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Surg J (N Y) 2019 Jan 22;5(1):e25-e27. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.

VO max is a measure of athletic performance and is generally considered an excellent health parameter for athletic performance testing. Various methods are used to generate such a result generally using a treadmill or cycle ergometer. Improvements have been shown through training. Read More

Int J Inflam 2019 21;2019:3945496. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Post-Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation in the airways. Several models have been proposed for the discovery of new therapies. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is relatively new and effective, very low cost, with no side effects. Read More

Clin Exp Allergy 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) or spontaneous anaphylaxis is a diagnosis of exclusion when no cause can be identified. The exact incidence and prevalence of IA is not known. The clinical manifestations of IA are similar to other known causes of anaphylaxis. Read More

J Equine Vet Sci 2019 Apr 29;75:48-54. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK.

Mild-to-moderate equine asthma is prevalent in young racehorses, particularly early in their training period. Although the precise etiopathogenesis remains undetermined, it is possible that the susceptibility of this population might partly reflect an exercise-associated immune derangement at the level of the airway. We performed a genome-wide basal gene expression scan on alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from Standardbred racehorses before and after commencement of competition race training with a view to identifying any exercise-associated gene expression modulation consistent with functional alterations, which might reflect training-associated immunological derangement. Read More

J Asthma 2019 Apr 16:1-7. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

a Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine , Hvidovre Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.

Background: The mannitol test is widely used for assessment of airway responsiveness in patients with possible asthma, but our knowledge of the value in everyday clinical practice is limited.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of the mannitol test in a clinical setting.

Methods: All patients having a mannitol challenge test as part of their diagnostic work-up for asthma at the respiratory outpatient clinic, Hvidovre Hospital, over a 5-year period were included in the present analysis. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2019 28;27:100827. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Pulmonary/Critical Care, USA.

There are multiple causes of dyspnea upon exertion in young, healthy patients to primarily include asthma and exercise-induced bronchospasm. (EDAC) describes focal collapse of the trachea or main bronchi with maintained structural integrity of the cartilaginous rings. It is commonly associated with pulmonary disorders like bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University General Allergy Center, Nagoya, Japan.

World Allergy Organ J 2019 26;12(1):100004. Epub 2019 Jan 26.

Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Periostin is induced by IL-13 and has been studied as a biomarker of asthma. The present study explored the relationship between serum levels of periostin and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in asthmatic children.

Methods: The study population consisted of 86 children 6-15 years old divided into an asthmatic group ( = 56) and healthy controls ( = 30). Read More

Respiration 2019 Apr 1:1-11. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,

Background: The beneficial effects of exercise training for asthmatics might relate to repetitive airway stretching. Thus, a training with more pronounced airway stretch using isolated, volitional hyperpnea (HYP) might be similarly or more effective. However, in healthy subjects, a bout of HYP training is known to cause an acute FEV1 decline. Read More

Eur J Immunol 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Creatine (Cr) is a substrate for adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and it is the most used dietary supplement among professional and recreative athletes and sportsmen. Creatine supplementation may increase allergic airway response, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown. We used murine model of OVA-induced chronic asthma and showed that Cr supplementation increased total proteins, ATP level, lymphocytes, macrophages, and IL-5 levels in BALF, as well as IL-5 in the supernatant of re-stimulated mediastinal lymph nodes. Read More

Allergy 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.

Front Pediatr 2019 1;7:52. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.

Exertional dyspnea is a common complaint in general pediatric practice. While a high proportion of the general pediatric population has asthma, other diagnoses, including exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction should be considered, especially when asthma therapy is not sufficient to control symptoms. This review describes some of the key clinical features of exercised-induced laryngeal obstruction as well as preferred diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Read More

Pediatr Ann 2019 Mar;48(3):e121-e127

Exercise-induced dyspnea in children and adolescents can occur for many reasons. Although asthma is the common cause, failure to prevent exercise-induced asthma by pretreatment with a bronchodilator, such as albuterol, indicates that other etiologies should be considered. Other causes of exercise-induced dyspnea include exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction, exercise-induced laryngomalacia, exercise-induced hyperventilation, chest wall restrictive abnormalities, cardiac causes, and normal physiologic limitation. Read More

Drug Test Anal 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.

Formoterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) used for the treatment of asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Formoterol is usually administered as a racemic (rac-) mixture of (R,R)- and (S,S)-enantiomers. While formoterol is restricted by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), inhalation of formoterol is permitted to a predetermined dose (54 μg/24 hours) and a urine threshold of 40 ng/mL. Read More

Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019 Feb 22;36(1):1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.

Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms describe acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. It includes exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) issues. To provide clinicians with practical guidelines, a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders was convened to review the pathogenesis of EIB/EIA and to develop evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment. Read More

Thorax 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.

We examined the interactions between acoustically driven mood modulation and dyspnoea. Following familiarisation, 18 healthy participants attended three experimental sessions on separate days performing two 5 min treadmill tests with a 30 min interval per session while listening to either a positive, negative or neutral set of standardised International Affective Digitised Sounds (IADS). Participants rated intensity and affective domains of dyspnoea during the first exercise test and mood during the second. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019 Mar 2. Epub 2019 Mar 2.

Helsinki University Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: Recurrent wheezing in early life is transient in most children. The significance of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in persistence of respiratory symptoms from infancy to early childhood is controversial.

Objective: We evaluated whether AHR in wheezy infants predicts doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA) or AHR at the age of 6 years. Read More

Vet J 2019 Feb 6;244:28-33. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Unité de nutrition, PhysioPathologie et Pharmacologie (NP3), Ecole nationale vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes F-44307, France.

Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from one lung may not predict findings in the contralateral lung of the same horse. The aim of this study was to determine whether a pooled BALF from both lungs was representative of corresponding individual samples. Fifty-one horses referred for poor performance and/or respiratory signs and for which a BALF was collected from both lungs, were included in the study. Read More

JMIR Serious Games 2019 Feb 25;7(1):e10116. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Background: Exercise and physical activity are key components of treatment for chronic respiratory diseases. However, the level of physical activity and adherence to exercise programs are low in people with these diseases. Active video games (AVGs) may provide a more engaging alternative to traditional forms of exercise. Read More

J Asthma 2019 Feb 22:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

h Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON , Canada.

Objective: To investigate whether once-daily (OD) fluticasone furoate (FF)/vilanterol (VI) provides greater long-term protection from postexercise fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) than twice-daily (BD) fluticasone propionate (FP) in patients with asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, crossover study was conducted in patients (aged 12-50 years) on low-/mid-dose maintenance inhaled corticosteroid. Following a 4-week run-in period (FP 250 µg BD), patients with a ≥ 20% decrease in postexercise FEV received FF/VI 100/25 µg OD or FP 250 µg BD for 2 weeks. Read More

Exerc Immunol Rev 2019;25:50-62

Universidade Brasil, Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Campus Itaquera, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, São Paulo - SP, Brazil, 08230-030. Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos - SP, Brazil, 12245-520. Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Av. Ana Costa, 95 - Vila Mathias - Santos/SP - CEP: 11060-001.

Background: Aerobic training (AT) decreases airway inflammation in asthma, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Thus, this study evaluated the participation of SOCS-JAK-STAT signaling in the effects of AT on airway inflammation, remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in a model of allergic airway inflammation.

Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were divided into Control (Co), Exercise (Ex), HDM (HDM), and HDM+Exercise (HDM+ Ex). Read More

Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019 04 13;55:67-74. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Canada.

In the general population, particularly in individuals with asthma, cough is a common symptom, often reported after exertion, although regular exercise may be associated with a reduction in the prevalence of cough. In athletes, exercise-induced cough is also a particularly frequent symptom. The main etiologies of cough in athletes are somewhat similar to non-athletes, including asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness, upper airways disorders such as allergic or non-allergic rhinitis, and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction, although these conditions are more frequently observed in athletes. Read More

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019 23;5(1):e000487. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.

Objective: A constricted, upper chest breathing pattern and postural dealignments habitually accompany exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO), but there are few effective treatments for athletes presenting with EILO. This case series was conducted to examine whether physiotherapy based on principles from the Norwegian psychomotor physiotherapy (NPMP) combined with elements of cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce laryngeal distress in athletes with EILO.

Methods: Respiratory distress in four subjects was examined by interview prior to a physiotherapeutic body examination. Read More

Respir Care 2019 Apr 5;64(4):445-452. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Single-step tests have been proposed as simple and inexpensive challenges to diagnose exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in the pediatric population. Work performed and the resulting ventilation, however, might be substantially lower in stepping than running. This might decrease the diagnostic yield of step-based challenges. Read More

Open Access J Sports Med 2019 15;10:17-31. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,

Purpose: Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction which is common in asthmatic patients also occurs in individuals with no prior asthma diagnosis. Despite this and the fact that soccer is a high ventilation sport, there are no validated asthma management protocols in place for soccer coaches. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 30;30:301. Epub 2018 Aug 30.

Department of Cardiology B, Ibn Sina Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

The Kounis-Zavras syndrome is defined as the coincidental occurrence of acute coronary events and hypersensitivity reactions following an allergic reaction including a mast-cell degranulation of vasospastic mediators. This report describes a case of Kounis-Zavras syndrome in the setting of aspirin-induced asthma also known as Samter-Beer triad combining nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin allergy leading to vasospasm and myocardial infarction. All physicians should be aware of The Kounis syndrome and always keep that unique clinical entity in mind to recognize it promptly and direct the therapy at suppressing the allergic reaction. Read More

Front Pediatr 2018 20;6:406. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.

Asthma occurs across the life course. Its optimal treatment includes the use of personalized management plans that recognize the importance of co-morbidities including so-called "dysfunctional breathing." Such symptoms can arise as a result of induced laryngeal obstruction (ILO) or alterations in the mechanics of normal breathing called breathing pattern disorders. Read More

BMJ Open Respir Res 2018 18;5(1):e000358. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Introduction: The eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge is used to screen for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Several criteria have been proposed to determine the decrease in lung function (fall index, FI) following EVH. We compared three published FI calculation methods to determine if they affect the diagnostic classification. Read More

Rev Alerg Mex 2018 Oct-Dec;65(4):372-378

Universidad Quetzalcóatl en Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.

Background: The prevalence of allergic diseases markedly varies according to the geographical region.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in children of six and seven years of age.

Methods: Cross-sectional study that included a sample of almost 15 thousand children in five cities of Mexico. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Mar 2;118:68-72. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, USA.

Introduction: Paradoxical vocal fold movement dysfunction (PVFMD) is a disorder in which the vocal folds involuntarily adduct during inspiration resulting in stridor, cough, dysphonia and dyspnea. Diagnosis of PVFMD is difficult given the episodic nature of the disorder and the often-normal laryngeal exam in between episodes. Moreover, additional sources of obstruction have been identified as sources of Periodic Occurrence of Laryngeal Obstruction (POLO). Read More

J Intellect Disabil Res 2019 Apr 19;63(4):338-345. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Faculty of Health Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.

Background: The prevalence of asthma among athletes with intellectual disabilities, and the asthma knowledge levels of their coaches, is unknown.

Methods: Special Olympics Canada athletes completed a demographic questionnaire (n = 208). Athletes who identified as having ever or current asthma completed the Asthma Control Questionnaire and the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and were measured for height, weight and lung function (n = 73). Read More

Respir Med 2018 Dec 21;145:48-56. Epub 2018 Oct 21.

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Individuals with obesity are more likely to develop asthma, but the exact mechanism is still uncertain and several hypotheses have been raised, such as the release of inflammatory mediators secreted by adipose tissue.

Objective: To assess the effects of weight loss in patients submitted to bariatric surgery on pulmonary and systemic inflammation.

Method: The study evaluated patients undergoing bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) with the diagnosis of asthma, except smokers. Read More

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018 8;14:81. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Background: The aetiology of anaphylaxis differs according to types of foods consumed, fauna and foliage and cultural practices. Although the aetiology of anaphylaxis in Western countries are well known, the causes in South Asian countries have not been reported. We sought to determine the causes of anaphylaxis in patients referred to an immunology clinic in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Read More

Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019 01 6;259:162-165. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Nursing, Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait. Electronic address:

Asthmatic patients often suffer from bronchoconstriction or asthma following breathing hot air or exposure to exercise due to raises the core body temperature. However, the direct effect of heating airways has not been studied yet. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of heating on tracheal and bronchiolar smooth muscles. Read More

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018 Oct 26;18(12):72. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd., Building for Transformative Medicine, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Purpose Of Review: This paper will review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of exercise-induced anaphylaxis and food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis with an emphasis on novel studies published in the past several years.

Recent Findings: Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAn) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anaphylaxis during or shortly after physical exertion. The syndrome is broadly grouped into two categories: exercise-induced anaphylaxis and food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIAn). Read More

Pneumologie 2018 Oct 10;72(10):687-731. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Facharztforum Fürth.

This document replaces the DGP recommendations published in 1998 and 2013. Based on recent studies and a consensus conference, the indications, choice and performance of the adequate exercise testing method and its necessary technical and staffing setting are discussed. Detailed recommendations are provided: for blood gas analysis and right heart catheterization during exercise, walk tests, spiroergometry, and stress echocardiography. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019 Jan 25;122(1):118-119. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Ann Agric Environ Med 2018 Sep 17;25(3):428-432. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

Department of the Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Introduction: A growing number of epidemiological studies suggest that paracetamol, which is commonly used in children, may be a risk factor for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine and characterize the correlation between paracetamol use and asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema symptoms in the Polish population.

Material And Methods: The study is part of the ECAP project involving the use of the ISAAC and ECRHS questionnaires. Read More

Respir Care 2019 Jan 25;64(1):71-76. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio.

Background: A simple exercise test to evaluate for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is routinely ordered in pediatric patients with exercise-induced dyspnea. However, the utility of this test in establishing the cause of exercise-induced dyspnea is not thoroughly examined in the pediatric population. We sought to assess the efficiency of a simple EIB challenge test in finding the cause of exercise-induced dyspnea in pediatric patients referred to our tertiary center in the last 5 y. Read More

Clin Exp Allergy 2019 Jan 7;49(1):120-129. Epub 2018 Oct 7.

Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany.

Background: Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (T. turgidum) are both involved in Baker's asthma (BA) and food allergy (FA) including wheat-dependent exercise-induced asthma (WDEIA). However, allergens in durum wheat have not been described, and the over-expression of T. Read More

Braz J Phys Ther 2019 Jan - Feb;23(1):12-18. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Postgraduate Studies in Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objective: To assess the association between quality of life, asthma severity, sleep disorders and exercise capacity in children with asthma.

Methods: We evaluated 45 children with asthma of both sexes aged between 7 and 12 years, diagnosed by a pediatrician/pulmonologist and classified according to the IV Brazilian Guidelines for Asthma Management: severity (intermittent/mild and moderate/severe) and control (controlled, partially controlled and uncontrolled). Quality of life (QoL), presence of sleep disorders and exercise capacity were respectively assessed using the following instruments: Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ); Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC); and six-minute step test (6MST). Read More

Allergy 2019 Mar 8;74(3):518-526. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Background: Wheezing illnesses among young children are common and are a risk factor for asthma. However, determinants of childhood bronchial reactivity, a key feature of asthma, are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how patient characteristics during the first severe virus-induced wheezing episode are associated with pulmonary function at preschool age. Read More

Sci Adv 2018 Aug 17;4(8):eaar8602. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.

Wheat is an important staple grain for humankind globally because of its end-use quality and nutritional properties and its adaptability to diverse climates. For a small proportion of the population, specific wheat proteins can trigger adverse immune responses and clinical manifestations such as celiac disease, wheat allergy, baker's asthma, and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). Establishing the content and distribution of the immunostimulatory regions in wheat has been hampered by the complexity of the wheat genome and the lack of complete genome sequence information. Read More

NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2018 Aug 14;28(1):31. Epub 2018 Aug 14.

Global Respiratory Franchise, GSK, Middlesex, London, UK.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) can occur in individuals with and without asthma, and is prevalent among athletes of all levels. In patients with asthma, symptoms of EIB significantly increase the proportion reporting feelings of fearfulness, frustration, isolation, depression and embarrassment compared with those without symptoms. EIB can also prevent patients with asthma from participating in exercise and negatively impact their quality of life. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2018 Sep 7;35(7):759-775. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Antenne médicale de prévention du dopage, EA 3450, service des examens de la fonction respiratoire et de l'aptitude à l'exercice médecine du sport, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Bronchial challenge with the direct bronchoconstrictor agent methacholine is commonly used for the diagnosis of asthma. The "Lung Function" thematic group of the French Pulmonology Society (SPLF) elaborated a series of guidelines for the performance and the interpretation of methacholine challenge testing, based on French clinical guideline methodology. Specifically, guidelines are provided with regard to the choice of judgment criteria, the management of deep inspirations, and the role of methacholine bronchial challenge in the care of asthma, exercise-induced asthma, and professional asthma. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 10 27;121(4):451-457. Epub 2018 Jul 27.

Pediatric Unit, Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: Clinical significance of small airway obstruction in mild pediatric asthma is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate small airway properties in children with mild to moderate asthmatic symptoms and the association of small airway function with asthma control and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB).

Methods: Children (5-10 years old) with recurrent wheezing (n = 42) or persistent troublesome cough (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 19) performed impulse oscillometry (IOS), spirometry, and a multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) test. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 9;9:814. Epub 2018 Jul 9.

Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

In recent years, the altitude acclimatization responses elicited by short-term intermittent exposure to hypoxia have been subject to renewed attention. The main goal of short-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure programs was originally to improve the aerobic capacity of athletes or to accelerate the altitude acclimatization response in alpinists, since such programs induce an increase in erythrocyte mass. Several model programs of intermittent exposure to hypoxia have presented efficiency with respect to this goal, without any of the inconveniences or negative consequences associated with permanent stays at moderate or high altitudes. Read More

Electron Physician 2018 Jun 25;10(6):6920-6926. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Consultant of Public Health, Saudi Board of Family Medicine, Northern Borders, Arar City, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Asthma is a common chronic disease in adolescents, and has led to a significant morbidity and disability. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of asthma in the Northern Borders Region of Saudi Arabia. Only limited data has been available about prevalence of asthma in adolescents' age. Read More

FASEB J 2018 Jul 19:fj201700338. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Center for Nutrition and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA.

Asthma in the obese is often severe, difficult to treat, and characterized by less eosinophilic inflammation than asthma in the nonobese. Obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation may be a causal factor. We previously reported that a nutrient- and fiber-dense bar [Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI)-bar], which was designed to fill gaps in poor diets, improved metabolism in healthy overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults. Read More

Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018 Jun 9;10:177-189. Epub 2018 May 9.

Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.

Background: The effect of a pre-exercise meal as countermeasure to exercise induced immunodepression is poorly known. Also, sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk but studies on immune changes are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess: 1) the impact of a pre-exercise Mediterranean meal (MdM) compared with a fast-food type meal (FFM) on exercise-induced immunological changes and 2) the impact of an induced acute period of sedentary behavior on neuro-immune-endocrine status. Read More