JMM Case Rep 2016 Feb 12;3(1):e005016. Epub 2016 Feb 12.

Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan , Busan 609-757 , Korea.

Introduction: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (formerly known as Corynebacterium haemolyticum) is the causative agent of sore throat and also causes skin and soft tissue infections in diabetes patients. A. haemolyticum is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, β-haemolytic bacillus. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2016 27;25:28. Epub 2016 Sep 27.

Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.

Arcanobacterium hemolyticum (A.haemolyticum) is a gram-positive bacillus. Man is the primary environmental reservoir. Read More

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017 Jan 10. Epub 2017 Jan 10.

14Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover.

AbstractA polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on an unidentified Arcanobacterium-like Gram-stain-positive bacterium isolated from the genital tract of a rhinoceros. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacterium belonged to the genus Arcanobacterium and was most closely related to the type strains of Arcanobacterium canis (98.8 %), Arcanobacterium phocisimile (97. Read More

Toxicon 2015 Dec 19;108:176-80. Epub 2015 Oct 19.

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Electronic address:

Phospholipase D (PLD) toxins from sicariid spiders, which cause disease in mammals, were recently found to convert their primary substrates, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine, to cyclic phospholipids. Here we show that two PLD toxins from pathogenic actinobacteria and ascomycete fungi, which share distant homology with the spider toxins, also generate cyclic phospholipids. This shared function supports divergent evolution of the PLD toxins from a common ancestor and suggests the importance of cyclic phospholipids in pathogenicity. Read More

PLoS One 2015 18;10(9):e0137346. Epub 2015 Sep 18.

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a Gram-positive, β-hemolytic emerging human pathogen that is classified into smooth or rough biotypes. This bacterial species is also a rare pathogen of animals. Smooth biotypes possess smooth colony edges, are moderate to strong in β-hemolysis, and predominately cause wound infections. Read More

J Zoo Wildl Med 2015 Jun;46(2):427-30

A 10-yr-old female okapi (Okapia johnstoni) at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park was evaluated for intermittent malaise, inappetence, occasional cough, abdominal splinting, and licking at both flanks. Physical examination revealed tachypnea, tachycardia, and fluid sounds on thoracic auscultation. Transthoracic ultrasound showed multiple uniform, anechoic filled structures in the right and left pleural space. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2015 May-Jun;31(3):250

J Med Microbiol 2015 Apr 9;64(Pt 4):369-74. Epub 2015 Feb 9.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan.

Bacteriological examinations were conducted for seven Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strains isolated from elderly patients with skin and soft-tissue infections, such as cellulitis and skin ulcers. Streptococcus dysgalactiae or Gram-positive cocci were isolated together with A. haemolyticum from all patients. Read More

Genome Biol Evol 2014 Sep 22;6(10):2625-33. Epub 2014 Sep 22.

Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

The family Actinomycetaceae comprises several important pathogens that impose serious threat to human health and cause substantial infections of economically important animals. However, the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamic of this family are poorly characterized. Here, we provide detailed description of the genome characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes, a prevalent opportunistic bacterium that belongs to the family Actinomycetaceae, and the results of comparative genomics analyses suggested that T. Read More

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2015 Mar-Apr;31(2):e31-3

*Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; †Craniofacial & Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, University Medical Center at Brackenridge, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.

The facial region is infrequently affected by necrotizing infections. Orbital necrotizing infections are even rarer, seen following trauma, local skin infection, and sinusitis. The authors report a unique case of orbital necrotizing fasciitis and osteomyelitis resulting from Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum ethmoid sinusitis. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2014 Mar 29;7:196. Epub 2014 Mar 29.

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.

Background: Polymicrobial infections caused by combinations of different bacteria are being detected with an increasing frequency. The evidence of such complex infections is being revealed through the use of novel molecular and culture-independent methods. Considerable progress has been made in the last decade regarding the diagnostic application of such molecular techniques. Read More

Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2014 Jan;88(1):131-5

Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014 Sep 16;59(5):369-74. Epub 2014 Feb 16.

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstr 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany.

Six Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strains isolated from six patients of two hospitals in Denmark were identified phenotypically, also including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, and by genotypic methods. The latter were performed by sequencing 16S rDNA and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene gap and by amplification of an A. haemolyticum specific region of 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and 23S rDNA. Read More

Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2014 Jan-Feb;127(1-2):56-60

Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten derTiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany.

The present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically an Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strain (A. haemolyticum P646) isolated from a purulent nasal discharge of a donkey. A. Read More

Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2013 Jan;52(1):42-5

Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

Objective: To emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of Lemierre syndrome caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.

Method: A case of Lemierre syndrome caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and three similar reported cases were reviewed.

Results: A man complained of fever with a sore throat, and examination found an enlarged left tonsil with prominent exudate, normal blood routine test and chest radiograph. Read More

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2013 Jun 12;14(3):322-4. Epub 2013 Apr 12.

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.

Background: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum can cause severe systemic infections and sepsis. Thus, accurate and timely identification of the organism is essential.

Methods: Case report and review of the pertinent English-language literature. Read More

Vet Rec 2013 Feb;172(5):121-4

Abortion due to Rhizopus microsporus in a dairy herd Outbreaks of nutritional myopathy and hypovitaminosis A in calves Marked rise in diagnoses of acute fasciolosis in sheep Arcanobacterium haemolyticum arthritis diagnosed in fattening boars Infectious laryngotracheitis causes mortality in backyard poultry These are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for November 2012 from SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services (SAC C VS). Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2013 Jan;126(2):391-2

Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China.

Chonnam Med J 2012 Dec 21;48(3):190-2. Epub 2012 Dec 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum was isolated from the blood cultures of a previously healthy 37-year-old man who met all the criteria of Lemierre syndrome, including a primary oropharyngeal infection, evidence of thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, and metastatic infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Lemierre syndrome caused by A. haemolyticum in Korea and shows that A. Read More

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013 Jun 5;63(Pt 6):2019-24. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two previously unidentified Arcanobacterium-like Gram-positive strains isolated from harbour seals. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that both bacteria belonged to the genus Arcanobacterium and were most closely related to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum CIP 103370(T) (98.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), A. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2012 Sep 24;61(Pt 9):1328-9. Epub 2012 May 24.

Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a rarely reported human pathogen but can cause wound infections in elderly patients with immunodeficiency and pharyngotonsillitis in adolescents and young adults. A. haemolyticum septicaemia originating from a wound rarely occurs and mainly affects immunocompromised patients. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2011 Nov;23(6):1234-5

Laboratory Services Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Thirsk Regional Laboratory, West House, Station Road, Thirsk, North Yorkshire YO7 1PZ, United Kingdom.

A 7.5-kg female European badger (Meles meles) was submitted under the United Kingdom Government's Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme to the Thirsk Regional Laboratory of the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency. Postmortem examination revealed a large, poorly encapsulated retropharyngeal abscess full of necrotic debris and pus. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2012 May 15;50(5):1745-7. Epub 2012 Feb 15.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, CRESIB/IDIBAPS, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

The identification of 83 Corynebacterium, 13 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and 10 Rhodococcus equi strains by conventional methods (API Coryne complemented with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis) was compared with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry identification. The correlation between API and MALDI-TOF results was 89%. MALDI-TOF is a rapid and accurate system for identification of the above-mentioned microorganisms. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2012 Aug;18(4):584-6

Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Vahid Dastgerdi Street, Shariati Street, Tehran 1919816766, Iran.

Thyroid abscess is a rare event especially in the pediatric age group. We report a 2-year-old girl with thyroid abscess who presented with fever and an anterior painful neck mass. Culture of the aspirated fluid yielded Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which is one of the etiologies of pharyngitis and rash in children and, especially, young adults. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2012 May 26;157(1-2):243-5. Epub 2011 Dec 26.

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

In the present study matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was evaluated for species identification of 98 bacteria previously classified phenotypically and genotypically to genera Arcanobacterium and Trueperella. Species identification was carried out by comparing the main spectra of each strain with the main spectra of reference strains of both genera and 3740 database entries included in the MALDI Biotyper 2.0 software package (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). Read More

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012 Sep 11;62(Pt 9):2201-5. Epub 2011 Nov 11.

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Straße 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on an unidentified Arcanobacterium-like Gram-stain-positive bacterium isolated from otitis externa of a dog. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacterium belonged to the genus Arcanobacterium and was most closely related to the type strains of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (97.2 %), Arcanobacterium hippocoleae (96. Read More

BMC Microbiol 2011 Oct 26;11:239. Epub 2011 Oct 26.

Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, The University of Arizona, 1117 E Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Background: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis, wound infections, and a variety of occasional invasive diseases. Since its initial discovery in 1946, this Gram positive organism has been known to have hemolytic activity, yet no hemolysin has been previously reported. A. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012 Jan 15;72(1):1-7. Epub 2011 Oct 15.

Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Santander, Spain.

The aim of this study was to assess the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of 56 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum isolates isolated from 51 patients attending primary health care centres and emergency units in the health area of Santander (Cantabria, northern Spain). Phenotypic characterization was based on morphological, biochemical, and antigenic tests. Species identification was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. Read More

Mikrobiyol Bul 2011 Jul;45(3):535-40

Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, İstanbul, Turkey.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, previously known as Corynebacterium haemolyticum, is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus with negative catalase and positive CAMP inhibition test results. It may be the causative agent of about 0.5-3% of acute bacterial pharyngitis especially in children and young adults. Read More

J Microbiol Methods 2011 Sep 14;86(3):387-9. Epub 2011 Jun 14.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.

We developed a two-block PFGE method to study molecular variation among clinical isolates of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, an often overlooked human pathogen. Three main macrorestriction profiles were defined among 15 isolates. PFGE was an objective method for characterizing A. Read More

Am Surg 2011 Jun;77(6):791-3

Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.

J Glob Infect Dis 2011 Jan;3(1):92-3

Department of Microbiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Clinical chorioamnionitis can result either from the ascending organisms from vagina after rupture of membranes or via the blood stream. This report describes a case of chorioamnionitis caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, an unusual organism associated with this infection. A 19-year-old primigravida at 32 weeks of gestation presented with the complaints of fever, pain in the abdomen, and discharge per vaginum for the past 2 days. Read More

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2011 May 12;10:17. Epub 2011 May 12.

Department of Microbiology, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an organism that commonly causes pharyngitis and wound infections. It does not usually cause systemic invasive disease. The organism presents a difficult diagnostic problem because the Clinical Microbiology laboratory has a propensity to view them as diphtheroid organisms of the Corynebacterium species, thus contaminants or normal flora. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2011 Jul 27;49(7):2664-6. Epub 2011 Apr 27.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Between 1998 and 2007, records from 33 patients with cutaneous diphtheria from Vancouver's inner city were reviewed. Cases were associated with injection drug use and poverty. Coinfections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum occurred. Read More

Med Mal Infect 2011 Jul 25;41(7):397-9. Epub 2011 Mar 25.

Stand Genomic Sci 2010 Sep 28;3(2):126-35. Epub 2010 Sep 28.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (ex MacLean et al. 1946) Collins et al. 1983 is the type species of the genus Arcanobacterium, which belongs to the family Actinomycetaceae. Read More

Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010 Nov 21;55(6):666-8. Epub 2011 Jan 21.

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 107, 35392 Gießen, Germany.

An Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strain isolated from a postcastrational lesion of a horse was identified phenotypically and genotypically. The latter was performed by sequencing the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR), by amplification of the gene encoding A. haemolyticum phospholipase D, by amplification of A. Read More

BMC Microbiol 2010 Oct 25;10:270. Epub 2010 Oct 25.

Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Background: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an emerging bacterial pathogen, causing pharyngitis and more invasive infections. This organism expresses an unusual phospholipase D (PLD), which we propose promotes bacterial pathogenesis through its action on host cell membranes. The pld gene is found on a genomic region of reduced %G + C, suggesting recent horizontal acquisition. Read More

N Z Vet J 2010 Oct;58(5):260-4

Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.

Case History: A 2-year-old Hereford bull was lame for one week before becoming recumbent.

Clinical And Pathological Findings: The scrotum and ventral perineal region were cold and blackened caudally. The semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles were firm on palpation. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2011 Mar 8;148(2-4):431-3. Epub 2010 Sep 8.

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

The present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically nine Arcanobacterium abortisuis strains collected from specimen of pigs in a period of nine years. All nine A. abortisuis strains and A. Read More

Infection 2010 Oct 27;38(5):427-9. Epub 2010 Jul 27.

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011 Jun 9;61(Pt 6):1265-74. Epub 2010 Jul 9.

Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.

The results of a study comparing the chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic positions of members of the genus Arcanobacterium indicated that the genus was not monophyletic and, therefore, was in need of taxonomic revision. Phylogenetically, the genus Arcanobacterium consisted of two distinct lines; a group comprising the species Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (the type species of the genus), A. hippocoleae, A. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2010 Jun 18;59(Pt 6):736-9. Epub 2010 Mar 18.

Department of Microbiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Pondicherry, India.

Arcanobacterium pyogenes is an established but often unrecognized human pathogen. A. pyogenes may also be misidentified as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which gives remarkably similar results in conventional biochemical tests. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2009 Dec 6;58(Pt 12):1645-8. Epub 2009 Aug 6.

Department of Biotechnology, Hospital Alto Guadalquivir, Andújar, Jaén, Spain.

We present a case of septicaemia caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in a previously healthy 23-year-old man suffering from acute pharyngotonsillitis, who developed complicated Lemierre's syndrome. Three blood cultures (both aerobic and anaerobic) revealed the exclusive presence of A. haemolyticum. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2009 Oct 26;87(2):186-8. Epub 2009 Feb 26.

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

A total of 57 bacteria representing eight species of genus Arcanobacterium (A.) were investigated for hemolytic properties on blood agar containing sheep and rabbit blood and for CAMP-like reactions. An enhanced hemolysis on blood agar containing rabbit blood compared to sheep blood could be observed for A. Read More

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009 Jan 13;134(3):75-8. Epub 2009 Jan 13.

Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene.

History: A 20-year-old previously healthy woman presented with a four-week history of sore throat and inability to swallow.

Investigation And Diagnosis: Initial examination revealed tender swelling and exudation of both palatine tonsils, trismus and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, but unremarkable Epstein-Barr virus titers. Read More

Med Mal Infect 2009 Feb 10;39(2):140-1. Epub 2008 Dec 10.

J Clin Microbiol 2009 Jan 19;47(1):124-8. Epub 2008 Nov 19.

De Gezondheidsdienst voor Dieren, Postbus 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands.

The present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically seven Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strains obtained from infections of six horses. All seven strains showed the cultural and biochemical properties typical of A. haemolyticum and were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested. Read More

Ann Pharmacother 2008 Nov 23;42(11):1697-702. Epub 2008 Sep 23.

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Objective: To describe a case of severe sepsis, cavitary pneumonia, and pyomyositis caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.

Case Summary: An 18-year-old male with a medical history significant for mild asthma presented to the emergency department complaining of a 7-day history of fever, diffuse myalgias, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and pain in his right upper quadrant, right shoulder, and left thigh. Cultures of blood, bronchoalveolar fluid, and surface and surgical swabs from the patient's left lower extremity grew A. Read More

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2008 Jun;28(3):144-6

Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.

Two uncommon presentations of Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum infection (sinusitis and pharyngitis) are described, emphasizing the poor response to commonly used antibiotics and the possibility of serious local and systemic complications. The difficulties still encountered in the clinical diagnosis are underlined, since this organism could easily pass unrecognized in bacteriological cultures. Read More