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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019 ;119(1):64-68

Sechenov's First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To determine the main causes and pathomorphological characteristic of extra- and intracranial vessel pathological changes in young adults in the aspect of sudden death (SD).

Material And Methods: The authors investigated 10485 SD cases in young adults in the period from 2012 to 2016 (5 years) according to Moscow coroner bureau autopsy data. Morphological, chemical, histological, histochemical methods (staining with hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson's stain, Masson's trichrome stain) were used. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Departments of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To explore predictors of epilepsy presentation in unruptured bAVMs with quantitative evaluation of location and radiomics features on T2 weighted imaging.

Methods: This retrospective study identified 117 patients with unruptured bAVMs. Cases were randomly split into training (n=90) and test dataset (n=27). Read More

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018 Sep 20. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

University of Parma, Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery (Head: Prof. Enrico Sesenna), Italy.

Vascular malformations are often found inside the orbit. Isolated venous malformations (frequently misnamed as cavernous hemangiomas) are the most frequent among these. However, also lymphatic and arteriovenous malformations can affect the orbit. Read More

J Med Vasc 2019 Feb 12;44(1):76-78. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Service de médecine interne, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome is a rare systemic fibrovascular dysplasia, recognized by mucocutaneous telangiectasias, arteriovenous malformations, epistaxis and family history. Venous thromboembolic disease is a poor prognostic factor in this disease given the risk of increased bleeding caused by anticoagulant therapy. We report a new case of a 56-year-old patient with Osler disease who developed recurrent thromboembolic venous disease when anticoagulants were discontinued. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Objective: We reviewed retrospectively the perioperative treatment of microsurgically resected brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) at the neurosurgical department of Helsinki University Hospital between the years 2006 and 2014. We examined the performance of the treatment protocol and the incidence of delayed postoperative hemorrhage (DPH).

Methods: The Helsinki protocol for postoperative treatment of bAVMs was used for the whole patient cohort of 121. Read More

Interv Neuroradiol 2019 Feb 14:1591019918824796. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK.

Ruptured arteriovenous malformations are a frequently encountered pathology with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Identifying and securing the rupture point is mandatory; however, this can often be difficult. Black blood vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging is a promising technique for identifying ruptured saccular aneurysms and has been used in cases of multiple aneurysms. Read More

Gene 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Molecular Medicine Department, General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Electronic address:

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular rare disease characterized by nose and gastrointestinal bleeding, skin and mucosa telangiectasias, and arteriovenous malformations in internal organs. HHT shows an autosomal dominant inheritance and a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1:5000 individuals. In >80% of patients, HHT is caused by mutations in either ENG (HHT1) or ACVRL1 (HHT2) genes, which code for the membrane proteins Endoglin and Activin A Receptor Type II-Like Kinase 1 (ALK1), respectively, both belonging to the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2019 30;6:10. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Endoglin (ENG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells that functions as a co-receptor for several ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family. ENG is also a recognized marker of angiogenesis and mutations in the endoglin gene are responsible for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) type 1, a vascular disease characterized by defective angiogenesis, arteriovenous malformations, telangiectasia, and epistaxis. In addition to its involvement in the TGF-β family signaling pathways, several lines of evidence suggest that the extracellular domain of ENG has a role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion via its RGD motif. Read More

Genet Med 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Purpose: EPHB4 variants were recently reported to cause capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation 2 (CM-AVM2). CM-AVM2 mimics RASA1-related CM-AVM1 and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), as clinical features include capillary malformations (CMs), telangiectasia, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Epistaxis, another clinical feature that overlaps with HHT, was reported in several cases. Read More

J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2019 Mar;24(1):89-92

† Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Mexico City, Mexico.

Parkes Weber Syndrome (PWS) is a congenital disorder characterized by the presence of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in upper or lower extremities. We herein present a 35 year-old male with PWS with complex AVMs in the right upper extremity; he had been previously treated with multiple sessions of vessel embolization, sclerotherapy and AVM resections. The patient presented to our clinic with two month history of progressive hand ischemia, digit necrosis and infection. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2018 28;5(11):000961. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Meio Tejo, EPE, Tomar, Portugal.

Non-traumatic haematomyelia is a rare finding of acute onset, which in most cases is the result of arteriovenous malformations (AVM), tumours, coagulation disorders or autoimmune conditions, but may also be secondary to treatment with anticoagulants and radiotherapy. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with sudden onset cervical pain, followed by asymmetric diminution of strength in the upper limbs with reduced pain sensitivity. The diagnosis of AVM at the C7 and D1 levels was made following cervico-dorsal magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. Read More

J Vasc Interv Neurol 2018 Nov;10(2):47-51

Purpose: Head and neck arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and fistulae treatment without reflux and with nidal penetration are challenging. We describe a case series including adult and pediatric patients utilizing a specific two-microcatheter technique using Onyx with strategic embolization of small feeding branches prior to dominant branch embolization. We aim to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this technique. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 11;19(1):48. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No 324, Jingwu Road, Huaiyin Zone, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.

Background: Painful ophthalmoplegia can be caused by various etiologies, and broad differential diagnosis is needed. Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare cause of painful ophthalmoplegia, and early diagnosis is quite difficult.

Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of paroxysmal painful ophthalmoplegia caused by CCF. Read More

Circulation 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.

Background: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder caused by heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in four TGFβ pathway members, including the central transcriptional mediator of the TGFβ pathway, Smad4. Loss of Smad4 causes the formation of inappropriate, fragile connections between arteries and veins called arteriovenous malformations (AVM), which can hemorrhage leading to stroke, aneurysm or death. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms underlying AVM pathogenesis remain poorly understood and the TGFβ downstream effectors responsible for HHT-associated AVM formation are currently unknown. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 8:1-5. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Departments of1Neurosurgery and.

OBJECTIVEA systematic analysis on the utility of prophylactic antibiotics for neuroendovascular procedures has not been performed. At the authors' institution there is a unique setup to address this question, with some attending physicians using prophylactic antibiotics (cefazolin or vancomycin) for all of their neurointerventions while others generally do not.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of the last 549 neurointerventional procedures in 484 patients at Tisch Hospital, NYU Langone Medical Center. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030. Electronic address:

Arteriovenous malformations have a significant cumulative risk for hemorrhage. Treatment options include observation, microsurgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, embolization, and multimodal treatment. Treatment selection and timing are based upon AVM features including size, location in eloquent versus non-eloquent parenchyma, pattern of venous drainage, surgical access, rupture status, and prior treatments. Read More

J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2019 Mar 28;5(1):45-48. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Surgery, Atlantic Health System Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare disorder consisting of the triad of vascular and/or lymphatic malformations, capillary malformations, and soft tissue or bony hypertrophy. Symptom control is the mainstay of treatment for these patients, with many of the symptoms never fully being relieved. In this case report, we present the case of a 46-year-old man with chronic lower extremity ulcerations unresponsive to wound care therapy. Read More

Chest 2019 Feb;155(2):e51-e54

Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.

Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman presented for evaluation for 3 months of coughing and dyspnea. A recent chest CT scan done for workup of her symptoms revealed a 2-cm right-sided pulmonary nodule. She had a medical history of Sjögren syndrome, hypertension, and obesity. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019 Feb 7:271678X19827446. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

5 Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

Neuroendovascular procedures have led to breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke, intracranial aneurysms, and intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Due to these substantial successes, there is continuous development of novel and refined therapeutic approaches. Large animal models feature various conceptual advantages in translational research, which makes them appealing for the development of novel endovascular treatments. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019 Mar 11;178:70-76. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Medicine, Inova Alexandria Hospital, Alexandria 22304, USA; Department of Urological Surgery, El Gomhoureya General Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.

Embolization of arteriovenous malformations is characteristically used as part of a multimodal treatment approach, pre-operatively to facilitate microsurgical resection or as a preradiosurgical adjunct. The concept of AVM cure via embolization alone has gained popularity in recent years. Embolization of AVMs has been most commonly performed transarterially, with the transvenous route traditionally eschewed given concern over precipitating premature venous occlusion and consequent hemorrhage. Read More

Brain Behav 2019 Feb 6:e01212. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies (RRCRST) of Ministry of Public Health, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Introduction: The applicability of "Rubidium Chloride, Rb from Generator" radiopharmaceutical for brain tumors (BT) diagnostics is demonstrated on the basis of the application experience of the radiopharmaceutical in neurooncology.

Experimental: A total of 21 patients with various brain tumors and nonneoplastic abnormal brain masses were investigated.

Results And Discussions: The results of the imaging and differential diagnostics of malignant and benign tumors, nonneoplastic abnormal brain masses and lesions revealed the prevalence of high uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the malignant tumors in comparison with benign glioma and arteriovenous malformations in which Rb-chloride accumulates in the vascular phase but does not linger further. Read More

J Hum Genet 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular disease characterized by nose and gastrointestinal bleeding, telangiectases in skin and mucosa, and arteriovenous malformations in major internal organs. Most patients carry a mutation in the coding region of the endoglin (ENG) or activin A receptor type II-1 (ACVRL1) gene. Nonetheless, in around 15% of patients, sequencing analysis and duplication/deletion tests fail to pinpoint mutations in the coding regions of these genes. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: and Importance: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (CAVM) are characterized by altered hemodynamics and associated with angioanatomical changes, such as aneuryms. We encountered a patient with a CAVM-associated dissection of the medial trunk of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) instead of an aneurysm.

Clinical Presentation: We report the case of a 56-year old male patient with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage within the cisterna magna and fourth ventricle. Read More

Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2018 ;82(6):30-37

Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are some of the most frequent congenital abnormalities of the cerebral vascular system and usually occur at a young age. Given the fact that AVMs can manifest, in addition to hemorrhages, as symptomatic epilepsy (17-40%) that occurs more often at a young age and may lead to significant disability, investigation of this pathology remains topical. Particular attention has recently been paid to the management of AVM patients without clinical signs of hemorrhage at the time of pathology diagnosis. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Fetal anemia has been known for many years as a dangerous complication of pregnancy. Its most common causes are maternal alloimmunization and parvovirus B19 infection, although it can be associated with many different pathological conditions including fetal aneuploidies, vascular tumors, and arteriovenous malformations of the fetus or placenta and inherited conditions such as alpha-thalassemia or genetic metabolic disorders. Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of the peak velocity of systolic blood flow in the middle cerebral artery for the diagnosis of fetal anemia and intravascular intrauterine transfusion for its treatment are the current practice standards. Read More

Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019 Feb 4;14(1):28. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

VASCERN HHT Reference Center, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, and Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a multisystemic inherited vascular dysplasia that leads to nosebleeds and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Anti-angiogenic drugs thalidomide and bevacizumab have been increasingly used off-label with variable results. The HHT working group within the ERN for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Diseases (VASCERN), developed a questionnaire-based retrospective capture of adverse events (AEs) classified using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Feb;46(2):E11

1Section of Neurosurgery and.

OBJECTIVECerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is considered a discrete vascular malformation of the brain separate from classical brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It has unique angiographic characteristics and has been hypothesized to result from chronic cortical ischemia and perinidal oligemia. Treatment with cerebral revascularization has been proposed in an attempt to disrupt regional hypoperfusion and interrupt the angiogenesis that defines CPA. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 02 1:1-12. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Departments of2Neurological Surgery and.

OBJECTIVEEndovascular embolization has been established as an adjuvant treatment strategy for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). A growing body of literature has discussed curative embolization for select lesions. The transition of endovascular embolization from an adjunctive to a definitive treatment modality remains controversial. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 02;122:724

Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Cir Pediatr 2019 Jan 21;32(1):49-52. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.

Introduction: Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare vascular anomaly consisting in an abnormal intradiploic communication between intra and extra cranial venous systems. It usually presents as a congenital soft mass in the cranial midline with progressive growth, which enlarges significantly with Valsalva maneuver. A similar congenital vascular anomaly involving intra and extra cranial arterial systems has not been previously described in the medical literature. Read More

Neuroradiology 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Road Jianshe No 1, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China.

Purpose: Insufficient nidus occlusion is a matter of great concern to routine Onyx embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This paper described an efficient method which using the diluted Onyx embolization technique to treat brain AVM.

Methods: The diluted Onyx technique was performed in a series of 15 patients with brain AVMs (10 males, 5 females; age range, 11-44 years). Read More

Endosc Int Open 2019 Feb 30;7(2):E282-E289. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University School of Medicine, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.

 Small bowel arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) pose a bleeding risk and have traditionally been diagnosed by invasive enteroscopic procedures in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Capsule endoscopy (CE) is emerging as a safe and non-invasive alternative for small intestinal evaluation, but its diagnostic yield and utility in diagnosing small bowel AVMs in HHT patients are understudied. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the utility of CE for diagnosing AVMs in HHT patients. Read More

J Card Surg 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Woman's and Children's Hospital, Izumi city, Osaka prefecture, Japan.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is an important complication after Fontan completion in patients with univentricular circulation. Lack of hepatic venous flow in a pulmonary artery has been identified as a cause of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. We report our experience with a case of redirection of the hepatic vein to the hemiazygos vein using a conduit via left thoracotomy and median sternotomy for the correction of unequal distribution of hepatic venous flow in the pulmonary arteries. Read More

AJP Rep 2019 Jan 29;9(1):e10-e14. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an underreported autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia. Neonatal presentations of HHT are rare, as this disorder typically presents in adolescence or beyond with epistaxis. We report a female neonate with hematochezia on the 1st day of life secondary to multiple gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) along with intracranial hemorrhage. Read More

Colomb Med (Cali) 2018 Dec 30;49(4):254-260. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Hospital Universitario . Bogotá, Colombia.

Aim: This study compares the reliability of brain CT interpretations performed using a diagnostic workstation and a mobile tablet computer in a telestroke context.

Methods: A factorial design with 1,452 interpretations was used. Reliability was evaluated using the Fleiss' kappa coefficient on the agreements of the interpretation results on the lesion classification, presence of imaging contraindications to the intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) administration, and on the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). Read More

Med Hypotheses 2019 Feb 7;123:86-88. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States. Electronic address:

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are an uncommon vascular anomaly that carry the risk of rupture and hemorrhage. Several factors have been implicated in the propensity of an AVM to bleed. One such factor is stenosis of AVM draining veins, as impairment of the AVM venous drainage system is associated with increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Read More

Front Cell Neurosci 2018 9;12:525. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Heterozygous loss of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Alk1) can lead to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), which is a kind of vascular disease characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins with the lacking of capillaries, and develops into arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in later stage. However, the changes of Alk1 in human sporadic cerebral AVMs (cAVMs) remain unknown. In the present study, we used endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human cAVMs (cAVM-ECs) specimens, to explore the characteristics of cAVM-ECs and the relationship between Alk1 and human sporadic cAVMs. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL, United States; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address:

Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) comprise a group of complex vascular lesions whose treatment with microsurgery or transarterial embolization can be challenging. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a well-established treatment for intracranial AVMs, and spinal radiosurgery and fractionated radiotherapy are common treatments for spinal tumors of both primary and metastatic origin. The use of radiosurgery and fractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of spinal arteriovenous malformations, however, has been infrequently reported. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Oct 15;24(10). Epub 2018 Oct 15.

University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Pathology, Jackson, Mississippi.

A young man presented with blue nodules on the trunk, face, and extremities that gradually increased in number and size. His mother had similar lesions. Initially, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome was suspected, but histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of hereditary glomuvenous malformations. Read More

Pediatr Cardiol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Isomerism, or heterotaxy, impacts morbidity and mortality after various stages of univentricular palliation. Timing of Fontan completing in these patients based on preoperative factors has not been investigated previously. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of preoperative factors on various outcomes including length of hospital stay and duration of chest tubes. Read More

Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019 Jan 19:1-6. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

c Department of Gyneco-Obstetrics, Hospital Habib Bougatfa, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.

Background: Congenital cutaneous hemangioma is a benign vascular lesion that is a leading cause of severe hemodynamic compromise in a fetus when it is of significant size and especially in association with arteriovenous malformation.

Case Report: A large cutaneous hemangioma involving the right arm of a 32-week-old male fetus was complicated by fetal hypotrophy, hydrops fetalis and neonatal death. Axillary arteriovenous fistulas and bilateral arterial carotid-subclavian anastomosis were demonstrated at autopsy. Read More

QJM 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

NHLI Cardiovascular Sciences Imperial College London, UK; Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London UK.

Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) generate a right-to-left shunt. Impaired gas exchange results in hypoxemia and impaired CO2 clearance. Most patients compensate effectively but a proportion are dyspneic, and these are rarely the most hypoxaemic. Read More

Phlebology 2019 Jan 17:268355518824235. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

1 Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Australia.

Background: Large vascular anomalies on the trunk or limbs are rare and prove challenging to treat. Currently, treatment options include conservative management, embolisation, sclerotherapy or surgical excision. Once the lesion has been embolised, or if it spontaneously involutes, the residual fibrofatty tissue may be painful and require debulking. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Jan 3. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Neurosurgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and explore the possible prevention measures for seizures following cranioplasty.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective review of 142 consecutive patients who underwent cranioplasty following craniectomy for trauma or cerebral hemorrhage in Dezhou People's Hospital between January 2010 and January 2017. Patients who were diagnosed with aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, cerebral infarction, and tumors (14), had seizures prior to cranioplasty (9) and those lost to follow-up (7) were excluded. Read More

CVIR Endovasc 2018 28;1(1):19. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

1Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.

Background: To describe the preliminary experience using Micro Vascular Plug (MVP) for treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) with small feeding arteries (3 -5 mm) in four patients with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT).

Material And Methods: One female and three male patients with PAVMs have been treated during 2017. The mean age was 32. Read More

J Radiol Case Rep 2018 Jul 31;12(7):1-9. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, ROC.

Improvements in techniques, contrast agents, and catheter design have significantly decreased angiography-related neurological deficits and complications. This article reports a case involving an angiographic total obliteration arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a patient with an acute infarction in the artery of Percheron (AOP) distribution following angiography. Furthermore, imaging of an AOP acute infarction in cerebral angiography is presented. Read More

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018 Nov;43(11):1246-1250

Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.

Objective: To determine the etiologies and risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage in young people.
 Methods: A total of 401 young patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled, and they were assigned into a 20-29 , a 30-39, and a 40-45 age group. The differences of various etiologies and risk factors among the three groups were analyzed. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Jan 11:1-10. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.

OBJECTIVEArteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamus are associated with elevated risks of both hemorrhage if left untreated and neurological morbidity after resection. Therefore, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become a mainstay in the management of these lesions, although its safety and efficacy remain incompletely understood. The aim of this retrospective multicenter cohort study was to evaluate the outcomes of SRS for BG and thalamic AVMs and determine predictors of successful endpoints and adverse radiation effects. Read More

Neurochirurgie 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, 06032, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: While there are numerous published cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) developing in the setting of malignancy, it is extremely rare to find them concurrently associated in the brain.

Clinical Case: This is the case of a 55-year-old male who presented to the emergency department complaining of headaches, memory and visual changes. Neuro-imaging revealed a right temporal parietal AVM and an adjoining hyperenhancing occipitotemporal lobe lesion with concern for a possible evolving stroke. Read More

J Med Phys 2018 Oct-Dec;43(4):214-220

Division of Radiation Physics, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Aim: Several plan quality metrics are available for the evaluation of stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy plans. This is a retrospective analysis of 60 clinical treatment plans of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) patients to study clinical usefulness of selected plan quality metrics.

Materials And Methods: The treatment coverage parameters Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Conformity Index (CI), RTOG Quality of Coverage (Q), RTOG Homogeneity Index (HI), Lomax Conformity Index (CI), Paddick's Conformity Index (CI), and dose gradient parameters Paddick's Gradient Index (GI) and Equivalent Fall-off Distance (EFOD) were calculated for the cohort of patients. Read More