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J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2022 May 23;3(21):CASE21682. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Background: Spinal arachnoid cysts (SAC) are rare, especially in children. Patients can be asymptomatic or present symptoms of spinal cord compression. In this latter case, surgery is indicated to relieve the compression. Read More

Cerebellum 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS) is now increasingly identified from all countries over the world, possibly rendering it one of the most common autosomal recessive ataxias. Here, we selected patients harboring SACS variants, the causative gene for ARSACS, in a large cohort of 137 patients with early-onset ataxia recruited from May 2019 to May 2021 and were referred to the ataxia clinic. Genetic studies were performed for 111 out of 137 patients (81%) which led to a diagnostic rate of 72. Read More

Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) 2022 Jul-Aug;33(4):190-194

Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, İzmir, Turkey.

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis is a rare fatal tumor of childhood. Symptoms usually occur when the tumor causes hydrocephalus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be nearly normal in the early stages of the disease, while hydrocephalus and multiple leptomeningeal cysts with spongiform appearance may appear later on. Read More

Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) 2022 Jul-Aug;33(4):157-164

Department of Pediatrics, Universitary Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.

Introduction And Objective: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are relatively frequent lesions related to different neurological symptoms, being mostly incidentally diagnosed. This study aims to clarify whether AC surgery in epileptic patients is useful in their treatment.

Material And Methods: The patients registered in the database of the Neuropediatrics Section from May 1990 to August 2019 are analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2022 Jun 26;37(5):325-333. Epub 2021 May 26.

Departamento de Pediatría, Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina de Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a progressive multisystem disorder following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern that presents with multiple neurological manifestations.

Methods: We reviewed medical histories of patients with NF1 followed up at our hospital's paediatric neurology department from May 1990 to 31 December 2018. We collected data on neurological symptoms. Read More

Neurosurg Rev 2022 Jun 3. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Asklepios Children´S Hospital, Sankt Augustin, Germany.

Arachnoid cysts (AC) occur in different intracranial locations. Management and prognosis depend on the clinical presentation and treatment guidelines do not exist. With this study, we want to demonstrate the clinical variety of arachnoid cysts in children and place a focus on outcome factors in operated cases. Read More

Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2022 ;59(2):219-224

Iwate Prefectural Ninohe Hospital Department of Neurosurgery.

The patient was an 83-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer, distal right radial edge bone fracture, and cervical spine symptoms who had been diagnosed with an arachnoid cyst 9 years previously. She was examined by a nearby doctor, because of an approximately 1-year history of reduced verbal output; she also begun experiencing difficulties with walking. However, she was diagnosed with aging, a history of cervical spondylosis, and the effects of past fractures. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 05 27;15(5). Epub 2022 May 27.

Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2022 May 20:1-10. Epub 2022 May 20.

1Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital universitaire Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France.

Objective: The authors' objective was to study clinical, imaging, and neuropsychological changes in children who underwent surgery for a temporal arachnoid cyst (TAC).

Methods: Thirty-four children were prospectively assessed similarly at diagnosis and postoperatively (mean 14 months) with clinic visits, images, cognitive tests, and parental questionnaires on mood/behavior and executive functions. The scores were compared pre- and postoperatively for the entire cohort and individually. Read More

JBJS Case Connect 2022 04 1;12(2). Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Case: We report 3 cases of thoracic myelopathy caused by vertebral osteophytes and coexisting intradural spinal arachnoid cyst (SAC), which was difficult to diagnose on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Intraoperative ultrasound sonography revealed spinal cord impingement because of osteophytes and a pulsating intradural SAC. Repeated pincer compression on the spinal cord seemed to be associated with their paraparetic symptoms. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022 May 8. Epub 2022 May 8.

National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.

Background: As the volume and fidelity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain increase, observation of incidental findings may also increase. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of various incidental findings.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS were searched from inception to May 24, 2021. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 May 4;164:106-113. Epub 2022 May 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

Background: We present a case series of 7 patients with intraventricular arachnoid cysts of lateral ventricle managed with endoscopic treatment with proposed classification of the cyst based on anatomic extent.

Methods: In all patients, the lateral ventricle arachnoid cyst was primarily located in the trigone and body of the lateral ventricle. Proposed classification is based on extension of the arachnoid cyst. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2022 15;13:156. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait.

Background: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are benign, congenital, fluid-filled collection between two layers of the arachnoid membrane accounting for about 1% of all the intracranial space occupying lesions. These lesions are usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography scan imaging (CT). However, these lesions can present as spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) causing neurological deficits that require neurosurgical intervention. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2022 31;13:112. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.

Background: Although endoscopic ventriculo-cysto-cisternostomy is considered to be effective for suprasellar arachnoid cysts, we encountered a giant suprasellar arachnoid cyst that recurred despite surgery using this technique.

Case Description: The patient was a 9-month-old boy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge suprasellar arachnoid cyst extending from the suprasellar region to the anterior skull base and both middle cranial fossa. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2022 Apr 23. Epub 2022 Apr 23.

Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

Aim: This study is aimed to show the difference between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) values in migraine patients with and without arachnoid cysts from migraine patients and control groups, and to evaluate the relationship with the arachnoid cyst size on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their clinical severity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included pediatric patients who were previously diagnosed with migraine and the control group. The patients consist of 3 groups. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2022 May 1;36(3):1173-1178. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Littleton Equine Medical Center, Littleton, Colorado, USA.

A neonatal Dutch Warmblood colt was evaluated for inability to stand, incoordination and intention tremor. Despite partial improvement in clinical signs during the first 4 days of hospitalization, neurological deficits remained. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a unilateral infratentorial arachnoid cyst-like lesion with ipsilateral compression and displacement of the cerebellar hemisphere, absent corpus collosum, polymicrogyria, suspect leukoencephalopathy, and noncompressive occipitoatlantal malformation. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 Jun 18;162:74-76. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Infantile choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) associated with multiple peritumoral cysts is a rare variant of CPP, and clinical course and optimal management are largely unknown. A 9-month-old boy presented with a large solid tumor in the left lateral ventricle associated with multiple peritumoral cysts, arachnoid cysts, and hydrocephalus containing xanthochromic fluid with high protein content. Shrinkage of these cysts and resolution of hydrocephalus were achieved after total resection of the hypervascular solid part of the tumor. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 Jul 17;163:e106-e112. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background: Sacral cysts are classically divided into Tarlov cysts and meningeal diverticula. However, the pathogenesis of sacral cysts remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify a novel type of sacral extradural spinal meningeal cyst with a specific arachnoidal structure. Read More

Orbit 2022 Mar 17:1-5. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Aravind Eye Hospital and PG Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India.

Epidermal nevus syndrome is a rare congenital disorder affecting only a few hundred people in the world. It has ophthalmic, dermatological, and neurological manifestations, with varied presentation. Here, we report a case of two-year-old child who presented with epibulbar mass in left eye, pigmented nevi over left side of the body and alopecia over left side of parieto-temporal scalp. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 9;14(2):e22053. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.

Spinal intradural arachnoid cysts (SAC) are non-neoplastic lesions that can cause spinal cord compression and present with myelopathy, radiculopathy, and/or back pain. Because these cysts typically span multiple levels, endoscopy could be a useful tool to avoid wide exposure. We present an 8-year-old patient with a history of gait imbalance and urinary incontinence who was found to have a SAC spanning C7 to T6 causing spinal cord compression. Read More

Neurosurgery 2022 05;90(5):e116

Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Neurosurgery 2022 05;90(5):581-587

Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Background: Dorsal arachnoid webs (DAWs) are rare pathological abnormalities of the arachnoid layer of the spinal cord that can result in pain and myelopathy.

Objective: To present clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with DAW, case illustrations, and a review of the literature.

Methods: Seventeen cases of DAW between 2015 and 2019 at a tertiary medical center were retrospectively identified through a case log search. Read More

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2022 03 14;8(1):31. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Muthoot Hospital, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India.

Background: Intradural cysts of the spine are arachnoid cysts, neuroenteric cysts, and ependymal cysts. The usual finding in case of a neurenteric cyst is a ventrally located non-contrast-enhancing lesion that is isointense on T1-weighted sequence and hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging. An arachnoid cyst is hypointense in T1-weighted image and hyperintense in T2-weighted image, mimicking cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), and the location is dorsal to the cord. Read More

Pediatr Neurosurg 2022 8;57(3):184-190. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, Harasanshin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Introduction: The retained medullary cord (RMC) is a newly defined entity of closed spinal dysraphism that is thought to originate from regression failure of the medullary cord during the last phase of secondary neurulation. The terminal myelocystocele (TMC) is an unusual type of closed spinal dysraphism, characterized by localized cystic dilatation of the terminal part of the central canal that then herniates through a posterior spinal bifida. The co-occurrence of RMC and TMC is extremely rare. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 03;159:237-239

Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

World Neurosurg 2022 May 4;161:135. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India. Electronic address:

Quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts (ACs) are usually asymptomatic, may be accidental findings during radiological evaluation, and are rare (5%-10% of all intracranial ACs). We report a case of type I quadrigeminal cistern AC managed via navigation-guided cystoventriculostomy followed by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (Video 1). A 0° rod-lens endoscope was used. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 May 23;161:e625-e634. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network/Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Sellar arachnoid cysts (SACs) are rare lesions that require treatment only if symptomatic. The endoscopic endonasal approach has been widely used. Despite their simple cystic appearance and the straight-forward surgical intervention, important associated risks exist, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak the prevalent risk. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2022 Mar;44(3):207-211

Departments of Pathology and.

Abstract: Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. These tumors predominantly arise from the neural crest-derived meningothelial cells of the arachnoid dural layer. Intracranial meningiomas are stratified with the World Health Organization classification of tumors. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2021 Dec;71(Suppl 8)(12):S190

Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.

To assess the effectiveness of MRI in identifying the spectrum of corpus callosum anomalies in epileptic paediatric patients, a descriptive case series was studied in the General Paediatric Hospital, Baghdad from March 2017 to March 2020.A total of 52 patients with ages ranging from 4 months to 14 years were included. The Imaging criteria included MRI evaluation showing spectrum of anomalies involving the corpus callosum with malformation of cortical development, lipoma, Dandy Walker syndrome and Chiari malformation. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2022 Jan;10(3):1056-1066

Department of Neurology, Hebei Children's Hospital, Hebei Children's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China.

Background: Mutations in the () gene can lead to impaired glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, which, in turn, causes congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). The clinical phenotypes of CMD are broad, and there are only a few reports of CMD worldwide.

Case Summary: This report describes the cases of two children with CMD caused by gene mutation. Read More