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Water Res 2022 Jun 7;221:118717. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616, United States.

The presence and/or coating of natural colloids (e.g., clays and metal oxides or hydroxides) on collector surfaces has frequently been demonstrated to enhance the retention of engineered colloids that are negatively charged due to favorable electrostatic interactions. Read More

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2022 Jun 24:e21948. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.

Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) act in diverse biological processes in insects such as immunity, development, and digestion by preventing the unwanted proteolysis. So far, the repertoire of genes encoding SPIs has been identified from few insect species. In this study, 62 SPI genes were identified from the genome of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Jun 20;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial and important enteric infectious disease etiologically caused by pathogenic infection, accounting for the estimated loss of around USD 6 billion in the global poultry industry. The increasing incidence of NE was found to be associated with the voluntary reduction or withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feed during recent years. Therefore, the development of effective vaccines specific to NE assumes a priority for the poultry industry. Read More

Nutrients 2022 Jun 9;14(12). Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.

Previous studies have suggested that infants high in negative affect have higher levels of adiposity, arising in part via changes in nutrition (e.g., "feeding to soothe"). Read More

J Clin Med 2022 Jun 10;11(12). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Arthrex GMBH, D-81249 Munich, Germany.

The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a rotator cuff-sparing postero-inferior (PI) approach with subdeltoidal access to the traditional subscapularis-takedown deltopectoral approach, in terms of implant sizing and positioning in anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). This study involved 18 human cadaveric shoulders with intact rotator cuffs and no evidence of head deforming osteoarthritis. An Eclipse stemless aTSA (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) was implanted in nine randomly selected specimens using a standard subscapularis-tenotomy deltopectoral approach, and in the other nine specimens using the cuff-sparing PI approach. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jun 10;23(12). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.

Abnormally elevated circulating bile acids (BA) during pregnancy endanger fetal survival and offspring health; however, the pathology and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A total of nineteen pregnant sows were randomly assigned to day 60 of gestation, day 90 of gestation (G60, G90), and the farrowing day (L0), to investigate the intercorrelation of reproductive hormone, including estradiol, progesterone and sulfated progesterone metabolites (PMSs), and BA in the peripheral blood of mother and fetuses during pregnancy. All data were analyzed by Student's -test or one-way ANOVA of GraphPad Prism and further compared by using the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Read More

Healthcare (Basel) 2022 Jun 6;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Department of Medical Informatics and Management, University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka 807-8556, Japan.

We aimed to summarize the evidence of an association between nurse staffing and nursing sensitivity outcomes in Japanese hospitals. A scoping review was conducted and reported following the PRISMA-SR 2020 statement. The ICHUSHI and CiNii databases were searched for published articles written in Japanese and PubMed and CINAHL for those written in English. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Jun 9;11(6). Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo (UO), 33006 Oviedo, Spain.

serovar Infantis (. Infantis) is a broiler-associated pathogen which ranks in the fourth position as a cause of human salmonellosis in the European Union. Here, we report a comparative genomic analysis of two clinical . Read More

Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun 10;12(12). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, U.S. Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.

In cattle, the rumen is an important site for the absorption of feed by-products released by bacterial fermentation, and variation in ruminal function plays a role in cattle feed efficiency. Studies evaluating gene expression in the rumen tissue have been performed prior to this. However, validating the expression of genes identified in additional cattle populations has been challenging. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 23;12(1):10719. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università, Legnaro, PD, Italy.

The fungus Cercospora beticola causes Cercospora Leaf Spot (CLS) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Despite the global importance of this disease, durable resistance to CLS has still not been obtained. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 23;12(1):10690. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Entomology and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Winter forage dearth is a major contributor to honey bee colony loss and can influence disease susceptibility. Honey bees possess a secretory head gland that interfaces with the social environment on many levels. During winter or forage dearth, colonies produce a long-lived (diutinus) worker phenotype that survives until environmental conditions improve. Read More

Vet Sci 2022 May 27;9(6). Epub 2022 May 27.

AniCura Ars Veterinaria Hospital Veterinari, Carrer dels Cavallers 37, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.

Brain gliomas are common tumours diagnosed in dogs. However, limited information is available on the clinical features and overall survival time (OS) in dogs receiving palliative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible associations between presenting complaint, tumour localisation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) features, survival times, and reason for the death of dogs with suspected intracranial glioma treated palliatively. Read More

Plant Cell Environ 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Plant Sciences Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.

Tracheid buckling may protect leaves in the dynamic environments of forest canopies, where rapid intensification of evaporative demand, such as those brought on by changes in light availability, can result in sudden increases in transpiration rate. While treetop leaves function in reliably direct light, leaves below the upper crown must tolerate rapid, thermally driven increases in evaporative demand. Using synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography, we visualized impacts of experimentally induced water-stress and subsequent fogging on living cells in redwood leaves, adding ecological and functional context through crown-wide explorations of variation in leaf physiology and microclimate. Read More

Insects 2022 May 24;13(6). Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Many vector-borne diseases that affect humans are zoonotic, often involving some animal host amplifying the pathogen and infecting an arthropod vector, followed by pathogen spillover into the human population via the bite of the infected vector. As urbanization, globalization, travel, and trade continue to increase, so does the risk posed by vector-borne diseases and spillover events. With the introduction of new vectors and potential pathogens as well as range expansions of native vectors, it is vital to conduct vector and vector-borne disease surveillance. Read More

Behav Sci (Basel) 2022 Jun 7;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain.

This paper explores how real scenarios of racial hostility and discrimination trigger anger rumination tendencies in refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants (hereafter RASI). Undergoing discrimination often leads to the development of negative thoughts and behaviors, and to a loss of meaning and self-worth. This could make young RASI particularly vulnerable to being recruited and exploited by extremist groups as they search for identity. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 18;14(5):e25128. Epub 2022 May 18.

Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, PAK.

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by the dysgenesis of the anterior segment along with some systemic abnormalities such as dental and facial bone defects. Its incidence is thought to be 1 in 200,000. Treatment is predominantly the management of glaucoma and is mostly medical but can be surgical in refractory cases. Read More

Advers Resil Sci 2022 23;3(2):113-147. Epub 2022 May 23.

Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada.

Relative to non-Indigenous youth, Indigenous youth have been under-represented when studying pathways to mental wellness. Yet, a broad range of adversity is acknowledged, from intergenerational and ongoing trauma arising from colonial policies. This scoping review explores resilience definitions, measures, key stressors, and what Indigenous youth identify as pathways to their wellness, based on quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed literature in Canada and the Continental United States. Read More

Br J Pharmacol 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background And Purpose: β-agonists relieve airflow obstruction by activating β -adrenergic receptors (β ARs), which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. The currently available β-agonists are balanced agonists, however, and signal through both the stimulatory G protein (G )- and β-arrestin-mediated pathways. While G signalling is beneficial and promotes HASM relaxation, β-arrestin activation is associated with reduced G efficacy. Read More

Environ Sci Technol 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Waihuan East Road, No. 132, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.

Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory is typically used to quantify surface interactions between engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), soil nanoparticles (SNPs), and/or porous media, which are used to assess environmental risk and fate of ENPs. This study investigates the co-transport behavior of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with positively (goethite nanoparticles, GNPs) and negatively (bentonite nanoparticles, BNPs) charged SNPs in quartz sand (QS). The presence of BNPs increased the transport of MWCNTs, but GNPs inhibited the transport of MWCNTs. Read More

G3 (Bethesda) 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.

Advances in sequencing technologies as well as development of algorithms and workflows have made it possible to generate fully phased genome references for organisms with non-haploid genomes such as dikaryotic rust fungi. To enable discovery of pathogen effectors and further our understanding of virulence evolution, we generated a chromosome-scale assembly for each of the two nuclear genomes of the oat crown rust pathogen, Puccinia coronata f. sp. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 21;12(1):10396. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA.

The southern green stink bug (SGSB) Nezara viridula L. is one of the most common stink bug species in the United States and can cause significant yield loss in a variety of crops. A suitable marker for the assessment of gene-editing tools in SGSB has yet to be characterized. Read More

J Anim Sci 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.

Pork hot carcass weights (HCW) have been increasing 0.6 kg per year, and if they continue to increase at this rate, are projected to reach an average weight of 118 kg by the year 2050. This projection in weight is a concern for pork packers and processors given the challenges in product quality from heavier carcasses of broiler chickens. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022 11;2022:3185320. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China.

Objective: To compare the merits and demerits of PEG-IFN-2a and PEG-IFN-2b for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods: Clinical files from eighty-four CHB patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2018 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and assigned to two groups: group 2a treated with PEG-IFN-2a and group 2b treated with PEG-IFN-2b. The clinical efficacy was compared between the above two arms, and the liver function (ALT, AST, HA, LN, and IV-C), HBV-DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, and inflammatory factors (IFs, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-) were tested at 12 weeks (T1), 24 weeks (T2), and 48 weeks (T3). Read More

PeerJ 2022 15;10:e13394. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

The Ægir Ridge System (ARS) is an ancient extinct spreading axis in the Nordic seas extending from the upper slope east of Iceland (∼550 m depth), as part of its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), to a depth of ∼3,800 m in the Norwegian basin. Geomorphologically a rift valley, the ARS has a canyon-like structure that may promote increased diversity and faunal density. The main objective of this study was to characterize benthic habitats and related macro- and megabenthic communities along the ARS, and the influence of water mass variables and depth on them. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2022 Jun 17;19(1):155. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Room S2-162, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation has been suggested to affect immune responses, partly through a neuronal circuit requiring sympathetic innervation of the splenic nerve bundle and norepinephrine (NE) release. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we investigated the therapeutic value of this neuromodulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by applying electrical splenic nerve bundle stimulation (SpNS) in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2022 Jun 20;15(1):213. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA.

Objective: Grapevine (Vitis spp.) viral infections, including those by Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), greatly reduce fruit yields and quality. Evidence exists that host chemistry shifts result in reductions in fruit quality. Read More

BMC Ecol Evol 2022 Jun 21;22(1):79. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA, 93905, USA.

Background: Boxwood blight disease caused by Calonectria henricotiae and C. pseudonaviculata is of ecological and economic significance in cultivated and native ecosystems worldwide. Prior research has focused on understanding the population genetic and genomic diversity of C. Read More

Carbohydr Polym 2022 Sep 18;292:119567. Epub 2022 May 18.

China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.

Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are a group of bioactive phenolic lipids and mostly concentrated in the bran of whole grains. In this study, the influences of alkyl chain length of ARs and V-amylose structure on the stability of V-amylose-ARs inclusion complexes were characterized. On the one hand, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in vitro digestion studies of complexes showed that the crystallinity, thermo-stability, and digestion resistance of V-amylose-ARs inclusion complexes increased with increasing alkyl chain length of ARs. Read More

Ecology 2022 Jun 20:e3799. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Botany Department and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.

A major goal in ecology is to make generalizable predictions of organism responses to environmental variation based on their traits. However, straightforward relationships between traits and fitness are rare and likely vary with environmental context. Characterizing how traits mediate demographic responses to the environment may enhance predictions of organism responses to global change. Read More

Theriogenology 2022 Apr 14;189:59-63. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

USDA, ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.

To facilitate breeding for improved resistance to the reproductive disorder of retained placenta (RP), genetic parameters were estimated for RP and its genetic correlation with other reproductive disorders as well as with production and fertility traits of Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Data were 154,048 lactation records collected between 2011 and 2018 from 59,610 Holstein dairy cows in 9 Iranian herds. Other reproductive disorders included dystocia, stillbirth, and twinning. Read More