cell senescence has emerged as an attractive theory for the decline in mammalian tissue and organ function during aging. Read More

Tex Heart Inst J 2020 Apr;47(2):108-116

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, JFK Medical Center, Atlantis, Florida 33462.

Warm blood cardioplegia has been an established cardioplegic method since the 1990s, yet it remains controversial in regard to myocardial protection. This review will describe the physiologic and technical concepts behind warm blood cardioplegia, as well as outline the current basic and clinical research that evaluates its usefulness. Controversies regarding this technique will also be reviewed. Read More

Commun Biol 2020 Jun 29;3(1):336. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.

Drosophila is a powerful genetic model system for cardiovascular studies. Recently, optogenetic pacing tools have been developed to control Drosophila heart rhythm noninvasively with blue light, which has a limited penetration depth. Here we developed both a red-light sensitive opsin expressing Drosophila system and an integrated red-light stimulation and optical coherence microscopy (OCM) imaging system. Read More

Heart 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.

Objective: To assess the incidence of adverse cardiac events in pregnant women with rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD) and to derive a clinical risk scoring for predicting it.

Methods: This is an observational study involving pregnant women with RHD, attending a tertiary centre in south India. Data regarding obstetric history, medical history, maternal complications and perinatal outcome till discharge were collected. Read More

Physiol Rep 2020 Jun;8(12):e14472

Department of Pediatrics, University at California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Background: Infants with hypoxic-ischemic injury often require cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mitochondrial failure to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during hypoxic-ischemic reperfusion injury contributes to cellular damage. Current postnatal strategies to improve outcome in hypoxic-ischemic injury need sophisticated equipment to perform servo-controlled cooling. Read More

J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2020 Jun 15;11(6):4135-4146. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Heart and Vascular Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is a diagnosis of exclusion made when no underlying cause is identified in a cardiac arrest survivor. Although the frequency of this diagnosis has declined over time due to advances in diagnostic techniques, it remains a substantial cause of sudden cardiac arrest. Further, IVF tends to recur. Read More

Ann Vasc Dis 2020 Jun;13(2):191-193

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain And Heart Center At Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.

An asymptomatic 70-year-old man presented with Kommerell's diverticulum (KD) and an aberrant left subclavian artery. Computed tomography revealed a KD diameter of 53 mm, severe aortic arch angulation, and no landing zone for thoracic endovascular aortic repair from the arch vessels to the diverticulum. We performed single-stage hybrid repair of KD of the right aortic arch, left carotid-left subclavian artery bypass, and embolization of the subclavian artery, followed by replacement of the descending aorta through deep hypothermic circulatory arrest via right thoracotomy. Read More

Curr Cardiol Rep 2020 Jun 27;22(8):73. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the important role that metabolism plays in driving maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Recent Findings: Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes provide a model system for human cardiac biology. However, these models have been unable to fully recapitulate the maturity observed in the adult heart. Read More

Europace 2020 Jun 28. Epub 2020 Jun 28.

Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Aims: Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effect of beta-blockers on first-registered heart rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to establish whether the use of beta-blockers influences first-registered rhythm in OHCA.

Methods And Results: We included patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac cause from two large independent OHCA-registries from Denmark and the Netherlands. Read More

Seizure 2020 Jun 19;80:166-168. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Michigan State University, Director of Electrophysiology and Electrophysiology Laboratory, McLaren Greater Lansing Hospital, Lansing, MI, USA.

Artif Organs 2020 Jun 27. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

University Hospital Düsseldorf, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonary Diseases and Vascular Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.

The frequency of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) device application has increased in recent years. Besides implantation in the emergency setting, such as circulatory arrest, MCS are also increasingly used electively to ensure hemodynamic stability in high-risk patients, e.g. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jun;99(26):e20873

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hebei, China.

Introduction: Central venous catheters related thrombosis (CRT) insertion has been shown to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, particularly pulmonary embolism (PE). Nevertheless, deaths cased due to PE have been rarely reported.

Patient Concerns: A central venous catheter was introduced through the right jugular vein during the operation due to severe septic shock from a 57-year-old male patient. Read More

Heart Rhythm 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. Electronic address:

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an important cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in young to middle-aged women. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) may complicate acute SCAD presentations and the long-term outcomes are unknown.

Objective: To report the outcomes in SCAD patients presenting with VT/VF. Read More

J Int Med Res 2020 Jun;48(6):300060520931260

Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Objective: To establish and evaluate a swine model of traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) induced by haemorrhage and ventricular fibrillation.

Methods: Thirteen male pigs were divided into a sham group ( = 5) and TCA group ( = 8). Animals in the sham-operated group underwent intubation and monitoring but not haemorrhage and resuscitation, while animals in the TCA group underwent 40% blood volume haemorrhage over 20 min followed by 5 min of ventricular fibrillation and 5 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with fluid resuscitation. Read More

J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Jun;75(25):3105-3118

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Background: The CABANA (Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation) trial randomized 2,204 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to catheter ablation or drug therapy. Analysis by intention-to-treat showed a nonsignificant 14% relative reduction in the primary outcome of death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess recurrence of AF in the CABANA trial. Read More

Heart Rhythm 2020 Jun 20. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address:

Background: Early studies suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause injury to cardiac myocytes and increase arrhythmia risk.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of cardiac arrest and arrhythmias including incident atrial fibrillation (AF), bradyarrhythmias, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) in a large urban population hospitalized for COVID-19. Read More

Ann Acad Med Singapore 2020 May;49(5):285-293

Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

Introduction: Nursing home (NH) residents with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) have unique resuscitation priorities. This study aimed to describe OHCA characteristics in NH residents and identify independent predictors of survival.

Materials And Methods: OHCA cases between 2010-16 in the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study were retrospectively analysed. Read More

Front Pediatr 2020 2;8:231. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.

Apparently stillborn neonates are born in the terminal stage of secondary apnoea and respond poorly to basic resuscitation procedures proposed by the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP). Increasing experimental and clinical evidence shows that stringently adhering to the NRP guidelines may delay sufficient ventilation and chest compressions and consequently prolong the duration of asystole in apparently stillborn neonates. To add to this information, we summarized our experience with the resuscitation of apparently stillborn neonates and reported the neonatal outcomes in a cohort of apparently stillborn neonates resuscitated at a tertiary care center in China. Read More

Biochem Pharmacol 2020 Jun 21;178:114114. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071 USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is a pandemic public health emergency of global concern. Other than the profound severe pulmonary damage, SARS-CoV-2 infection also leads to a series of cardiovascular abnormalities, including myocardial injury, myocarditis and pericarditis, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and coagulation abnormalities. Meanwhile, COVID-19 patients with preexisting cardiovascular diseases are often at a much higher risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 06;382(26):e109

Cochin University Hospital, Paris, France.

N Engl J Med 2020 Jun;382(26):e109

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

N Engl J Med 2020 Jun;382(26):e109

Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

N Engl J Med 2020 Jun;382(26):e109

Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France

N Engl J Med 2020 Jun;382(26):e109

Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

N Engl J Med 2020 06;382(26):e109

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA

IEEE Trans Cybern 2020 Jun 24;PP. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Cardiomyopathy is a disease category that describes the diseases of the heart muscle. It can infect all ages with different serious complications, such as heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest. Usually, signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy include abnormal heart rhythms, dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2020 Jun 24:e016072. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Anesthesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI.

Background The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has expanded to include unique populations such as peripartum women. This systematic review aims to (1) quantify the number of cases and indications for ECLS in women during the peripartum period reported in the literature and (2) report maternal and fetal complications and outcomes associated with peripartum ECLS. Methods and Results This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108142). Read More

HeartRhythm Case Rep 2020 Jun 14;6(6):300-303. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jun 19;21(12). Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.

Outcome prognostication after cardiac arrest (CA) is challenging. Current multimodal prediction approaches would benefit from new biomarkers. MicroRNAs constitute a novel class of disease markers and circulating levels of brain-enriched ones have been associated with outcome after CA. Read More

Resuscitation 2020 Jun 20. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of chest compression fraction (CCF) on survival to hospital discharge and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with non-shockable rhythms.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis (completed in 2016) of a prospective cohort study which included OHCA patients from ten U.S. Read More

Resuscitation 2020 Jun 20. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, US. Electronic address:

Background: The ECG is a critical diagnostic tool for the management of immediate sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors, but can be altered following the SCA event. A limited number of studies report that electrical remodeling post SCA is due to prolonged myocardial repolarization, but a better understanding of this phenomenon is needed.

Aim: To identify specific ECG abnormalities that follow SCA in immediate survivors. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, 899 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.

The use of cerebral autoregulation monitoring to identify patient-specific optimal mean arterial pressure (MAP) has emerged as a technique to augment cerebral oxygen delivery in post-cardiac arrest patients. Our systematic review aims to determine (a) the average MAP in these patients, (b) the feasibility of identifying MAP, (c) the brain tissue oxygenation levels when MAP is within proximity to the MAP and (d) the relationship between neurological outcome and MAP-targeted resuscitation strategies. We carried out this review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Read More

J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2020 Jun;50(2):207-214

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

Interv Neuroradiol 2020 Jun 20:1591019920935276. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.

Background: Endovascular treatment has been considered a good alternative to surgery for symptomatic vertebral artery origin stenosis (VAOS) due to the high risk of morbidity associated with surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of insertion of the closed-cell, self-expandable Carotid Wallstent for the treatment of VAOS.

Methods: The records of 72 patients with VAOS refractory to adequate medication who were treated by endovascular treatment with the Carotid Wallstent from December 2006 to November 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Read More

Case Rep Anesthesiol 2020 10;2020:8767195. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

On December 16, 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States approved sugammadex (Bridion, Merck and Co), a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, to be used as a reversal agent. It is a first and unique selective nondepolarizing steroidal muscle relaxant (NDSMR) binding agent with a great affinity for rocuronium and vecuronium. However, there have been several recently published case reports of bradycardia and asystole immediately after sugammadex administration for the reversal. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020 21;2020:1412696. Epub 2020 May 21.

State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.

Neonatal mouse hearts can regenerate completely in 21 days after cardiac injury, providing an ideal model to exploring heart regenerative therapeutic targets. The oxidative damage by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is one of the critical reasons for the cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes (CMs), which cause mouse hearts losing the capacity to regenerate in 7 days or shorter after birth. As an antioxidant, hydrogen sulfide (HS) plays a protective role in a variety of diseases by scavenging ROS produced during the pathological processes. Read More

J Emerg Med 2020 Jun 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: In 2010, the American Heart Association recommended that postcardiac arrest care should be included in the chain of survival to reduce permanent neurological damage, improve quality of life, and reduce health care expenses of postcardiac arrest care.

Objectives: To investigate post-in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) survival prior to and after modification of the chain of survival in 2010, with subgroup analyses per age and concomitant coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: We retrospectively searched the National Health Insurance Research Database for the 2007-2015 period to collect case data coded as "427. Read More

Am J Cardiol 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama. Electronic address:

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have a significantly elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, few imaging data have been correlated to this risk. We evaluated the value of multiple echocardiographic markers of left ventricular (LV) function to predict SCD in HFpEF patients. Read More

Eur Heart J 2020 Jun 20. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Aims: An increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence has been reported in the very early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, but a clear demonstration of a correlation between the increased incidence of OHCA and COVID-19 is missing so far. We aimed to verify whether there is an association between the OHCA difference compared with 2019 and the COVID-19 epidemic curve.

Methods And Results: We included all the consecutive OHCAs which occurred in the Provinces of Lodi, Cremona, Pavia, and Mantova in the 2 months following the first documented case of COVID-19 in the Lombardia Region and compared them with those which occurred in the same time frame in 2019. Read More

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020 Jun 19. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: Pralidoxime potentiated the pressor effect of adrenaline and facilitated restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after prolonged cardiac arrest. In this study, we hypothesised that pralidoxime would hasten ROSC in a model with a short duration of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF). We also hypothesised that potentiation of the pressor effect of adrenaline by pralidoxime would not be accompanied by worsening of the adverse effects of adrenaline. Read More

Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020 Jun 19. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany.

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic pathologies requires sufficient landing zone of ideally more than 25 mm for safe anchoring of the stent-graft and prevention of endoleaks. In the aortic arch and at the thoracoabdominal transition, landing zone length is usually limited by the offspring of the major aortic side-branches. Exact deployment of the stent-graft to effectively use the whole length of the landing zone and to prevent occlusion of one of the side-branches is key to successful TEVAR. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 Jun 19:e13859. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China. Besides pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the disease leads to multisystem involvement in the form of myocarditis, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypoxemic brain injury, acute liver and renal function impairment. There are also reports of cutaneous lesions in form of urticarial and maculopapular rashes, chilblain like fingers and toes (covid feet), livedoid vasculopathy and chicken-pox like or varicelliform vesicles. Read More

JAMA Cardiol 2020 Jun 19. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York.

Importance: Risk factors for out-of-hospital death due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly defined. From March 1 to April 25, 2020, New York City, New York (NYC), reported 17 118 COVID-19-related deaths. On April 6, 2020, out-of-hospital cardiac arrests peaked at 305 cases, nearly a 10-fold increase from the prior year. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2020 Jun 19:1-5. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

National Brain Aneurysm and Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, United Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Intraoperative rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a life-threatening situation that carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Since 2000, adenosine has been used successfully to induce transient hypotension and/or asystole to control bleeding and facilitate surgical clipping of aneurysms that rupture intraoperatively. Given the paucity of reports describing this method in a limited number of patients, we performed a systematic review of the literature detailing the use and outcomes of this technique. Read More

Physiol Meas 2020 Jun 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund , SE-221 00, SWEDEN.

Objective: An artefact-free electrocardiogram (ECG) is essential during cardiac arrest to decide therapy such as defibrillation. Mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) devices cause movement artefacts that alter the ECG. This study analyzes the efectiveness of mechanical CPR artefact suppression filters to restore clinically relevant ECG information. Read More

Resuscitation 2020 Jun 15. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

St. Paul's Hospital Emergency Department, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: The "no flow" interval is the time from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Its prognostic value is important to define for prehospital resuscitation decisions, post-resuscitation care and prognostication, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) candidacy assessment.

Methods: We examined bystander-witnessed OHCAs without bystander CPR from two Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium datasets. Read More