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Front Pediatr 2022 18;10:863165. Epub 2022 May 18.

Albany Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Albany, NY, United States.

Background: Research on the effects of maternal obesity on neonates has focused on clinical outcomes. Despite growing interest in obesity as a driver of healthcare expenditure, the financial impact of maternal obesity in the neonatal setting is little understood.

Objective: To determine if maternal obesity is associated with higher incurred costs in NICU and full-term nursery. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2022 May 2;5(5):e2212702. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Importance: The Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) trial demonstrated a 20% reduction in the risk of respiratory complications in neonates at risk for a late-preterm birth who were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids compared with those who were not.

Objective: To assess whether new evidence of steroid administration for neonatal respiratory benefit in the late-preterm period is associated with changes in obstetric practice and the use of assisted ventilation for the neonate after delivery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study of US births from February 1, 2015, to October 31, 2017, as ascertained from US natality data, included live-born, singleton neonates born between 34 and 36 completed weeks of gestation to people without pregestational diabetes. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022 Apr 30;22(1):375. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AVAG/Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Objective: To identify neonatal risk for severe adverse perinatal outcomes across birth weight centiles in two Dutch and one international birth weight chart.

Background: Growth restricted newborns have not reached their intrinsic growth potential in utero and are at risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is no golden standard for the confirmation of the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction after birth. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2022 04 2;22(1):174. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.

Background: Although many studies have described an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in duct dependent congenital heart diseases, very few have investigated its occurrence in full-term infants with duct dependent congenital heart diseases.

Methods: To evaluate the characteristics and risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis, we performed a retrospective review of 355 full-term infants with duct dependent congenital heart diseases who received prostaglandin E therapy from April 2000 to May 2020.

Results: Necrotizing enterocolitis was observed in 10 patients (3. Read More

J Multidiscip Healthc 2022 8;15:455-469. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare genetic disorder affecting respiratory control and autonomic nervous system function caused by variants in the paired-like homeobox 2B () gene. Although most patients are diagnosed in the newborn period, an increasing number of patients are presenting later in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Despite hypoxemia and hypercapnia, patients do not manifest clinical features of respiratory distress during sleep and wakefulness. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2022 Mar;24(3):240-248

Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China).

Objectives: To explore the optimal maintenance dose of caffeine citrate for preterm infants requiring assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 566 preterm infants (gestational age ≤34 weeks) who were treated and required assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of 30 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province of China between January 1 and December 31, 2019. The 405 preterm infants receiving high-dose (10 mg/kg per day) caffeine citrate after a loading dose of 20 mg/kg within 24 hours after birth were enrolled as the high-dose group. Read More

J Adolesc Health 2022 06 11;70(6):922-927. Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital - Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive assessment of maternal and neonatal complications associated with teen pregnancies in the United States.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention natality live births database (2016-2019). Singleton births to women younger than 35 years from the following racial/ethnic groups were included: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 05 6;226(5):716.e1-716.e12. Epub 2022 Feb 6.

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.

Background: The ARRIVE trial demonstrated the benefit of induction of labor at 39 weeks gestation. Obstetrics departments across the United States faced the challenge of adapting clinical practice in light of these data while managing logistical constraints.

Objective: To determine if there were changes in obstetrical practices and perinatal outcomes in the United States after the ARRIVE trial publication. Read More

Prehosp Emerg Care 2022 ;26(sup1):118-128

Devices and techniques such as bag-valve-mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation, supraglottic airway devices, and noninvasive ventilation offer important tools for airway management in critically ill EMS patients. Over the past decade the tools, technology, and strategies used to assess and manage pediatric respiratory and airway emergencies have evolved, and evidence regarding their use continues to grow.NAEMSP recommends:Methods and tools used to properly size pediatric equipment for ages ranging from newborns to adolescents should be available to all EMS clinicians. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2021 12 1;4(12):e2141498. Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences , Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Importance: The associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) with infant morbidity and mortality are unclear, and the existing recommendations for GWG have not been stratified by the severity of obesity.

Objectives: To identify optimal GWG ranges associated with reduced risks of infant morbidity and mortality across maternal body mass index (BMI) categories.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used US nationwide, linked birth and infant death data between 2011 and 2015 to assess the associations of GWG in 2. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Dec;100(50):e28201

Department of Pediatrics, the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China.

Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) refers to the symptoms of progressive dyspnea and respiratory failure in newborns shortly after birth. The clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with neonatal RDS have not been extensively reported.

Patient Concerns: A infant was in critical condition with repeated paroxysmal blood oxygen decline. Read More

Skinmed 2021 1;19(5):392-394. Epub 2021 Oct 1.

Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

A boy weighing 4500 g was born at 41 weeks' gestation by Cesarean section due to fetal distress. The pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes. He had an Apgar score of 5 and 6 after 5 and 10 minutes, respectively. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022 Jan 8;268:12-17. Epub 2021 Nov 8.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Objective: To compare the maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes among individuals with one or two prior cesarean deliveries who are induced at 39 weeks gestational age versus those that are expectantly managed.

Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study using U.S. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2022 02 25;57(2):455-469. Epub 2021 Nov 25.

Department of Emergency, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Objective: To address the effectiveness and safety of early airway combined utilization of budesonide and surfactant for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) prevention in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Methods: Literature retrieval was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CQ VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, searching from the inception to September 2021. Stata 16. Read More

J Child Neurol 2021 10 22;36(12):1095-1102. Epub 2021 Oct 22.

6927University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

In this retrospective cohort study, we characterize the health profile of preterm males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Major clinical milestones (ambulation cessation, assisted ventilation use, and onset of left ventricular dysfunction) and corticosteroids use in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy identified through a population-based surveillance system were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards modeling. The adjusted risk of receiving any respiratory intervention among preterm males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was 87% higher than among the corresponding full-term males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Read More

Andes Pediatr 2021 Aug;92(4):590-595

Hospital de Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile.

Introduction: Acquired pulmonary bullous emphysema is an infrequent complication of assisted ventilation in the premature infant that is difficult to manage.

Objective: The goal of this report is to present the case of a premature infant who required selective bronchial intubation as well as to provide a review of the current literature on the subject.

Clinical Case: The patient is a 27-week gestational age neonatal female patient whose clinical course was complicated by left unilateral bullous emphysema during assisted ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome. Read More

Can J Vet Res 2021 Oct;85(4):251-260

Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.

Neonatal foals may require prolonged sedation to permit ventilatory support in the first few days of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cardiopulmonary effects and clinical recovery characteristics of 2 sedative/analgesia protocols in healthy foals receiving assisted ventilation. Foals were randomized to receive dexmedetomidine, butorphanol, and propofol (DBP) or midazolam, butorphanol, and propofol (MBP) during a 24-hour period. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Oct;100(39):e27387

Guangzhou Sagene Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.

Rationale: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and is the leading infectious cause of death. The incidence of TB, especially active TB, is increased in pregnant and postpartum women. Newborns can be infected with TB from their mothers through several routes. Read More

BJOG 2022 Mar 6;129(4):627-635. Epub 2021 Oct 6.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Objective: To examine the association between county-level caesarean delivery (CD) rates among women at low risk and morbidity among term newborns.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Population-based study of US county-level birth data from 2015 to 2017. Read More

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021 Jul 1;59(238):608-610. Epub 2021 Jul 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.

A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and chest wall. Although this condition commonly occurs in adults, it can also present as complication in neonates requiring assisted ventilation and has high morbidity and mortality. Chest tube placement and needle drainage are some common approaches in management. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Invest 2021 31;86(4):361-369. Epub 2021 Aug 31.

Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fuzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the levels of stress biomarkers in cord blood and pre-eclampsia (PE) in a hospital-based population of pregnant patients and evaluate the effects on pregnancy outcomes.

Design: This was an observational, case-control study. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: This case-control study included 282 patients with severe PE and 534 women with normal pregnancy. Read More

Ann Med 2021 12;53(1):1455-1463

University Regional Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania.

Background: Absent end-diastolic flow (AEDF) in the umbilical artery (UA) worsens the already poor prognosis of growth-restricted fetuses (GRFs) in pregnancies complicated by early-onset preeclampsia with severe features (ESP).

Method: We assessed the correlation between the effect of maternal dexamethasone (Dex) on AEDF in the UA and perinatal outcomes, in 59 GRFs from EPS-complicated pregnancies. The maternal outcome was also evaluated. Read More

Semin Perinatol 2021 12 21;45(8):151476. Epub 2021 Aug 21.

University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Neonatal intensive care for infants born extremely preterm (<28 weeks' gestation) has changed dramatically over the past 60-70 years. From little care being available and few infants surviving in the first half of the 20th century, more intensive care and rapidly increasing survival rates followed in the second half, and have continued to rise into the 21st century. However, mistakes were made along the way. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2021 10 11;56(10):3273-3282. Epub 2021 Aug 11.

Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Objective: Investigate the cardiorespiratory effects of noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA), nonsynchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) shortly after extubation.

Hypothesis: Types of noninvasive pressure support and the presence of synchronization may affect cardiorespiratory parameters.

Study Design: Randomized crossover trial. Read More

Rev Paul Pediatr 2021 30;40:e2020252. Epub 2021 Jul 30.

Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Objective: To evaluate the cognitive and academic profile of preterm newborns at school age and to determine the factors related to prematurity and sociodemographic profile that influence these results.

Methods: Patients aged 6-14 years old that were assisted in the preterm follow-up clinic were recruited. The cognitive, academic, and neurological capacities were accessed through a detailed evaluation with a child neurologist, a neuropsychologist and a psychopedagogue. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2021 09 15;56(9):2893-2902. Epub 2021 Jul 15.

Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Background: To evaluate digital tracheal intubation (DTI) when compared to laryngoscope-assisted TI; finger palpation of endotracheal tube (ETT) tip position when compared to any standard method.

Design: A systematic review of Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL with synthesis of data using meta-analysis was performed.

Main Outcome Measure: The proportion of successful TI and correct ETT tip positioning were the main outcome measures. Read More

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021 Oct 20;100(10):1893-1901. Epub 2021 Jul 20.

Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.

Introduction: Post-date pregnancies have an increased risk of adverse delivery outcome. Our aim was to explore the association between placenta-associated circulating biomarkers and composite adverse delivery outcome of a likely placental cause in clinically healthy post-date pregnancies.

Material And Methods: Women with healthy singleton post-date pregnancies between 40 and 42  weeks of gestation were recruited to this prospective, observational study conducted at Oslo University Hospital, Norway (NCT03100084). Read More

Trials 2021 Jun 14;22(1):392. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been recommended as the best respiratory support for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, the best NIV technique to be used as first intention in RDS management has not yet been established. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) may be synchronized (SNIPPV) or non-synchronized to the infant's breathing efforts. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 Jul 15;262:129-133. Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.

Objective: To compare the neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes among women with cerclage and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) < versus > 30 kg/m STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study utilized the U.S. Vital Statistics Datasets from 2011-2013. Read More

Fertil Steril 2021 09 12;116(3):731-740. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro.Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the perinatal and maternal outcomes of pregnancies in women infected with SARS-CoV-2, comparing spontaneous and in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies (with either own or donor oocytes).

Design: Multicenter, prospective, observational study.

Setting: 78 centers participating in the Spanish COVID19 Registry. Read More