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Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):196-200. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Academy of Medical Sciences of Iran, Tehran, Iran.

Abdulkarim Vessal, a distinguished professor of the Shiraz School of Medicine, was the founder of the "Archives of Iranian Medicine Journal" and a permanent member of the "Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences", who finally, after five decades of efforts to promote radiology and medical journalism in Iran, passed away on February 18, 2022 in Shiraz. His demise is a great loss for the Iranian medical community, especially in Shiraz. In the present paper, his life and career are briefly reviewed. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):194-195. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):191-193. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC) is a malignant tumor of salivary gland origin. ADCC of sinonasal tract is rare. We present a rare and unresectable case of sinonasal ADCC with intracranial extension in an 83-year-old man with the chief complaint of nasal congestion. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):182-190. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: International economic sanctions (IES) influence a country's economic development and the overall welfare of a nation's population.

Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted until July 31, 2019. Additionally, a list of references to related articles was reviewed. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):178-181. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Rhinosinusitis involves inflammation within the paranasal sinuses and the nasal mucosa. It is a very common chronic health condition. This paper performs a validation process on the Persian translation of the rhinosinusitis quality-of-life questionnaire (RhinoQOL), for use in clinical assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):171-177. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare type of neuroendocrine tumor. This study aimed to investigate the gene and protein expression of and DNA methylation patterns of its CpG74 , CpG74 , and CpG24 in an Iranian population with MTC.

Methods: In this case-control study, we selected 55 individuals who underwent thyroidectomy in Erfan hospital, Tehran, between 2018 and 2020. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):166-170. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Background: Laboratory analysis errors in procedure or interpretation may be seen during the process of completing physician test orders. They may also result in rejection of the requests due to some applicability reasons. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the rate and reasons for such rejections in clinical settings. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):161-165. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Department of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Background: There are limited data on the (MTB) drug resistance in regions located at the proximity of the Caspian Sea. We aimed to assess the drug resistance patterns of the MTB isolates to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients from four northern provinces of Iran between April 2013 and March 2019.

Methods: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed by culturing MTB isolates on the Lowenstein-Jensen medium using the proportion method. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):155-160. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.

Background: People with simple renal cysts (SRCs) are more likely to develop renal injury and dysfunction, but the mechanisms remain controversial, as the process of SRC formation and its characteristics are not yet well-known. This research focuses on the characteristics of SRCs and discusses how SRCs cause renal injury.

Methods: In 2014, a total of 401 participants without any prior kidney disease were selected for the research. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):148-154. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Studies suggest that intrapancreatic calcium has an important role in activating pancreatic enzymes; in addition, elevated intraductal pressure is required for development of pancreatitis. Magnesium sulfate (MS), as a calcium antagonist and a muscle relaxant of the Oddi sphincter, is suggested to reduce the incidence and severity of post-ERCP-pancreatitis (PEP) in this article. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 03 1;25(3):139-147. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: While hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most prevalent cause of adult liver transplants in Iran, the mortality rates and leading causes of death in HBV patients are not well-understood. This study aimed to investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality among HBsAg positive individuals in a large Iranian cohort.

Methods: The Golestan Cohort Study includes 50045 individuals aged 40-75 residing in Iran's Golestan province, enrolled during 2004-2008. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):133-138. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of death due to cancer. Liver transplantation, surgical liver resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the main options for the treatment of HCC. However, these methods are unable to limit the growth, survival, and metastasis of HCC cells. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):127-132. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often experience hyper-inflammatory reactions, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), blood clotting, and organ damage. The most prominent immunopathology of advanced COVID-19 is cytokine release syndrome, or "cytokine storm" which is attributed to a defect of immune-regulating mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as one of the main cells that maintain immune homeostasis. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 Feb 1;25(2):126. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):124-125. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):118-123. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: In the last two decades, the simple low-cost abdominal ultrasound (US) examination for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis was displaced by very expensive and not readily available modern imaging systems like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan and transient elastography. The aim of this study is to evaluate and emphasize the potential of US for diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Methods: US, laboratory tests (blood counts, transaminases, aspartate platelet ratio index [APRI], international normalized ratio [INR], serum albumin and bilirubin) and liver biopsy were performed on 197 patients with chronic liver diseases. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):112-117. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: There is limited evidence on the epidemiology and time trend analysis of incidence rates of gynecological cancer in Asia as a whole. We conducted this study to demonstrate breast and gynecological cancers incidence and trends in selected Asian populations.

Methods: We conducted this ecological study using cancer and population data from cancer incidence in five continents (CI5). Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):105-111. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Coronary artery disease is among the first causes of death in Iran. Secondary prevention with drug therapy is recommended following acute myocardial infarction (MI) to reduce the risk of new cardiovascular events and death.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study on data collected from 21181 cases of MI recorded by the MI Registry of Iran from 2013 to 2014. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):98-104. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Caffeine is commonly used to prevent or treat apnea in preterm neonates. The present trial was designed to determine the effect of caffeine on reducing the time required for nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 90 neonates (birth weight between 1250 and 2000 g) who were clinically diagnosed with RDS were subjected to random assignment to one of the two groups of caffeine (n=45) or control (n=45). Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):91-97. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: In this study, we assessed the prevalence of positive rapid detection test (RDT) among healthcare workers (HCWs) and evaluated the role of personal protective equipment (PPE) and knowledge of the pandemic.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2020 and October 2020 in a tertiary referral center (Tehran, Iran), we enrolled 117 physicians, nurses, and other HCWs (OHCWs)-aides, helpers, and medical waste handlers-regularly working in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wards. The RDT kit was utilized to reveal recent infection; data on demographics, PPE use and availability, and knowledge of the pandemic was collected through pre-defined questionnaires. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):85-90. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Background: The financing function within a health system is considered inherently complex, so it is of utmost importance to design a suitable future for this system given uncertainties and complexities of the environment. With regard to the current and future complicated conditions, health system financing is also likely to succeed if it can anticipate the impacts of effective factors in the future and further plan appropriate interventions ahead of time. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop scenarios for the health system financing in Iran. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 02 1;25(2):78-84. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Medical University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Although investigating the probable side effects of post intraoperative radiotherapy wound fluid secretion (PIWFS) is crucial, especially in clinical cases, no report has been published on the effect of PIWFS on the remaining tumor cells (in the vital state) in cavity side margins or surrounding regions. These tumor cells might be directly/indirectly exposed to intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). Here, for the first time, we investigated the effect of PIWFS on tumor cells of the same patient extracted from the excised tumor in the spheroid form. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):77. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):76. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):71-75. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.

The Spanish flu spread from September 23, 1918 to 1920. This disease was one of the historical catastrophes in Iran, and a large number of people in Tehran were infected. Evidence also shows that 5000-10000 out of the 250000 infected people died in Tehran over three years. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):64-70. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.

Mini puberty is the important period of infancy life that can have a serious impact on sexual development in both sexes. In the infants born very preterm and with extremely low birth weight, mini puberty changes including changes in clinical, hormonal, and imaging data are severe and long lasting, especially in girls. It can be called "exaggerated mini puberty". Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):50-63. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Although atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and cancer are seemingly different types of disease, they have multiple shared underlying mechanisms and lifestyle-related risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate physical activity. Opium abuse is prevalent in developing countries, especially the Middle East region and many Asian countries. Besides recreational purposes, many people use opium based on a traditional belief that opium consumption may confer protection against heart attack and improve the control of the risk factors of ASCVD such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):37-49. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Neurology Department, Shariati Hospital, Iranian Neuromuscular Research Center (INMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an immune-mediated potentially treatable disease in which rapid diagnosis and proper treatment can control symptoms. Treatment should be individualized in each patient according to distribution (ocular or generalized) and severity of the weakness, antibody status, thymus pathology, patient comorbidities, and preferences. A group of Iranian neuromuscular specialists have written these recommendations to treat MG based on national conditions. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):32-36. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Department of Pathology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Background: Few studies have been performed to investigate the association between vitamin D and respiratory problems in premature neonates.

Methods: In this cohort study, a low serum level of vitamin D was considered as exposure and respiratory problems and associated interventions were considered as outcome. All patients were followed during their hospital stay. Read More

Arch Iran Med 2022 01 1;25(1):26-31. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.

Background: Recently, blood monocyte concentration has been introduced as an inventive biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in low birth weight neonate; therefore, we aimed to examine and compare blood monocyte counts in preterm neonates with and without NEC.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 160 preterm neonates in Tehran during 2017. In this study, medical records and laboratory findings of 80 neonates with NEC (case) and 80 neonates (control), who were randomly chosen from among neonates who had survived NEC, were reviewed and CBC outcomes were compared between the groups. Read More