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Jpn J Radiol 2021 May 29. Epub 2021 May 29.

Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.

Purpose: To identify magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC) imaging findings related to Gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) leakage into the subarachnoid space.

Materials And Methods: The number of voxels of GBCA leakage (V-leak) on 3D-real inversion recovery images was measured in 56 patients scanned 4 h post-intravenous GBCA injection. Bridging veins (BVs) were identified on MRC. Read More

R I Med J (2013) 2021 Jun 1;104(5):40-43. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.

Introduction: Arachnoid cysts are a common incidental finding on head imaging. While the natural history of these cysts in poorly described, hemorrhage with subdural hygroma formation is rare. We review the clinical course of a patient who developed a subdural hygroma following trauma. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Department of Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Objective: Pediatric sudden sensorineural hearing loss (pSSNHL) is a rare phenomenon. There is currently no consensus on the role of imaging in the work-up for this patient population. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) studies in determining the etiology of pSSNHL. Read More

Acta Biomed 2021 04 30;92(S1):e2021143. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

SDN IRCCS, Naples.

Since 1974, when Wortzman et al were the first to describe a case of idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH), the number of reported cases has increased owing to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) now is routinely available for patients with myelopathy and spinal surgeons are becoming more familiar with this clinical entity. This extremely rare herniation occurs exclusively in the thoracic spine, causing slowly progressive myelopathy. Diagnosis is based on ventral displacement of the spinal cord in the thoracic spine. Read More

Pediatr Rep 2021 Apr 12;13(2):197-202. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.

Torticollis is a clinical diagnosis with heterogeneous causes. We present an unusual case of acquired torticollis in an 8-month-old female infant with a large cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst. Symptoms resolved after surgical fenestration. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2021 17;12:101. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, North Regional Hospital, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.

Background: Extradural spinal arachnoid cysts (SACs) rarely cause neural compression and disability.

Case Description: A 38-year-old female presented with a history of two episodes of falling due to transient weakness in the lower limbs. The neurological examination showed normal motor and sensory function, but hyperreflexia. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Jun 28;16(6):1300-1304. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan.

Arachnoid cysts arising in the quadrigeminal cistern (ACQCs) are uncommon. A 68-year-old woman presented with an unsteady gait, facial spasm, and cerebellar ataxia. Non-contrast head computed tomography showed a cystic mass centered in the quadrigeminal cistern accompanying ventriculomegaly. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 17;9:647364. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

This report describes an 8-year-old male who presented with clinical manifestations including systemic edema, heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and persistent hypocomplementemia. Arachnoid cysts and focal nodular hyperplasia were also detected. Imaging examination and renal biopsy were performed, and Abernethy malformation type II with immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was considered the diagnosis. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Apr 17;81:105789. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address:

Introduction And Importance: Spontaneous hemorrhage of the arachnoid cyst was rare, especially associated with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). In this paper, we reported successful surgical management of arachnoid cyst with spontaneous hemorrhage and associated subdural hematoma.

Case Presentation: A 33-year-old female with no medical history was presented with a headache for one month prior to admission. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Departments of Ophthalmology (TKD, ML, JDT), Radiology (RRL), and Neurosurgery (COM, JDT), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Background: Intracranial arachnoid cysts are common incidental imaging findings. They may rarely rupture, leading to the development of subdural hygromas and high intracranial pressure (ICP). Neurosurgical intervention has been advocated in the past, but recent evidence indicates that most cases resolve spontaneously. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 Jun 13;150:e420-e426. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Objective: To report the outcome of surgical intervention in patients diagnosed with arachnoid cyst (AC) during the last 5 years in Namazi Hospital, a tertiary center in Southern Iran.

Methods: Hospitalization records of patients who had undergone surgical treatment of symptomatic intracranial AC in our center were surveyed retrospectively. Radiologic imaging was extracted from the picture archiving and communication system and analyzed. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e24030

Institute of Spinal Deformity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine if multiple intraspinal anomalies increase the risk of scoliosis correction compared to the normal intraspinal condition or 1 or 2 intraspinal anomalies in congenital scoliosis (CS) and whether correction for multiple intraspinal anomalies need to be performed with preliminary neurosurgical intervention before scoliosis correction.A total of 318 consecutive CS patients who underwent corrective surgery without preliminary neurosurgical intervention at a single institution from 2008 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed, with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to different intraspinal conditions. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2021 10;12:45. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.

Background: We present a rare case of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) caused by an arachnoid cyst (AC) in Meckel's cave (MC).

Case Description: A 35-year-old man presented with facial pain in the left maxillary and mandibular regions. Since the initial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed no apparent offending vessels or tumors, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic TN, for which carbamazepine was initially effective. Read More

Open Vet J 2021 01 7;10(4):384-391. Epub 2020 Nov 7.

Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Runcorn, UK.

Background: Canine spinal subarachnoid diverticulum has been studied since 1968 and a few advancements have been made with regard to the treatment of this disease. Several surgical techniques have been proposed which include durectomy, fenestration, and/or marsupilization with the latter two regarded as the more favorable surgical treatments.

Aim: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the closure of the durotomy incision in the treatment of canine spinal subarachnoid diverticulum. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jan 14;13(1):e12701. Epub 2021 Jan 14.

Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.

Unilateral facial paralysis (FP) in the pediatric population is a rare entity secondary to multiple etiologies including infectious, vascular, and neoplastic. In persistent or recurrent FP, imaging can demonstrate a peripheral facial nerve (FN) lesion. Given the rarity of FN lesions, however, there is limited literature regarding optimal management. Read More

Radiol Bras 2021 Jan-Feb;54(1):49-55

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Intracranial cystic lesions are common findings on neuroimaging examinations, arachnoid cysts being the most common type of such lesions. However, various lesions of congenital, infectious, or vascular origin can present with cysts. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate the main causes of non-neoplastic intracranial cystic lesions, discussing their possible differential diagnoses as well as their most relevant imaging aspects. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2021 Feb 10. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, 100 N. Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA.

Lesions of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) in young children are rare, with the most common being arachnoid cysts and epidermoid inclusion cysts. The authors report a case of an encephalocele containing heterotopic cerebellar tissue arising from the right middle cerebellar peduncle and filling the right internal acoustic canal in a 2-year-old female patient. Her initial presentation included a focal left 6th nerve palsy. Read More

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 02;27(1):225-263

Purpose Of Review: This article reviews the neuroimaging of disorders of the spinal cord and cauda equina, with a focus on MRI. An anatomic approach is used; diseases of the extradural, intradural-extramedullary, and intramedullary (parenchymal) compartments are considered, and both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions are covered. Differentiating imaging features are highlighted. Read More

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 02;27(1):163-184

Purpose Of Review: This article highlights both common structural causes of myelopathy, such as spondylotic disease, and infrequent but treatable causes, such as syringomyelia, spinal cord herniation, arachnoid cyst, arachnoid band and web, epidural lipomatosis, Hirayama disease, and arachnoiditis.

Recent Findings: Neuroimaging improvements and availability have uncovered many structural abnormalities in the spines and spinal cords of patients who were asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Recent published clinical series have improved our knowledge of the natural history of structural abnormalities and the risks of intervention versus conservative management. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2021 Jan 19:1-2. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Cerebral convexity arachnoid cysts (ACs) only represent around 10-14% of the cysts. Symptomatic ACs in the elderly are rare. We present a 66-year-old woman with headache and a focal epileptic seizure. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021 Jan 4:1-8. Epub 2021 Jan 4.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

Objectives: Intracranial arachnoid cysts are commonly characterized as congenital. Evidence to support a congenital origin is scant and documented evolution during infancy also calls into question the genesis of these lesions. To improve our understanding of the natural history and the clinical significance of arachnoid cysts on prenatal ultrasound, we conducted a study to describe the fate of these cysts after initial diagnosis. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2020 Dec 2;82(Pt A):29-31. Epub 2020 Nov 2.

Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.

Purpose: This technical note illustrates microscope integrated optical coherence tomography (iOCT) as an imaging technique to delineate concealed micro anatomical structures not displayable by conventional intraoperative imaging methods in the context of a cerebral arachnoid cyst.

Methods: iOCT was used for the first time to scan a cerebral arachnoid cyst in vivo. Scanning sites were defined at the outer membrane of the arachnoid cyst, the inner membrane at the temporal cortex as well as at the fenestration site to the basal cisterns - a point out of reach and resolution for conventional intraoperative imaging methods like e. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Feb 1;16(2):309-311. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, 201 Lyons Avenue, Newark, NJ, USA.

Arachnoid cysts are benign masses that represent a relatively small percentage of intracranial lesions. Spontaneous rupture of an arachnoid cyst resulting in a subdural hygroma is a very rare event. We report a case of a pediatric patient with a history of an arachnoid cyst and chronic headaches presenting with bilateral papilledema, worsening headaches, and no history of head trauma. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2020 Dec 4:1-4. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Fusiform dilatation of the internal carotid artery (FDCA) is a known postoperative imaging finding after craniopharyngioma resection. FDCA has also been reported following surgery for other lesions in the suprasellar region in pediatric patients and is thought to be due to trauma to the internal carotid artery (ICA) wall during tumor dissection. Here, the authors report 2 cases of pediatric patients with FDCA. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 Feb 23;146:85-89. Epub 2020 Oct 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.

Background: Miyazaki syndrome is overshunting-associated myelopathy, which is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We present the first case of Miyazaki syndrome caused by cystoperitoneal (CP) shunt for an arachnoid cyst (AC) in this report.

Case Description: We report a case of a 42-year-old man with 12-year progressive spastic paraplegia, who underwent CP shunt for an AC at the age of 15 years. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 Feb 24;146:363. Epub 2020 Oct 24.

Neurosurgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. Electronic address:

Premature infants with severe germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage are at high risk of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation and hydrocephalus (Video 1). We report a 4-month-old premature infant with grade III intraventricular hemorrhage and compartmentalized hydrocephalus with an unusual craniospinal cyst. The cyst extended anteriorly from the mesencephalon to the posterior wall of C6, causing severe compression of the brainstem and spinal cord. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2020 Nov;48(11):1059-1065

Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.

Intracranial arachnoid cysts(ACs)are thought to develop during infancy and remain clinically asymptomatic in most cases. AC is often diagnosed incidentally during imaging studies. The prognosis for the recovery of newly developed symptoms is usually favorable. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 12 7;223(6):B42-B46. Epub 2020 Nov 7.

Korean J Neurotrauma 2020 Oct 16;16(2):355-359. Epub 2020 Oct 16.

Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.

Although spinal arachnoid cysts are relatively common findings observed incidentally in adults, they are much rarely reported in children. They are usually asymptomatic and are mainly located in the middle and lower thoracic regions. However, in rare circumstances, these cysts can cause mass effects that lead to neurologic symptoms. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021 Jan 6;82(1):43-52. Epub 2020 Nov 6.

Department of Neurosurgery, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to analyze the demographics, clinical presentation, and surgical outcome of intracranial arachnoid cysts and to review the surgical options.

Methods:  This is a retrospective observational study of 56 cases of symptomatic arachnoid cysts among all age groups treated between 2004 and 2020 at the Bombay Hospital, Mumbai. Endoscopic fenestration, microsurgical cyst excision, and shunt insertion were the interventions performed. Read More