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J Clin Neurosci 2020 Apr 14;74:253-255. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Department of Evaluation and Treatment of Pain, FHU INOVPAIN, la Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France; INSERM U-1107, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare syndrome, typically manifests as orthostatic headache. Sometimes considered asbenignillness, neurological complications are well described, in particular subdural hematoma and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Brain infarction as complication of SIH is rarely reported. Read More

Forensic Sci Int 2020 Jan 16;306:110066. Epub 2019 Nov 16.

Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133 Milano, Italy. Electronic address:

In forensic evaluation of charred corpses, internal detrimental signs may result as more significant of those observed during external examination and is often arduous to state if a victim was exposed to fire before or after death. When the histological analysis of the remaining internal viscera is necessary, the massive destruction caused by the lesion, the charring and the coarctation of the samples don't allow to give further information or to determine the remaining organic components of the viscera. This limit is determined by the intrinsic characteristics of this thermal lesivity of self-maintenance even after the exitus of the subject, worsening the initial detrimental framework. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Jan 16;133:256-259. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.

Background: Endovascular embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) is effective for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). CSDH associated with dural metastasis is generally refractory to burr hole surgery and has poor prognosis even if any interventions are applied. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a case of refractory CSDH associated with dural metastasis that was successfully treated with embolization of the MMA. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2019 Oct 3;18(4):2363-2368. Epub 2019 Jul 3.

Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.

Arterial blood supply to a brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is mainly derived from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral basilar artery (VBA) system. However, in certain cases, arteries supplying the meninges may also contribute to the blood supply of the BAVM, resulting in the formation of a BAVM with transdural blood supply (TBS). To review the current status of BAVM with TBS, a literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Read More

J Clin Invest 2019 12;129(12):5219-5235

Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) is a major driver of adverse outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), defining an unmet need for therapeutic development. Cell-free hemoglobin that is released from erythrocytes into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is suggested to cause vasoconstriction and neuronal toxicity, and correlates with the occurrence of DIND. Cell-free hemoglobin in the CSF of patients with aSAH disrupted dilatory NO signaling ex vivo in cerebral arteries, which shifted vascular tone balance from dilation to constriction. Read More

Cardiovasc Pathol 2019 Sep - Oct;42:36-40. Epub 2019 May 25.

Department of Diagnostic Pathology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan.

Amyloid-β-related angiitis (ABRA), a subtype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is vasculitis occurring in relation to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the walls of intracranial blood vessels. ABRA is presumed to be caused by some immune response to the deposited Aβ. An 81-year-old man on oral anticoagulant therapy complained of headache, nausea, and difficulty with standing after a head injury. Read More

Fluids Barriers CNS 2019 Jun 20;16(1):19. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.

Background: Periarterial spaces (PASs) are annular channels that surround arteries in the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): a flow of CSF in these channels is thought to be an important part of the brain's system for clearing metabolic wastes. In vivo observations reveal that they are not concentric, circular annuli, however: the outer boundaries are often oblate, and the arteries that form the inner boundaries are often offset from the central axis.

Methods: We model PAS cross-sections as circles surrounded by ellipses and vary the radii of the circles, major and minor axes of the ellipses, and two-dimensional eccentricities of the circles with respect to the ellipses. Read More

Neuropediatrics 2019 08 6;50(4):244-247. Epub 2019 Jun 6.

I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.

Introduction: Migraine is the most common neurological disorder and the third most common disease worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to its development are not completely understood. Symptoms may arise from a combination of dilation-independent vascular events and neurogenic mechanisms interacting throughout the brain and within the trigeminovascular system in the meninges MATERIALS AND METHOD:  We report here a case of a patient with a suspected familial hemiplegic migraine who presented an increased recurrence of events from one per month to one every other day. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jul 11;127:245-248. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Division of Vascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Background: Pial arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal vascular connections between arteries and the cranial venous system on the surface of the brain in the pia mater. In contrast to vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations, they lack a true vascular nidus and may only indirectly involve the vein of Galen.

Case Description: An 18-month-old boy was referred to us with a history of seizures, drowsiness, bulging cephalic veins, and cranial nerves palsy identified as vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation according to initial magnetic resonance imaging. Read More

Neuroradiol J 2019 Jun 29;32(3):158-165. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China.

The posterior meningeal artery, which arises from the vertebral artery, is a critical artery in neurological lesions. However, a comprehensive review of the importance of the posterior meningeal artery is currently lacking. In this study, we used the PubMed database to perform a review of the literature on the posterior meningeal artery to increase our understanding of its role in vascular lesions. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 04 28;35(4):683-687. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.

Purpose: The morphology of the vertebral artery (VA) segment at the suboccipital dural penetration site has little been explored with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the structure using MRI.

Methods: In total, 94 patients underwent thin-sliced, contrast MRI in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes involving the atlas, axis, occipital bone, and V3 and V4 segments of the VA. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019 03 4;178:86-92. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, 100070, China. Electronic address:

Objectives: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory, a crucial area of intellectual development in children, is frequently involved in the progress of moyamoya disease (MMD). However, revascularization surgeries for this area are not as established as surgeries for middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. This study aimed to describe our experience and study the effect of revascularizing ACA territory with periocranium and dural leaflets, which is referred to as 'encephalo-duro-periosteal-synangiosis (EDPS)'. Read More

Surg Radiol Anat 2019 Sep 14;41(9):1075-1078. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Medical Center, Euljiro 245, Jung-gu, 04564, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Extremely rarely, the vertebral artery (VA) enters the subarachnoid space via the intervertebral space of the C2-3 vertebrae. We have identified three cases with this anomalous VA in the literature. We report here another case involving aberrant VA penetration of the dura at the C2-3 vertebral level diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) angiography. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 11 19;9(1):4878. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.

Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through perivascular spaces (PVSs) in the brain is important for clearance of metabolic waste. Arterial pulsations are thought to drive flow, but this has never been quantitatively shown. We used particle tracking to quantify CSF flow velocities in PVSs of live mice. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2019 Jan 15;80(1):39-43. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Neurosurgery, BG-Klinikum Bergmannstrost GmbH, Merseburger Straße 165, Halle 06112, Germany.

Background: Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is a treatment option for hemodynamic insufficiency in the anterior cerebral circulation. Complications associated with extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries are ischemic strokes caused by bypass failure, wound-healing disorders, and further issues from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. CSF leakage can provide pathways for infection. Read More

Acta Neuropathol 2019 01 10;137(1):151-165. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, HCI H398, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.

The relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid are still being elucidated. It has been proposed that CSF within the subarachnoid space will enter paravascular spaces along arteries to flush through the parenchyma of the brain. However, CSF also directly exits the subarachnoid space through the cribriform plate and other perineural routes to reach the lymphatic system. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Sep 28;18(1):157. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.

Background: The computed tomography (CT) finding of a pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead the treating physician into a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of a pseudo-SAH in a patient with post-resuscitative encephalopathy, secondary to a newly diagnosed bleeding pulmonary arterio-venous malformation (AVM).

Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female presented acutely with massive hemoptysis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 27;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Neurosurgery, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Westerstede, Westerstede, Germany.

We report the rare case of an 80-year-old male patient with hypertrophic pachymeningoencephalitis that may be associated with temporal arteritis. The patient presented to our neurological department with a 2-week history of latent paresis and ataxia affecting his right hand. He had been diagnosed with temporal arteritis 12 years earlier. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 3;120:e877-e888. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.

Objective: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a well-accepted treatment option instead of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus. A sufficient flow from the ventricles to the basal cisterns requires perforation of the arachnoid membranes in the retroclival region. This point is critical to achieve an optimal outcome. Read More

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018 10;77(10):950-957

Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Listeria monocytogenes meningitis is the third most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults and has high mortality and morbidity rates. We describe the clinical course and score brain pathology of 5 patients who died of listeria meningitis. All patients were immunocompromised and ages ranged between 48 and 76 years. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Oct 29;27(10):2797-2803. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) based on leptomeningeal collateral (LMC) status and other parameters in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) terminus occlusion treated with endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods: All eligible patients from January 2013 to December 2017 undergoing EVT were retrospectively reviewed. The regional leptomeningeal score was used to assess the LMCs on baseline CTA. Read More

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018 10 20;315(4):H978-H988. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee.

Neonatal asphyxia leads to cerebrovascular disease and neurological complications via a mechanism that may involve oxidative stress. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an antioxidant messenger produced via a heme oxygenase (HO)-catalyzed reaction. Cortical astrocytes are the major cells in the brain that express constitutive HO-2 isoform. Read More

Vascul Pharmacol 2018 11 9;110:24-30. Epub 2018 Jul 9.

Division of Neurosurgical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address:

Alterations in the retinal microvessel (RMV) compartment occurring in systemic disease states such as diabetes may eventually contribute to blindness. To specifically address the pathophysiological role of the microvasculature we developed a new method for RMV bulk isolation from individual rats. The extraction procedure performed in the cold throughout takes less than one hour. Read More

Microsurgery 2019 Mar 3;39(3):207-214. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland.

Background: Complex defects resulting in ablation of the scalp, the calvaria, the dura, and the underlying brain are still challenging. These defects require cranioplasty to restore the bone cosmetic and functional roles and free-flap soft tissue reconstruction to prevent cranioplasty exposure and further infection. Different materials have been used in cranioplasty, while different free flaps have been proposed in those cases. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 06 29;8(1):9860. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA.

The cerebral vasculature is organized to supply the brain's metabolic needs. Sensory deprivation during the early postnatal period causes altered neural activity and lower metabolic demand. Neural activity is instructional for some aspects of vascular development, and deprivation causes changes in capillary density in the deprived brain region. Read More

Neuroradiol J 2018 Oct 17;31(5):456-463. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

1 Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal.

Background Cerebral edema is frequent in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who undergo reperfusion therapy and is associated with high mortality. The impact of collateral pial circulation (CPC) status on the development of edema has not yet been determined. Methods We studied consecutive patients with AIS and documented M1-middle cerebral artery (MCA) and/or distal internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion who underwent reperfusion treatment. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018 06 22;169:103-106. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Department of Neuropathology, Royal Free Hospital London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objective: To present and review the vascular consequences of arteritis in neurosarcoidosis.

Patient And Methods: neurosarcoidosis is typically an inflammatory disorder of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Although inflammation of small and medium sized vessels is seen pathologically and vasculitis is occasionally described, a large intracerebral arteritis has not previously been reported. Read More

Braz J Med Biol Res 2018 Mar 15;51(5):e6714. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of salvinorin A on the cerebral pial artery after forebrain ischemia and explore related mechanisms. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats received forebrain ischemia for 10 min. The dilation responses of the cerebral pial artery to hypercapnia and hypotension were assessed in rats before and 1 h after ischemia. Read More

Neurosurgery 2019 01;84(1):104-115

Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Depa-rtment of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Pial arterial supplies are sometimes found in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), though their characteristics have rarely been clarified.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of pial arterial supplies in DAVFs and to discuss their pathophysiology and treatment.

Methods: Two hundred four consecutive patients with intracranial DAVFs over 11 yr were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Acta Neuropathol 2018 03 24;135(3):363-385. Epub 2018 Jan 24.

Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Meninges that surround the CNS consist of an outer fibrous sheet of dura mater (pachymeninx) that is also the inner periosteum of the skull. Underlying the dura are the arachnoid and pia mater (leptomeninges) that form the boundaries of the subarachnoid space. In this review we (1) examine the development of leptomeninges and their role as barriers and facilitators in the foetal CNS. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 May 11;27(5):1237-1251. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Development of collateral circulation after acute ischemic stroke is triggered by shear stress that occurs in pre-existing arterioles. Recently, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) on endothelial cells was reported to sense shear stress and transduce its signaling pathways.

Methods: BALB/c mice (n = 118) were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) or sham operation. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018 04 28;38(4):669-686. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

1 Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Perivascular compartments surrounding central nervous system (CNS) vessels have been proposed to serve key roles in facilitating cerebrospinal fluid flow into the brain, CNS waste transfer, and immune cell trafficking. Traditionally, these compartments were identified by electron microscopy with limited molecular characterization. Using cellular markers and knowledge on cellular sources of basement membrane laminins, we here describe molecularly distinct compartments surrounding different vessel types and provide a comprehensive characterization of the arachnoid and pial compartments and their connection to CNS vessels and perivascular pathways. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Mar 20;57(3):291-298. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

Georgia Dermatopathology Associates, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Background: We previously described a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in El Bagre, Colombia (El Bagre-EPF).

Methods: Here we aimed to investigate disease autoreactivity to vessels in all body organs/systems. We compared 57 patients and 57 controls from the endemic area, matched by demographics, age, sex, and work activity. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2017 Oct 31;6(11). Epub 2017 Oct 31.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.

Background: Postmenopausal women represent the largest cohort of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and vascular dementia represents the most common form of dementia in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that the combination of cardiac pressure overload (aortic banding [AB]) and the loss of female sex hormones (ovariectomy [OVX]) impairs cerebrovascular control and spatial memory.

Methods And Results: Female Yucatan miniswine were separated into 4 groups (n=7 per group): (1) control, (2) AB, (3) OVX, and (4) AB-OVX. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018 04 17;38(4):719-726. Epub 2017 Oct 17.

Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Clearance of waste products from the brain is of vital importance. Recent publications suggest a potential clearance mechanism via paravascular channels around blood vessels. Arterial pulsations might provide the driving force for paravascular flow, but its flow pattern remains poorly characterized. Read More

Clin Sci (Lond) 2017 Nov 13;131(22):2745-2752. Epub 2017 Nov 13.

Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, South Academic Block, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO166YD, U.K.

Although there are no conventional lymphatic vessels in the brain, fluid and solutes drain along basement membranes (BMs) of cerebral capillaries and arteries towards the subarachnoid space and cervical lymph nodes. Convective influx/glymphatic entry of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain parenchyma occurs along the pial-glial BMs of arteries. This project tested the hypotheses that pial-glial BM of arteries are thicker in the midbrain, allowing more glymphatic entry of CSF. Read More

Brain 2017 Oct;140(10):2691-2705

Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

The glymphatic system has in previous studies been shown as fundamental to clearance of waste metabolites from the brain interstitial space, and is proposed to be instrumental in normal ageing and brain pathology such as Alzheimer's disease and brain trauma. Assessment of glymphatic function using magnetic resonance imaging with intrathecal contrast agent as a cerebrospinal fluid tracer has so far been limited to rodents. We aimed to image cerebrospinal fluid flow characteristics and glymphatic function in humans, and applied the methodology in a prospective study of 15 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients (mean age 71. Read More

J Neurosurg 2018 09 8;129(3):770-778. Epub 2017 Sep 8.

2Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau, UMR U930, Tours.

OBJECTIVE The dura mater is made of 2 layers: the endosteal layer (outer layer), which is firmly attached to the bone, and the meningeal layer (inner layer), which directly covers the brain and spinal cord. These 2 dural layers join together in most parts of the skull base and cranial convexity, and separate into the orbital and perisellar compartments or into the spinal epidural space to form the extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC). The EDNAC contains fat and/or venous blood. Read More

Dev Cell 2017 09 30;42(5):445-461.e5. Epub 2017 Aug 30.

Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Electronic address:

Dural cerebral veins (CV) are required for cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption and brain homeostasis, but mechanisms that regulate their growth and remodeling are unknown. We report molecular and cellular processes that regulate dural CV development in mammals and describe venous malformations in humans with craniosynostosis and TWIST1 mutations that are recapitulated in mouse models. Surprisingly, Twist1 is dispensable in endothelial cells but required for specification of osteoprogenitor cells that differentiate into preosteoblasts that produce bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017 10 14;159(10):1893-1907. Epub 2017 Aug 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA.

Background: The availability of minimal access instrumentation and endoscopic visualization has revolutionized the field of minimally invasive skull base surgery. The transorbital endoscopic approach using an eyelid incision has been proposed as a new minimally invasive technique for the treatment of skull base pathology, mostly extradural tumors. Our study aims to evaluate the anatomical aspects and potential role of the transorbital endoscopic approach for exposure of the sylvian fissure, middle cerebral artery and crural cistern. Read More

World Neurosurg 2017 Oct 12;106:446-449. Epub 2017 Jul 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Background: Neurosurgical application of indocyanine green (ICG) videography before performing a dural opening, known as transdural ICG videography, has been used during surgery of meningiomas associated with venous sinuses as well as cranial and spinal arteriovenous malformations. However, its use for a superficial temporal artery (STA)-to-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass has not been reported.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who underwent transdural ICG videography during STA-MCA bypass performed between January 2012 and March 2015. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2017 ;1003:173-185

Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis of blood vessel walls in the brain, spinal cord, and the meninges. The CNS complications are likely to be fatal without judicious use of immunosuppression; thus, early diagnosis may prevent from damage and disability. This chapter updates our knowledge on CNS vasculitis-related immunological mechanisms, neurological complications, diagnosis, and management. Read More

Pediatr Res 2017 Nov 16;82(5):881-887. Epub 2017 Aug 16.

Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

BackgroundThe potential contribution of sex-related variables to cerebrovascular functions in neonates remains elusive. Newborn piglets provide a translationally relevant model for studying the effects of seizures in the neonatal brain. The present study investigated whether sex differences contribute to cerebrovascular functions in healthy and epileptic newborn pigs. Read More

Microvasc Res 2017 09 30;113:16-21. Epub 2017 Mar 30.

Institute of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, Slupsk, Poland.

During apnoea, the pial artery is subjected to two opposite physiological processes: vasoconstriction due to elevated blood pressure and vasorelaxation driven by rising pH in the brain parenchyma. We hypothesized that the pial artery response to apnoea may vary, depending on which process dominate. Apnoea experiments were performed in a group of 19 healthy, non-smoking volunteers (9 men and 10 women). Read More

BMC Anesthesiol 2017 03 7;17(1):38. Epub 2017 Mar 7.

Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan.

Background: Global brain ischemia-reperfusion during propofol anesthesia provokes persistent cerebral pial constriction. Constriction is likely mediated by Rho-kinase. Cerebral vasoconstriction possibly exacerbates ischemic brain injury. Read More

J Neurointerv Surg 2017 Sep 24;9(9):e36. Epub 2017 Feb 24.

Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Seth G. S. Medical College and K. E. M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

A rete mirabile is a vascular network of intercommunicating small arteries or arterioles that replace the definitive adult artery supplying the brain. It supplies the brain in lower mammals but is not seen in normal human embryological development. A 26-year-old man presented with worsening tinnitus that was interfering with his sleep. Read More

Br J Radiol 2017 Apr 14;90(1072):20160821. Epub 2017 Feb 14.

2 Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has transformed the radiological assessment of a variety of cerebral pathologies, in particular acute stroke. In neuroimaging studies, DWI can also be used to evaluate pathology outside the brain parenchyma, although it is sometimes underutilized for this purpose. In this pictorial review, the principles of DWI are outlined, and 13 cases of abnormal diffusion outside the brain parenchyma are illustrated in order to show DWI as a useful sequence for the evaluation of the following recommended review areas: the dural venous sinuses, internal carotid arteries, meninges, ventricles, cavernous sinus and orbits, skull base and lymph nodes. Read More

Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017 01 14;14(1):33-39. Epub 2016 Nov 14.

Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.

Our goal was to test the hypothesis that administration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH) would improve impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilation of cerebral arterioles during type 1 diabetes. In addition, we examined the influence of BH on levels of superoxide in brain tissue. In vivo diameter of cerebral arterioles in nondiabetic and diabetic rats was measured in response to endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent agonists (acetylcholine and adenosine 5'-diphosphate) and an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-independent agonist (nitroglycerine) before and during application of BH (1. Read More