Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020 Jun;22(6):543-554

Selective bronchial intubation (SBI) to ventilate a single lung (one-lung ventilation, OLV) or to apply separate lung ventilation (independent-lung ventilation, ILV) can be frequently required under general anesthesia in pediatrics, mainly in video assisted thoracoscopy surgery, in the postoperative care of cardio-thoracic surgery, and for the treatment of lung pathologies with unilateral prevalence in intensive care. In children over 6-8 years of age SBI, OLV and ILV can be performed using marketed double-lumen tubes (DLTs). In neonates, infants and younger children the application of ILV is limited due to the lack of DLTs. Read More

Natl Vital Stat Rep 2019 Jun;68(8):1-20

Objectives-A primary goal of the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth was to improve data quality. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Aug 5;135:110079. Epub 2020 May 5.

University of Southern Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark; Odense University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense, Denmark. Electronic address:

Objective: To explore risk factors for non-participation for the Danish universal newborn hearing screening program, including socioeconomic demographic and peripartum conditions. Furthermore, the participation rate between children with medical risk factors for congenital hearing loss and healthy newborns was analyzed.

Methods: The study was register-based and included all live births in Denmark between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2011, in total 251,081 children. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020 Apr 16:1-8. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Among low-risk pregnancies, we aimed to ascertain the association between 5-minute Apgar score and adverse outcomes of newborn-maternal dyad. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. Read More

Gac Med Mex 2020 ;156(2):109-116

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Pediatric Hospital. Mexico City, Mexico.

Introduction: Surgery for congenital heart disease can generate cerebral perfusion-associated alterations with neurological repercussions.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of peri-surgical cerebrovascular resistance index (RI) with mediate neurological functions after congenital heart disease surgery.

Method: Prospective cohort study of 34 neonates in whom basilar artery RI, serum oxygen, carbon dioxide and lactate levels were determined before and after palliative or corrective procedures. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2020 Feb 5;3(2):e1919498. Epub 2020 Feb 5.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Importance: Unexpected complications in term newborns have been recently adopted by the Joint Commission as a marker of obstetric care quality.

Objective: To understand the variation and patient and hospital factors associated with severe unexpected complications in term neonates among hospitals in the United States.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study collected data from all births in US counties with 1 obstetric hospital using county-identified birth certificate data and American Hospital Association annual survey data from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 02 3;2:CD005254. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

University of Toronto, Departments of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Toronto, Canada.

Background: In the 1960s and 1970s, pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) occurred mainly in full-term infants with pre-existing illness with an incidence of 1.3 per 1000 live births. Risk factors for PH included severity of illness, intrauterine growth restriction, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coagulopathy and the need for assisted ventilation. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2020 02;135(2):387-395

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, the Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, and the Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Objective: To quantify the reported prevalence and trend of maternal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States (2009-2017) and identify maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes associated with HCV infection during pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all live births in the United States for the period 2009 through 2017 using National Center for Health Statistics birth records. We estimated reported prevalence and trends over this time period for the United States. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Dec;23(24):11032-11042

Department of Newborn Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate effect of budesonide combining Poractant Alfa on preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Patients And Methods: A total of 120 preterm infants were involved. pH value, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and blood gas analysis were evaluated. Read More

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2019 Dec;57(12):934-942

To study the short-term outcomes and their related risk factors of extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) in Guangdong province. The neonatal and corresponding maternal medical records of 2 392 cases of EPI and ELBWI discharged from 26 tertiary hospitals in Guangdong province during 2013-2017 were collected. -square test or linear-by-linear association -square was used to analyze the following data on an annual basis: (1) the proportion of EPI and ELBWI in all discharged infants and preterm infants; (2) the difference in survival rate of EPI and ELBWI in different regions and types of hospital; and (3) the difference in incidence of complications. Read More

Rev Bras Anestesiol 2019 Sep - Oct;69(5):514-516. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.

Background And Objectives: One-lung ventilation and selective intubation in neonates can be challenging due to intrinsic physiological specificities and material available. Ultrasound (US) is being increasingly used in many extents of anaesthesiology including confirmation of endotracheal tube position.

Case Report: We present a case report of a neonate proposed for pulmonary lobectomy by thoracoscopy in which lung exclusion was confirmed by ultrasound. Read More

BMJ 2019 10 15;367:l5517. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG/Amsterdam Public Health, Van der Boechhorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of routine ultrasonography in the third trimester in reducing adverse perinatal outcomes in low risk pregnancies compared with usual care and the effect of this policy on maternal outcomes and obstetric interventions.

Design: Pragmatic, multicentre, stepped wedge cluster randomised trial.

Setting: 60 midwifery practices in the Netherlands. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 10 2;16(19). Epub 2019 Oct 2.

Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Colorado is regularly impacted by long-range transport of wildfire smoke from upwind regions. This smoke is a major source of ambient PM. Maternal exposure to total PM during pregnancy has been linked to decreased birth weight and other adverse outcomes, although the impact of wildfire smoke contribution has only recently been investigated. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2019 08;134(2):288-294

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Objective: To compare the composite neonatal or maternal adverse outcome among low-risk, parous women at 39-41 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019 10 27;221(4):353.e1-353.e7. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objective: The reported incidence of combined twin delivery (vaginal delivery of twin A followed by cesarean delivery for twin B) ranges between 5% and 10%. These estimates are based mostly on small studies or retrospective data. We aimed to evaluate to incidence and risk factors for and outcomes of combined twin deliveries, using a subanalysis of the Twin Birth Study, a randomized, controlled, prospective study. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2019 Jun 26;14(1):118. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

Departments of Medical Oncology, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Yishui County, Linyi, 276400, Shandong Province, China.

Background: An increasing number of hospitals have carried out neonatal thoracoscopic assisted repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: The 26 cases received thoracoscopic-assisted repair (observation group) and 44 cases open repair (control group). General anesthesia was performed with endotracheal intubation using a trachea cannula without cuff. Read More

Matern Child Health J 2019 Nov;23(11):1525-1535

College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Fayetteville, AR, USA.

Objective Despite heterogeneity among Pacific Islanders, most studies aggregate them regardless of origin. Thus, limited information is available about perinatal outcomes among various subgroups of Pacific Islanders in the United States, including immigrants from the Republic of the Marshall Islands. We sought to evaluate perinatal outcomes among Marshallese women. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Sep 17;67:277-279. Epub 2019 Jun 17.

Department of Neonatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, India. Electronic address:

Posterior fossa subdural hemorrhage (PFSDH) in term neonates is rare and unknown in the absence of obvious trauma. Its management is challenging and decided case to case basis. Here we report two cases of posterior fossa subdural hemorrhage in term babies with normal transition at birth and presenting later with neonatal encephalopathy. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2019 06;133(6):1160-1166

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.

Objective: To evaluate whether, at 37-39 weeks of gestation, delivery of a neonate with a birth weight that is 90% or greater for gestational age but less than 4,000 g is associated with increased composite maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used U.S. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2019 04;133(4):729-737

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Objective: To use a large national database to compare composite maternal or neonatal morbidity among low-risk, full-term women.

Methods: This cohort study, using the U.S. Read More

J Perinatol 2019 05 12;39(5):723-729. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Background: Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is a widely used mode of support in neonates, during which ventilator inflations may or may not coincide with spontaneous breathing.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that inflations delivered with NIPPV via RAM cannula and not accompanied by patient effort produce minimal tidal volume as measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography.

Design/methods: Fourteen subjects were monitored while receiving NIPPV. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019 Mar 17;234:103-107. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address:

Objective: To study the association between bloody amniotic fluid (BAF) during labor and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Study Design: In the last 10 years we have implemented an institutional protocol that mandates obstetricians/midwives to report their subjective impression of the color of amniotic fluid (clear, meconium stained, bloody) during labor. The medical records, and neonatal charts of all singleton deliveries ≥ 37 weeks between 2008-2018 were reviewed. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2019 02;117(1):6-11

Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Introduction: Multidrug resistant Gramnegative (MDRGN) infections are an increasing problem in neonatal intensive care units. The objective of this study was to establish the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and evolutionary characteristics of carbapenem-resistant MDRGN infections and the risk factors for them at the Division of Neonatology of a tertiary care hospital.

Population And Method: A retrospective cohort study was done in this Division in patients with a documented MDRGN infection between 4/24/2013 and 4/29/2015. Read More

J Artif Organs 2019 Jun 4;22(2):118-125. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon.

NAVA may improve veno-venous ECMO weaning in children. This is a retrospective small series, describing for the first time proof-of-principle for the use of NAVA in children on VV ECMO. Six patients (age 1-48 months) needed veno-venous ECMO. Read More

Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2018 11;12:1179556518817322. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most prevalent long-term morbidity of surviving extremely preterm infants and is associated with significant health care utilization in infancy and beyond. Recent advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants; however, the incidence of BPD has not been substantially impacted by novel interventions in this vulnerable population. The multifactorial cause of BPD requires a multi-pronged approach for prevention and treatment. Read More

Matern Child Health J 2019 May;23(5):572-577

Division of Family and Child Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA.

Introduction Homelessness can result in poor health. The number of families with children living in NYC homeless shelters increased 55% from 2008 to 2014. Half of children living in shelter in 2014 were younger than 6 years old. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0207909. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.

An urgent need exists to improve and maintain intrapartum skills of providers in sub-Saharan Africa. Peer-assisted learning may address this need, but few rigorous evaluations have been conducted in real-world settings. A pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial in 12 Ugandan districts provided facility-based, team training for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage and birth asphyxia at 125 facilities. Read More

Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 10 27;23(5):355-360. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal Fetal Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

The majority of newborn resuscitations require very little beyond simple airway management and assisted ventilation. If cardiovascular collapse is serious enough to warrant additional support, resuscitation algorithms recommend moving to chest compressions and then on to medications and possibly volume replacement if vital signs remain marginal or absent. The evidence base upon which this part of the neonatal resuscitation algorithm is structured is sparse. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2019 02 6;108(2):208-217. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

NICU, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Milano, Italy.

Aim: This review informed pain control guidelines for clinicians performing mechanical ventilation, nasal continuous positive airway pressure and endotracheal intubation on term and preterm newborn infants.

Methods: We reviewed literature published between 1986 and June 2017 on analgesia and sedation during assisted ventilation and before endotracheal intubation in newborn infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. The subsequent guidelines were developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 11 3;142(5). Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont; and.

: media-1vid110.1542/5828370139001PEDS-VA_2018-0457 BACKGROUND: Increased admissions of higher birth weight and less acutely ill infants to NICUs suggests that intensive care may be used inappropriately in these populations. We describe variation in use of NICU services by gestational age and NICU type. Read More

Rofo 2019 May 26;191(5):415-423. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Subdivision of Pulmonary Imaging, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Background:  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pulmonary parenchyma is generally hampered by multiple challenges related to patient respiratory- and circulation-related motion, low proton density and extremely fast signal decay due to the structure of the lungs evolved for gas exchange.

Methods:  Systematic literature database research as well as annual participation in conferences dedicated to pulmonary MRI for more than the past 20 years by at least one member of the author team.

Results And Conclusion:  The problem of motion has been addressed in the past by developments such as triggering, gating and parallel imaging. Read More

Pak J Pharm Sci 2018 Jul;31(4(Special)):1663-1666

BaYi Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College in PLA Army General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China / National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China / Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China.

To observe and analyze the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pressure for neonatal respiratory failure. The 200 newborns with respiratory failure treated in our hospital. They were enrolled as study subjects and assigned to study group and reference group with equal number of cases. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2018;78 Suppl 2:36-41

Departamento de Neurología, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Departamento de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina Herbert Wertheim, Universidad Internacional de la Florida, Miami, Florida. E-mail:

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a clearly recognizable clinical syndrome of in term newborns due to fetal asphyxia at birth. The incidence is 1.5 (95% CI 1. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 11 28;202:245-251.e1. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.

Objective: To evaluate trends in procedures used to treat children hospitalized in the US with empyema during a period that included the release of guidelines endorsing chest tube placement as an acceptable first-line alternative to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Study Design: We used National Inpatient Samples to describe empyema-related discharges of children ages 0-17 years during 2008-2014. We evaluated trends using inverse variance weighted linear regression and characterized treatment failure using multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with having more than 1 procedure. Read More

Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2018 Aug;53(8):522-527

Department of Fetal Medicine, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511440, China.

To investigate the effect of intrauterine intervention on severe primary fetal hydrothorax. Twelve cases with severe fetal primary hydrothorax who underwent prenatal intervention from January 2014 to December 2017 in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The median gestational age of prenatal diagnosis was 30. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2018 09;132(3):708-716

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Objective: To quantify the rising prevalence of maternal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Ohio during the peak of the opioid epidemic and to identify maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes associated with maternal HCV infection.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all live births in Ohio (2006-2015). Frequency of maternal HCV infection as reported on birth certificates was compared across each year of the study period. Read More

Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2018 ;46(2):93-115

Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology.

The decision-making process for estimating the optimal dosage is critical in clinical settings. In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), preterm neonates suffering from apnea of prematurity, optimum drug dosage can make a difference between life and death. To improve clinical decision making in the NICU, we have developed prediction models using machine learning algorithms. Read More

Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018 Jun 7;15:50-54. Epub 2018 Feb 7.

Department of Medical Genetics, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease (IOPD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism resulting from deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase acid α-glucosidase encoded by gene. Affected infants present before the age of 12 months with hypotonia, muscle weakness, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to improve survival, cardiac mass, and motor skills. Read More

J Perinatol 2018 09 18;38(9):1235-1241. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Informática de sistemas (Computer Systems), Madrid, Spain.

Objective: To characterize the neural breathing pattern in preterm infants supported with non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA).

Study Design: Single-center prospective observational study. The electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) was periodically recorded in 30-second series with the Edi catheter and the Servo-n software (Maquet, Solna, Sweden) in preterm infants supported with NIV-NAVA. Read More

J Clin Monit Comput 2019 06 6;33(3):545-546. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK.

Am J Perinatol 2018 12 31;35(14):1376-1387. Epub 2018 May 31.

Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.

Objective: This article aimed to identify readmission risk factors through 2 years of life for infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who do not require tracheostomy and ventilatory support after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. It also aimed to identify if clinical differences exist between the subcategories of severe BPD.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on 182 infants with severe BPD born between 2010 and 2015. Read More

Neonatology 2018 25;114(2):112-123. Epub 2018 May 25.

Department of Neonatology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Background: Neonatal resuscitation (NR) combines a set of life-saving interventions in order to stabilize compromised newborns at birth or when critically ill. Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF), as an international medical-humanitarian organization working particularly in low-resource settings (LRS), assisted over 250,000 births in obstetric and newborn care aid projects in 2016 and provides thousands of newborn resuscitations annually. The Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) program has been used as formal guidance for basic resuscitation since 2012. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2018 05 23;18(1):172. Epub 2018 May 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.

Background: To investigate the trends in the incidence and associated factors of late-onset sepsis (LOS) associated with improved survival in extremely preterm infants.

Methods: Medical records of 364 infants who were born at 23-26 weeks' gestation from 2000 to 2005 (period I, n = 124) and from 2006 to 2011 (period II, n = 240) were retrospectively reviewed. The infants were stratified into subgroups of 23-24 and 25-26 weeks' gestation within each period, and survival, LOS rate, and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 07 25;198:168-173.e2. Epub 2018 Apr 25.

Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Neonatal Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Objective: To assess associations between epigenetic maturity of extremely preterm babies (born at less than 28 weeks of gestation), neonatal interventions, and respiratory outcomes, including the administration of surfactant and postnatal corticosteroids, duration of assisted ventilation, and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: DNA was extracted from neonatal blood spots collected after birth from 143 extremely preterm infants born 1991-1992 in Victoria, Australia and used to determined DNA methylation (DNAm). A DNAm based gestational age was determined using our previously published method. Read More

Radiol Med 2018 Aug 22;123(8):577-585. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Department of Pediatric Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.

Diffuse lung disease in infancy includes a wide range of very rare and peculiar pulmonary conditions usually not seen in older children, in whom diffuse lung disease has much greater overlap with adult disorders. The acronym chILD (childhood Interstitial Lung Disease) commonly defines these disorders, although air spaces, airways, alveolar epithelium, vasculature, pleura, and pleural spaces can also be involved, besides the pulmonary interstitium. chILD can be caused by diffuse developmental disorders, alveolar growth abnormalities, surfactant dysfunction disorders, and other specific conditions of poorly understood etiology. Read More

J Perinat Med 2018 Oct;46(8):905-912

Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Objective To examine the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and neonatal respiratory-related outcomes among women who underwent an elective cesarean section (CS). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s 2009-2013 period linked birth/infant death dataset. Women who had elective CSs at term were categorized by their pre-pregnancy BMI as normal, overweight, obese or morbidly obese. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2018 Mar;20(3):174-177

Teaching and Research Section of Pediatrics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, China.

Objective: To study the risk factors for elevated serum total bile acid (TBA) in preterm infants.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 216 preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. According to the presence or absence of elevated TBA (TBA >24. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Mar 8;3:CD012491. Epub 2018 Mar 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Middlemore Hospital/CMDHB, Auckland, New Zealand.

Background: Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided during DCC compared with no respiratory support during placental transfusion (in the form of DCC, milking, or stripping) in preterm infants immediately after delivery. Read More

Chest 2018 10 9;154(4):948-962. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address:

Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) is present when the flow cannot rise despite an increase in the expiratory driving pressure. The mechanisms of EFL are debated but are believed to be related to the collapsibility of small airways. In patients who are mechanically ventilated, EFL can exist during tidal ventilation, representing an extreme situation in which lung volume cannot decrease, regardless of the expiratory driving forces. Read More

Thorax 2018 08 30;73(8):788-790. Epub 2018 Jan 30.

Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.