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Neuroradiology 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of acceleration-selective arterial spin labeling (AccASL) MR angiography in the visualization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with brain AVM (mean age 31.1 ± 18. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Baptist Neurological Institute Lyerly Neurosurgery Department of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery Jacksonville, Florida USA.

Introduction: Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are an uncommon pathology, and a sphenoparietal drainage pattern is certainly rare. We present a case of a de novo sphenoparietal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) in a pre-pubsecent pediatric patient previously treated for a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM) 10 years before.

Case Description: A 10 year old male presented with worsening headaches for the past few weeks, swelling of the right side of face and eye, chemosis and proptosis of the right eye. Read More

Cureus 2019 Feb 5;11(2):e4022. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the spine include a broad spectrum of lesions that vary from a simple arteriovenous fistulous connection to a more complex net of abnormal vessels involving multiple spinal levels. These entities are poorly studied and understood because of their rarity and are often either managed conservatively with observation if the lesion is complex, or treated surgically or interventionally in the presence of an accessible and distinct fistulous connection. Most surgeons avoid intervening on more intricate lesions until they become symptomatic with progressive neurological decline. Read More

Stroke Res Treat 2019 17;2019:7292304. Epub 2019 Mar 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.

Intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography is widely used in patients undergoing neurosurgery. FLOW800 is a recently developed analytical tool for ICG videoangiography to assess semi-quantitative flow dynamics; however, its efficacy is unknown. In this study, we evaluated its functionality in the assessment of flow dynamics of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) through ICG videoangiography under clinical settings. Read More

Presse Med 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Université François-Rabelais de Tours, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, service de neuroradiologie interventionnelle, 37000 Tours, France; Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, centre de référence des maladies rares de la peau et des muqueuses d'origine génétique (MAGEC), 37000 Tours, France.

Beta-blockers are efficient for treating complicated infantile hemangiomas; propranolol is currently the first-line treatment. Superficial vascular malformations have to be managed by multidisciplinary teams. T2 FAT-SAT MRI is the most interesting sequence to explore superficial vascular malformations. Read More

J Heart Lung Transplant 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: In this study we sought to evaluate risk factors (RFs) for death or heart transplantation (D-HT) in single-ventricle (SV) physiology due to tricuspid atresia (TA), pulmonary atresia‒intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS), and heterotaxy with SV (HX), clinical conditions for which outcome data are limited.

Methods: To conduct a systematic review, we included citations that evaluated occurrence of D-HT in SV physiology of TA, PA-IVS, and HX in English articles published between January 1998 and December 2017 based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies-Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomized studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston, Texas, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Advances in acute and long-term post-stroke care have resulted in improved survival and functional outcomes for patients who have suffered large vessel ischemic strokes. For years, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was the mainstay of treatment for acute stroke. Its use was previously limited to patients without known comorbid intracranial vascular pathology due to concern for bleeding risk. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2019 Feb;8(2):763-765

Department of Medicine, Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital and LHMC, New Delhi, India.

We report a case of hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with persistent daytime hypoxemia. Cause of hypoxemia was two arteriovenous (AV) malformations in the lower lobe of the lung. We must be alert to other causes of hypoxemia in patients of OSA with persistent daytime hypoxemia. Read More

Ochsner J 2019 ;19(1):54-58

Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.

Intraventricular lesions present a surgical challenge because of the complexity of the ventricular anatomy, various perforating arteries, and eloquent brain areas surrounding the system. The ventricular atrium is particularly challenging because of the cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum, optic pathways, and significant vascular structures. We present the case of a patient for whom we used a new surgical approach to reach a lesion in the ventricular atrium. Read More

Pediatr Cardiol 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Division of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045-2560, USA.

We report a case of a 23-year-old male with failing Fontan circulation who was taken to the catheterization lab to better evaluate the Fontan circulation and hemodynamics. Catheterization revealed arteriovenous malformations exclusively present in the right lung leading to the consideration of placing stents to direct the inferior vena cava flow through the Fontan circuit to the right pulmonary artery (RPA), thus increasing the RPA concentration of the hepatic factor. However, comprehensive 4D-Flow MRI analyses indicated sufficient distribution of the hepatic flow between branch pulmonary arteries, and consequently no further invasive intervention to redirect hepatic flow was performed. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Division of Vascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVFs) are abnormal vascular connections between arteries and the cranial venous system on the surface of the brain in the pia mater. Unlike vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM), they lack a true vascular nidus, and may only indirectly involve the vein of Galen. We describe a case of a pAVF with a presentation resembling a VGAM and discuss the importance of considering a pAVF as a possible differential diagnosis to a VGAM when the vein of Galen is dilated. Read More

Neurosurg Rev 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Although brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) account for a very small proportion of cerebral pathologies in the pediatric population, they are the cause of roughly 50% of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages. Pediatric bAVMs tend to rupture more frequently and seem to have higher recurrence rates than bAVMs in adults. Thus, the management of pediatric bAVMs is particularly challenging. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

A 70-year-old gentleman with history of hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and right superior cerebellar aneurysm presented to the neurosurgery service in 2008 with vertigo. Diagnostic cerebral angiography performed that year demonstrated a vermian arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The patient underwent stereotactic proton beam radiosurgery, which resulted in a decrease in flow and size of the lesion, and the patient was lost to follow-up. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario «Dr. José E. González», Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Electronic address:

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1 case per 10,000 population. Its clinical manifestations are the result of arteriovenous malformations characterized by telangiectases that can affect the skin, mucous membranes, and solid organs and cause life-threatening conditions, such as liver disease, systemic emboli, and heart failure. Timely diagnosis is thus essential in order to prevent disease-related complications and offer genetic counseling to families. Read More

J Am Coll Cardiol 2019 Apr;73(14):1769-1778

Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

Background: Angiotensin II receptor activation may result in angiogenesis, and ultimately arteriovenous malformations (AVM), through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and angiopoietin-2 pathway activation.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) were associated with lower risk of major gastrointestinal bleeds (GIB) and AVM-related GIBs in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) patients.

Methods: The authors reviewed HeartMate II CF-LVAD recipients between January 2009 and July 2016. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, Rennes University Hospital, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux 35033 Rennes, Cedex 9, France; Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France.

Objective: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are rare vascular spinal malformations. According to the literature, surgery seems to result in better occlusion rates than endovascular treatment. However, the post-treatment evolution of neurological symptoms depending on the treatment remains unknown. Read More

PLoS One 2019 11;14(4):e0215178. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is marked by arteriovenous fusion comprising hepatic vascular malformations (HVaMs) with the chance of bleeding.

Aims: We investigated HVaMs in HHT patients by combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with perfusion imaging quantification to be able to sub-classify a high risk cohort of asymptomatic HHT patients.

Methods: The imaging characteristics on CEUS in 34 patients (aged 21-84 years; mean 58. Read More

ASAIO J 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

From the Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

The number of patients on destination therapy is increasing as long-term survival on continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) therapy has improved. Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common complication after CF-LVAD implantation, and its risk correlates with longer support time, emphasizing the importance of GIB management. The lower pulsatility of CF-LVADs may promote arteriovenous malformations, that amplify the bleeding risk. Read More

Clin Neuroradiol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.

Purpose: N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue is a valuable liquid embolic agent for the endovascular treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM). The use of NBCA carries a risk of embolic agent reflux and distal migration with ensuing possibility of venous drainage compromise. The aim of this technical note is to describe a single center case series of high-flow intranidal fistulas embolized though a dual lumen balloon under local flow-arrest conditions. Read More

BMJ Open Respir Res 2019 1;6(1):e000351. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

NHLI Vascular Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Introduction: Assessment of performance status is an important component of clinical management of patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). Usual methods are time-consuming and insensitive to variations within normal or supranormal exercise capacity.

Methods: The Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) was modified to facilitate completion by patients independently. Read More

BMC Surg 2019 Apr 5;19(1):35. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 920-8641, Japan.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital vascular lesions associated with early quiescence, late expansion, and, ultimately, infiltration and destruction of local soft tissue and bone. The extremities are a common location. Incidence of bony involvement by AVM has been reported as high as 31%. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 04 5:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and

Objective: Large experiences with the treatment of pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remain relatively rare, with limited data on presentation, treatment, and long-term functional outcomes. Because of the expected long lifespan of children, caregivers are especially interested in outcome measures that assess quality of life. The authors’ intention was to describe the long-term functional outcomes of pediatric patients who undergo AVM surgery and to identify predictors of sustained neurological deficits. Read More

Cureus 2018 Sep 14;10(9):e3305. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Internal Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is described as a vascular defect, causing recurrent visceral and mucocutaneous bleeding. It is an autosomal dominant disease and has variable expressivity. The phenotypic presentation is dependent on the type of gene defect. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019 Apr;40(4):675-680

Departments of Radiology (C.-B.L., W.-Y.G., H.-M.W., M.M.H.T.).

Background And Purpose: The natural history of flow-related aneurysms after obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformations is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the angioarchitecture and morphologic change in flow-related aneurysms after gamma knife surgery of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Materials And Methods: During a 12-year period, 823 patients with brain arteriovenous malformations underwent gamma knife surgery at our institution with complete peritherapeutic angiographic evaluation. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address:

Objective: Hydrocephalus is an uncommon presentation of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The goal of this case series and literature review is to present possible pathological mechanisms, management strategies and outcomes in patients with hydrocephalus due to unruptured AVMs.

Methods: Three consecutive patients with hydrocephalus caused by unruptured AVMs as well as all cases previously reported in the literature were retrospectively reviewed to determine clinical symptoms, AVM location, nidus size, venous drainage, mechanism of hydrocephalus, level/cause of obstruction, and degree of hydrocephalus. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Apr;98(14):e15026

Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Rationale: Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are vascular disorders depicted with direct interconnection between dural arteries and cerebral venous sinuses and/or cortical veins. Only a hand full of cases have been reported in literature. DAVF obstructing the 3rd ventricle and quadrigeminal cistern resulting in hydrocephalus is very rare. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Apr;46(Suppl_2):V7

Posterior fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are rare vascular malformations. They carry a significant risk of hemorrhage if associated with cortical venous reflux. A 70-year-old man presented with right-sided medullary hemorrhage with pronounced Wallenberg syndrome. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Apr;46(Suppl_2):V1

Dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVFs) are vascular anomalies formed by abnormal connections between branches of dural arteries and dural veins or dural venous sinus(es). These pathologic shunts constitute 10%-15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. The hallmark of malignant dAVFs is the presence of cortical venous drainage, a finding that increases the likelihood of nonhemorrhagic neurologic deficit, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality if left unaddressed. Read More

JAMA 2019 Apr;321(13):1295-1303

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Importance: Although spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) accounts for less than 20% of cases of stroke, it continues to be associated with the highest mortality of all forms of stroke and substantial morbidity rates.

Observations: Early identification and management of IPH is crucial. Blood pressure control, reversal of associated coagulopathy, care in a dedicated stroke unit, and identification of secondary etiologies are essential to optimizing outcomes. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Mar 29. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare cause for ischemic stroke. British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement considered insufficient evidence of safety or clinical benefit to recommend thrombolysis for stroke with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. For pulmonary arteriovenous malformations with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, bleeding risk after thrombolysis is high, while for isolate pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, bleeding risk is much lower. Read More

Psychol Health 2019 Mar 31:1-20. Epub 2019 Mar 31.

a Genomic Medicine , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Victoria, Australia.

Objective: Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic condition causing frequent nose bleeds, skin lesions (telangiectasia) and arteriovenous malformations. Approximately, 50% of people experience life-threatening HHT symptoms including haemorrhages in the brain, lungs and liver. This study aimed to gain a qualitative understanding of the psychosocial impact of HHT over time. Read More

J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019 Mar 28. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transvenous coil embolization of the venous sac for type II renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 8 patients (5 women and 3 men; mean age, 57 years; age range, 41-69 years) who underwent transvenous coil embolization for type II congenital renal AVM at 5 different hospitals between 2012 and 2018. Additional intra-arterial ethanol injection was performed if shunt flow persisted after venous sac coiling. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2019 Mar 28;5(1):48. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachiojishi, Tokyo, 193-0998, Japan.

Background: Pancreatic vascular malformation causes epigastric pain, pancreatitis, portal vein hypertension, bleeding, and rupture. It is a rare disease, with most pancreatic vascular malformations being arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and the other types of malformations being rare. We report a case of capillary lymphatic malformation (CLM) in the pancreatic uncinate process. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.

Objective: Long-term data about the incidence of late adverse radiation effects (AREs) in pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) are lacking. This study addresses the incidence of late AREs, including cyst formation (CF), chronic encapsulated hematoma (CEH), and radiation-induced tumor, in pediatric patients with AVM treated with GKRS.

Methods: This is a single-institutional study involving pediatric patients with AVM who underwent GKRS between 1991 and 2014. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan.

Objective: Little is known about long-term outcomes for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). This study investigated annual hemorrhage rates and nidus obliteration rates, and the factors affecting them, in pediatric AVMs treated with GKRS.

Methods: We examined 189 pediatric AVM patients (age ≤15 years) who underwent GKRS and had at least 12 months of follow-up. Read More

Cancer Radiother 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpital Tenon, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Sorbonne université, 21, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.

A review of the literature has been conducted to better understand the effect of stereotactic radiotherapy on tumour vascularization and their consequences. High irradiation doses cause the death of endothelial cells by apoptosis through the ceramide pathway. Vascular consequences are multiple: increased permeability, decreased blood flow, increased hypoxia and tumoral necrosis. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Conn. Electronic address:

Vascular anomalies are typically classified into two major categories, vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Most vascular malformations are caused sporadically by somatic mosaic gene mutations, and genetic analyses have advanced our understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis. Culprit gene mutations typically involve two major signaling pathways; the RAS/MAPK/ERK pathway is typically involved in fast-flow arteriovenous malformations, whereas the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is typically mutated in slow-flow venous and lymphatic malformations. Read More

Interv Neuroradiol 2019 Mar 28:1591019919828135. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

1 University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

Background: Metameric spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare lesions characterized by an intradural and extradural component. They are difficult to treat surgically by the endovascular route. We report a case in which symptomatic relief was achieved by embolization of the extradural component only. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(13):e14678

Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Rationale: Intermuscular hemangioma (IH) usually occurs in the muscles of the limbs and trunk, but can rarely occur in the occipital region. IH in the occipital region is easily misdiagnosed as arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Patient Concerns: A 31-year-old woman had a right occipital mass for 5 months without pulsation. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Mar 9. Epub 2019 Mar 9.

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are basically abnormal vessel networks consisting of one or more feeding arteries, central nidus, and dilated drainage veins. They are divided into subtypes as fistulose, mixed (fistulose-plexiform), or plexiform. Intraventricular location of AVMs is unusual. Read More

J Nippon Med Sch 2019 ;86(1):48-54

Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital.

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with perimedullary venous drainage may cause brainstem swelling and represent a diagnostic challenge. A 66-year-old man presented to the emergency room with recurrent vertigo, minimal truncal ataxia with a wide-based gait, and a slightly impaired tandem gait. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a hyperintense lesion in the left pontomedullary area on T2-weighted images (T2WIs) with partial gadolinium enhancement, but without increased signals on diffusion-weighted images. Read More

Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019 Mar 22;6(3):508-514. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Neurologist at the Institute of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York.

Objective: To assess the relationship of the grade of unruptured and untreated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs), with the risk of subsequent stroke and death during follow-up.

Methods: This prospective study was drawn from a cohort of adult patients with unruptured AVMs, who participated in the conservative treatment arm (medical management only for headache or seizures) of the randomized clinical trial of unruptured brain AVMs (ARUBA study). The grade of AVMs (Spetzler-Martin scale) was dichotomized into categories: AVMs of grades I and II were considered low grade; AVMs of grades III and IV were considered high grade. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high flow vascular anomalies that are difficult to manage given their high recurrence rate. At this time, the optimal treatment of AVMs involves embolization and surgical resection. However, few studies have examined patient outcomes after a delayed surgical resection approach. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2019 Apr;69(4):1207-1218

Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the complication rate and treatment outcomes of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) during a 20-year period.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 306 patients (135 men, 171 women; mean age, 30.8 years) with body and extremity AVMs who were treated between 1996 and 2017. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are pathologic tangles of intracerebral vessels. The treatment of AVMs aims to reduce the risk of devastating intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) can be used to treat large lesions and reduce the risk of radiation toxicity to the surrounding structures. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are vascular malformations composed of tangles of abnormally developed vasculature without capillaries. Abnormal shunting of arteries and veins is formed, resulting in high-pressure vascular channels, which potentially lead to rupture. BAVMs are generally considered a congenital disorder. Read More

Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2019;83(1):83-89

Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Epileptic seizures are some of the most frequent manifestations of cerebral AVMs in children. Poor control of seizures can significantly affect patients' quality of life. In this case, factors that are associated with the development of seizures and affect the efficacy of their control upon treatment of cerebral AVMs are not well understood. Read More

BMC Neurol 2019 Mar 21;19(1):43. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is an uncommon subtype among the intracranial arteriovenous malformations, which is characterized by pathological anastomoses between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses, meningeal veins, or cortical veins. While intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for most of the hemorrhagic cases in patients with DAVF, isolated subdural hematoma (SDH) is rarely reported.

Case Presentation: A 45-year-old man was admitted for a progressively worsening headache over 2 weeks. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2019 May 20;80(3):187-197. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, Koto Kinen Byoin, Higashiomi, Shiga, Japan.

Background:  A wide variety of radiologic changes occur within and adjacent to the nidus of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Our objective was to study the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-defined changes following photon radiosurgery of AVMs and specifically to correlate the appearance of a perinidal T2 hyperintensity signal with the eventual angiographic obliteration of an AVM nidus in response to SRS treatment.

Material And Methods:  This retrospective study was conducted on 62 patients with brain AVMs who received photon SRS treatments between 2004 and 2017, using either a technique based on a linear accelerator at the Alexandria LINAC Radiosurgery Center in Egypt (21 patients/AVMs) or a technique based on a gamma unit at the Koto Memorial Gamma Knife Center in Japan (41 patients/AVMs). Read More

Br J Radiol 2019 Apr 24:20180752. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

2 Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK.

Objective: To examine the MRI safety of metallic coils and Amplatzer vascular plugs. Currently, concern regarding MR safety of devices used to treat pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) causes delays in performing emergency MRI in patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms.

Methods: A retrospective audit was performed on all patients who underwent PAVM embolization at Hammersmith Hospital, London UK between 1984 and 2017. Read More