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J Emerg Med 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Background: Spontaneous spinal and intracranial subdural hematomas are rarely reported, especially occurring simultaneously. Anticoagulation use has been associated with spontaneous hemorrhages. Prompt diagnosis is required to prevent permanent neurological sequelae. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2019 Jan-Mar;62(1):114-116

Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Dr. R.M.L Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare type of chronic arachnoiditis characterized by the presence of calcification or ossification of the spinal arachnoid which is usually associated with progressive neurological deficits. It is usually followed by prior history of trauma, surgery, infection, or myelography. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are the characteristics that are helpful in the diagnosis of most cases. Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2018 Dec 23;42(6):385-390. Epub 2018 May 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

An 84-year-old woman presented with 3 months of vertical binocular diplopia and difficulty reading at near. She had a history of bilateral ophthalmic artery aneurysm repair involving use of muslin in the 1990s. The patient then developed bitemporal hemianopsia secondary to muslin-induced inflammation ("muslinoma") extending to the optic chiasm, which required surgical decompression. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico" University Hospital, Via Santa Sofia 86, 95123 - Catania, Italy.

Background: Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare condition often associated with previous spine surgery. Here we describe a unique case of a patient affected by ankylosing spondylitis (AS), presenting with progressive neurological deterioration due to AO. We also review the literature on evaluation and management of patients suffering from AO. Read More

Anaesth Intensive Care 2018 Nov;46(6):572-574

Conjoint Associate Professor, St George and Sutherland Clinical School; Sydney, New South Wales.

We report a case of serious neurologic injury due to inadvertent epidural injection of 8 ml of the antiseptic 2% chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol during a procedure aimed to relieve the pain of labour. This resulted in immediate severe back pain, progressive tetraparesis and sphincter dysfunction caused by damage to the spinal cord and nerve roots. Subacute hydrocephalus necessitated drainage, but cranial nerve and cognitive function were spared. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018 Nov 4;39(11):2148-2153. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Department of Radiology (J.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona.

Background And Purpose: is a dimorphic fungus endemic to the Southwest United States and Mexico, and at our institution, it is a relatively common pathogen presenting with a broad spectrum of associated spine diseases. We describe the various spinal manifestations resulting from coccidioidal infection and provide MR imaging examples from 41 pathologically proved cases.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective electronic medical record and PACS searches were performed. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 3;120:129-130. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Muslin foreign body granulomas are a known complication of muslin aneurysm wrapping and have been associated with vision loss from optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. Muslin granulomas have also been confused with abscesses due to surrounding inflammatory changes. In this clinical image, we present a unique case of a muslin granuloma mimicking an intraparenchymal hematoma. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Oct 29;27(10):2792-2796. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Background: Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) is a rare but serious condition that can lead to a variety of medical complications.

Methods: Using the Mayo Clinic Rochester database, consecutive patients admitted to the Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota hospital with spontaneous SSAH (not iatrogenic or traumatic) between January 2000 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical data and functional outcomes as categorized by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the time of discharge and at postadmission follow-up were assessed. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Oct 11;118:59-62. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Background: Spinal cystic arachnoiditis is a rare complication of a subarachnoid haemorrhage or infectious meningitis. The inflammatory process leads to fibrosis, adhesions, and in severe cases cyst formation. Large arachnoid cysts are an uncommon cause of compressive myelopathy. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Aug 17;116:e709-e722. Epub 2018 May 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, California, USA.

Objective: An enlarged fourth ventricle, otherwise known as fourth ventriculomegaly (4th VM), has been reported previously in the pediatric population, yet literature on adults is scant. We report our experience with 4th VM in adults over an 11-year period and review the literature.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of adult patients with the diagnosis of 4th VM admitted to the intensive care unit in a tertiary care center. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Jul 7;115:400-406. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.

Background: We present a case of delayed progression of adhesive arachnoiditis to arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) in a patient being treated with a high-dose polypharmaceutical intrathecal regimen.

Case Description: The patient is a 39-year-old Caucasian male who was implanted with an intrathecal pump in 2006 to control severe low back pain and administered intrathecal pain medication for a period of 10 years. In 2016, he developed new-onset radicular pain and worsened sensation in his lower extremities. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 May;97(19):e0693

Department of Anesthesiology.

Rationale: Neuraxial anesthesia is a commonly used type of regional anesthesia. Cauda equina syndrome is an unusual and severe complication of neuraxial anesthesia, and is caused by damage to the sacral roots of the neural canal. We present a case of cauda equina syndrome following spinal anesthesia in a patient who underwent Bartholin abscess drainage. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 10;9:81. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare complication of spinal or epidural anesthesia. It is attributed to direct mechanical injury to the spinal roots of the cauda equina that may result in saddle anesthesia and paraplegia with bowel and bladder dysfunction.

Case Description: The first patient underwent a hip replacement and received 5 mL of 1% lidocaine epidural anesthesia. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2018 Jun 28;52:132-134. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address:

Spinal arachnoiditis (SA) is an extremely rare and delayed complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Little is known about its underlying pathogenesis and subsequent clinical course. A middle-aged patient presented with the worst headache of her life and a grade 3 SAH of the basal-cisterns and posterior fossa was identified on Computed Tomography scans (CT). Read More

Int J Spine Surg 2017 4;11:26. Epub 2017 Aug 4.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.

Introduction: The etiology and treatment of tethered cord syndrome remains controversial, especially in adults. We present an unusual case of tethered cord syndrome with an associated epidural lipomatosis likely due to chronic over shunting of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods: A 25-year-old woman had a history of Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus, and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Read More

J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2017 Mar 6;3(1):26-29. Epub 2017 Mar 6.

Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.

A 62-year-old woman presented with hemithoracic anesthesia and acute abdominal pain following a violent psychological stress. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a thoracic hematoma with arachnoiditis of the spinal cord. Tomography revealed a typical aspect of segmental arterial mediolysis with multiple aneurysms and stenoses of the splanchnic arteries, confirmed by abdominal arteriography. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 03 11;98(3):800-802. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Diffuse spinal arachnoiditis in neurobrucellosis is a rare manifestation. We report a boy aged 17, presenting with hearing impairment and recurrent vomiting for 18 months, weight loss for 12 months, dysphagia, dysarthria, hypophonia for 6 months, and gait unsteadiness for 5 months. He had bilateral 5th (motor) to 12th cranial nerve palsy, wasting and weakness of limbs, fasciculations, absent tendon reflexes, and positive Babinski's sign. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2017 6;8:288. Epub 2017 Dec 6.

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, El Manar-Tunis University, Burns and Trauma Center, Ben Arous, Tunisia.

Background: Syringomyelia is commonly associated with Chiari malformations, spinal trauma, arachnoiditis, or tumors. However, rarely, cervical canal stenosis is implicated in intramedullary cavitations.

Case Discription: Here, we report the case of a 60-year-old male patient who presented with loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities associated with a spastic tetraparesis. Read More

J Synchrotron Radiat 2017 Nov 4;24(Pt 6):1218-1225. Epub 2017 Oct 4.

Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.

Many published literature sources have described the histopathological characteristics of post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS). However, three-dimensional (3D) visualization studies of PTS have been limited due to the lack of reliable 3D imaging techniques. In this study, the imaging efficiency of propagation-based synchrotron radiation microtomography (PB-SRµCT) was determined to detect the 3D morphology of the cavity and surrounding microvasculature network in a rat model of PTS. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Feb 7;110:e53-e59. Epub 2017 Oct 7.

Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

Objective: Surgery for syringomyelia generally aims to treat the underlying cause, if it is known. Optimal management is unclear for idiopathic syringomyelia, or when treatment of the putative cause has failed or is high risk. Syrinx to subarachnoid shunting is an option for these cases; a series is reported to assess the outcomes of this approach. Read More

World Neurosurg 2017 Nov 24;107:565-573. Epub 2017 Aug 24.

Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address:

Objective: Craniocervical junction arachnoiditis (CCJA) is an uncommon cause of syringomyelia. The pathophysiology of syrinx formation is uncertain, and the appropriate management unclear. A series of cases is reported to demonstrate variations in etiology, uniformity of functional cerebrospinal fluid obstruction at the foramen magnum, and results of surgical intervention. Read More

Int J Obstet Anesth 2017 Nov 1;32:77-81. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

Hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.

We present a case of arachnoiditis and an intrathecal hematoma after an epidural blood patch. A 24-year-old parturient underwent an epidural blood patch three days after an accidental dural puncture during epidural labor analgesia. Four days later, the patient developed severe lower back pain, bilateral leg pain, persistent headache and fever. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2017 13;8:114. Epub 2017 Jun 13.

Memfys Hospital for Neurosurgery, Enugu, Nigeria.

Background: Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy due to mechanical compression by a vascular lesion is rare.

Case Description: We report the case of a 72-year-old man who presented with a 4-year history of swallowing disturbance and subsequently progressively worsening left-sided tongue atrophy. He was referred to our department by a neurologist due a magnetic resonance imaging detected left vertebral artery compression of the medulla. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 May 1;11(5):TC06-TC09. Epub 2017 May 1.

Resident, Department of Radiology, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India.

Introduction: Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) is a generalized term used to describe varied spinal symptoms of patients who have had unsuccessful results after spinal surgery. The treatment of FBSS is challenging and varies from conservative management to reoperation. Imaging plays a crucial role in identifying the cause and helps to guide the appropriate therapy. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017 Sep 22;209(3):648-655. Epub 2017 Jun 22.

1 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.

Objective: Chronic adhesive arachnoiditis (CAA) is rare and has potentially devastating clinical consequences. The objective of this article is to review the clinical features of CAA and describe its appearance on imaging, to increase radiologists' awareness of this challenging diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine cases of advanced CAA seen at our institution over 18 years (1995-2013) were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2017 Oct 2;31(5):601-602. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

a Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals' NHS Trust , Nottingham , UK.

Intermittent change in ventricular size in patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts is a recognised complication but definitive imaging evidence is rare. We report a 3 years old boy with a medullary astrocytoma and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement who demonstrated intermittent ventriculomegaly during a single MRI scan. Read More

Neurology 2017 05;88(22):e212-e218

From the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Biomedica 2017 Apr 1;37(0):26-32. Epub 2017 Apr 1.

Sección de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Neurocysticercosis is the leading cause of parasitosis of the central nervous system and acquired epilepsy in developing countries. The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis, especially its racemose variant, are pleomorphic and unspecific, characteristics that hinder the diagnosis and make it a challenge for the clinician.The objective of this report was to describe two cases of racemose neurocysticercosis in which neuroimaging led to the definitive diagnosis. Read More

Korean J Neurotrauma 2017 Apr 30;13(1):34-38. Epub 2017 Apr 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.

Syringomyelia associated with tuberculous meningitis is an extremely rare condition. Only a few studies have reported clinical experience with syringomyelia as a late complication of tuberculous meningitis. Twenty-six years after a tuberculous meningitis episode, a 44-year-old man presented with progressively worsening spastic paresis of the lower limbs and impaired urinary function for 2 years. Read More

J Neurol Surg Rep 2017 Apr;78(2):e59-e67

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Padova, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy.

Posttubercular adhesive arachnoiditis is a rare, late complication of tubercular meningitis. Syringomyelia can develop as a consequence of intramedullary cystic lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow disturbance around the spinal cord, even after successful chemotherapy. We reviewed the literature related to posttubercular syringomyelia treatment and suggest a new combined surgical approach. Read More

Neurosurgery 2017 Aug;81(2):217-229

Department of Neurosurgery, Christlich-es Krankenhaus Quakenbrück, Quaken-brück, Germany.

Background: Spinal intradural arachnoid cysts are rare causes of radiculopathy or myelopathy. Treatment options include resection, fenestration, or cyst drainage.

Objective: To classify intradural spinal arachnoid cysts and present results of their treatment. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2016;25:141. Epub 2016 Nov 11.

Department of Neurology, Military Hospital Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco.

Microbiol Spectr 2017 03;5(2)

Department of Medicine-Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.

Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) takes three clinical forms: meningitis (TBM), intracranial tuberculoma, and spinal arachnoiditis. TBM predominates in the western world and presents as a subacute to chronic meningitis syndrome with a prodrome of malaise, fever, and headache progressing to altered mentation and focal neurologic signs, followed by stupor, coma, and death within five to eight weeks of onset. The CSF formula typically shows a lymphocytic pleocytosis, and low glucose and high protein concentrations. Read More

Musculoskelet Surg 2017 Mar 6;101(Suppl 1):63-73. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.

Spinal trauma is a devastating event with a high morbidity and mortality. The rationale of imaging is to diagnose the traumatic abnormalities and characterize the type of injury, to estimate the severity of the lesions, to evaluate the potential spinal instability. In case of spinal instability, the goals of operative treatment are decompression of the spinal cord canal and stabilization of the disrupted vertebral column. Read More

Joint Bone Spine 2018 Jan 20;85(1):41-45. Epub 2017 Jan 20.

Rheumatology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, CHU de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France.

Purpose: To perform a synthesis of articles addressing the role of stretching on roots in the pathophysiology of radiculopathy.

Methods: Review of relevant articles on this topic available in the PubMed database.

Results: An intraoperative microscopy study of patients with sciatica showed that in all patients the hernia was adherent to the dura mater of nerve roots. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017 02 10;38(2):418-422. Epub 2016 Nov 10.

From the Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.R.P., K.M.S.).

Background And Purpose: Chronic cauda equina syndrome, defined as persistent damage of the cauda equina nerve roots within the spinal canal can be a challenging diagnosis with varied presentations. MR neurography imaging is more commonly being used to evaluate the lumbosacral spine of patients suspected of having subacute or chronic cauda equina syndrome. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of lumbosacral plexus MR neurography in the diagnostic thinking and therapeutic management of patients presenting with chronic pelvic pain and dysfunction and suspected chronic cauda equina syndrome. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2016 5;7(Suppl 39):S958-S961. Epub 2016 Dec 5.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Background: Sparganosis is a very rare parasitic infection in various organs caused by the larvae of tapeworms called spargana. The larva usually lodges in the central nervous system (CNS) and the orbit. However, lumbar spinal canal involvement, as noted in the present case, is extremely rare. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2017 Feb 10;64(3):275-283. Epub 2016 Nov 10.

Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (LCID), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda,Maryland.

Background: Cryptococcus can cause meningoencephalitis (CM) among previously healthy non-HIV adults. Spinal arachnoiditis is under-recognized, since diagnosis is difficult with concomitant central nervous system (CNS) pathology.

Methods: We describe 6 cases of spinal arachnoiditis among 26 consecutively recruited CM patients with normal CD4 counts who achieved microbiologic control. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Dec 16;2016. Epub 2016 Dec 16.

Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

The overall incidence of neurological manifestations is relatively low among patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). We recently encountered a case of autoimmune adhesive arachnoiditis in a young woman with 7 years history of MCTD who presented with severe back pain and myeloradiculopathic symptoms of lower limbs. To the best of our knowledge, adhesive arachnoiditis in an MCTD patient has never been previously reported. Read More

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2016 Oct-Dec;7(4):282-284

Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

This study aims to focus on a rare presentation of spinal hydatid cyst as cauda equine syndrome and misdiagnosed as intradural extramedullary (IDEM) benign lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we report a case of spinal hydatid cyst masquerading as IDEM tumor, and intraoperatively, we accidently find clumped granuloma with severe arachnoiditis and hydatid cyst in lumber region, which was present as bilateral S1 radiculopathy with cauda equina syndrome. An 11-year-old boy who presented with symptoms and signs of cauda equina syndrome and planned for surgical excision. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017 02 5;159(2):237-249. Epub 2016 Nov 5.

Neurosurgical Department, Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.

Background: Implication of veins as neurovascular conflict (NVC) in the genesis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) remains a matter of debate. Few reports dealing with venous NVC have been published. The objective of this study is to describe the outcome in a historical cohort of consecutive patients with classical TN due to venous compression. Read More

Laryngoscope 2017 08 11;127(8):1916-1919. Epub 2016 Oct 11.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.

Pantopaque (iophendylate) is an oily contrast medium historically used during spine imaging. Due to its persistence in the subarachnoid space and the potential to lead to severe arachnoiditis, it is no longer used today. We present a 40-year-old male with new-onset headaches, imbalance, and vertigo. Read More

World Neurosurg 2016 Dec 5;96:612.e15-612.e20. Epub 2016 Sep 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Klinikum, Erfurt, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: Arachnopathy following meningitis has been described in the setting of chronic spinal arachnoiditis and more recently as shunt-related progressive myelopathy due to meningeal thickening.

Case Description: We describe an atypical case of a patient who presented with chronic arachnopathy 5 decades after an episode of meningitis. We also review the literature concerning arachnopathies occurring in the context of early childhood meningitis. Read More

Handb Clin Neurol 2016 ;135:193-208

Department of Neuroradiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Myelography describes the instillation of intrathecal contrast media for the imaging evaluation of spinal canal pathology. The technique has evolved with the use of progressively less toxic contrast agents over its 90-year history and the inclusion of advanced image acquisition technology, including both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to plain radiographic projections. The use of myelography for routine evaluation of spinal disease has diminished greatly due to the advent of MRI which has superior soft-tissue contrast and is relatively non-invasive. Read More

Handb Clin Neurol 2016 ;136:733-46

Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Myelitis, or inflammation of the spinal cord, produces a characteristic clinical syndrome. Among the many causes of myelitis are the prototypical demyelinating diseases multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, each of which has distinct clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features. Less distinct are the myelitides associated with systemic autoimmune conditions like sarcoidosis and lupus. Read More

Neurol Res 2016 Jul 29;38(7):593-9. Epub 2016 May 29.

d Department of Neurosurgery , Bathildis Krankenhaus , Bad Pyrmont , Germany.

Objectives: The purpose of this work is to elucidate the efficacy of endoscopic basal cisterns exploration, biopsy, and third ventriculostomy (ETV) in patients with basal cistern meningitis and arachnoiditis.

Materials And Methods: The cases and videos of all patients in whom flexible neuroendoscopy was performed during the period of January 2005-June 2012 at the University Hospital 'Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto' in San Luis Potosí, México. Read More

Infection 2016 Oct 2;44(5):623-31. Epub 2016 May 2.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.

Objective: Neuroimaging abnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) brucellosis are not well documented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of imaging abnormalities in neurobrucellosis and to identify factors associated with leptomeningeal and basal enhancement, which frequently results in unfavorable outcomes.

Methods: Istanbul-3 study evaluated 263 adult patients with CNS brucellosis from 26 referral centers and reviewed their 242 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 226 computerized tomography (CT) scans of the brain. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2016 Jun 26;24(6):941-8. Epub 2016 Feb 26.

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and.

OBJECTIVE Syringomyelia pathophysiology is commonly studied using rodent models. However, in vivo studies of posttraumatic syringomyelia have been limited by the size of animals and lack of reliable noninvasive evaluation techniques. Imaging the rat spinal cord is particularly challenging because the spinal cord diameter is approximately 1-3 mm, and pathological lesions within the spinal cord parenchyma are even smaller. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2016 May 29;24(5):797-805. Epub 2016 Jan 29.

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and.

OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of posttraumatic syringomyelia remains enigmatic and is not adequately explained by current theories. Experimental investigations require a reproducible animal model that replicates the human condition. Current animal models are imperfect because of their low reliability, severe neurological deficits, or dissimilar mechanism of injury. Read More

Radiologia 2016 Apr 4;58 Suppl 1:104-14. Epub 2016 Jan 4.

Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Povisa, Vigo, Pontevedra, España.

Failed back surgery syndrome is the persistence or reappearance of pain after surgery on the spine. This term encompasses both mechanical and nonmechanical causes. Imaging techniques are essential in postoperative follow-up and in the evaluation of potential complications responsible for failed back surgery syndrome. Read More