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Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

CAN, 7641, Department of Exercise Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden;

There are limited tools to measure anabolic sensitivity non-invasively in response to acute physiological stimuli, which represents a challenge for research in free-living settings and vulnerable populations. We tested the ability of a stable isotope breath test to detect changes in leucine oxidation (OX) and leucine retention (intake - OX) across a range of anabolic sensitivities. Healthy males ingested a beverage containing 0. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 11. Epub 2022 May 11.

University of Saskatchewan, 7235, Saskatoon, Canada;

Public recreation facilities are preferred gathering places for families to participate in physical, social, intellectual, and creative pursuits, and the importance of food environments in these facilities is gaining recognition. Evidence from other Canadian jurisdictions describes such food environments as unsupportive of health, which contradicts national recreation priorities to have healthy choices as the easy choices. This study aimed to characterize food environments in a convenient sample of Saskatchewan public recreation facilities. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

The University of Texas at Arlington, 12329, Department of Kinesiology, Arlington, United States;

African American (AA) individuals are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular diseases. Plant-based diets (PBD) may be cardioprotective in part through their high antioxidant capacity and low inflammatory load. We tested the hypothesis that AA individuals adhering to a 100% PBD would have better vascular health than AA individuals following a typical American diet (TAD). Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 4. Epub 2022 May 4.

Federal University of Santa Catarina, 28117, Nutrition, Florianopolis, Brazil;

The interest in a diet with a higher proportion of plant-based foods to animal-based foods is a global food pattern trend. However, there are concerns regarding adopting plants as the main dietary protein source to support muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass. These concerns are centred on three issues: lower protein bioavailability due to antinutritional compounds in plants, lower per-serve scores of protein at similar energy intake, and amino acid scores of plants being lower than optimal. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 4;47(5):565-574. Epub 2022 May 4.

Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.

This study aimed to explore the impact of daily mango consumption () on cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota in individuals with overweight and obesity. Changes in cardiometabolic variables, gut microbiota diversity and composition, physical activity habits, and dietary intakes were assessed in 8 males and 19 females with overweight and obesity who consumed 280 g/day of mango pulp for 8 weeks. There were no significant changes in body weight, waist circumference, or plasma lipid levels. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 20. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

University of Waterloo, School of Public Health Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;

Indigenous communities in Canada are concerned about the health of their youth and the reclamation of traditional food-related skills among their people. Food sovereignty has an integral role in food and nutrition security, and the path to Indigenous self-determination. Learning Circles: Local Healthy Food to School was a community engagement model that aimed to enhance access to local, healthy and traditional foods for youth. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 20. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Kinesic Sport Lab, Halifax, Canada;

Evidence-based guidelines represent the highest level of scientific evidence to identify best-practices for clinical/public health. However, the availability of guidelines do not guarantee their use, targeted knowledge translation strategies and tools are necessary to help promote uptake. Following publication of the 2019 Canadian Guideline for Physical Activity throughout Pregnancy, the Get Active Questionnaire for Pregnancy, and an associated Health Care Provider Consultation Form for Prenatal Physical Activity were developed to promote guideline adoption and use amongst pregnant individuals and health care providers. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 20. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

University of Waterloo Department of Kinesiology, 153484, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

The objectives of our study were to understand researchers' current practices and perspectives on adverse event (AE) reporting in clinical trials of resistance training (RT), and identify barriers and facilitators of AE reporting. We conducted web conference or telephone-based one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 14 researchers who have published RT studies in individuals with or without health conditions. We audio-recorded and transcribed the interviews, and analyzed data using the thematic framework method. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 19. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Nippon Sport Science University, 12983, Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Tokyo, Japan.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an enzyme that detoxifies aldehydes and is primarily involved in alcohol metabolism. Recently, we have shown that ALDH also plays an important role in skeletal muscle homeostasis. To better understand the role of ALDH in skeletal muscle, it is necessary to clarify the adaptability of ALDH. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 18. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

University of Central Florida, 6243, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Orlando, Florida, United States;

Echo intensity may associate with indicators of skeletal muscle quality, but investigators often use different methodological approaches that may alter echo intensity when acquiring B-mode ultrasound images. We examined the influence of image depth and gain settings on the interpretation of echo intensity. Thirty-six college-aged males and females participated. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 12;47(5):616. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 8. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 28124, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;

The prevalence of meeting movement guidelines is low in developed countries; however there is a lack of data among medium-income countries, including Brazil. We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of meeting physical activity, screen time, and sleep guidelines in Brazilian adolescents. Employing a cross-sectional design, Brazilian adolescents (aged 12-17) were surveyed about their physical activity levels, sleep, and screen time. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 7. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Harbin Institute of Technology, 47822, Department of Food Science and Engineering, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150001;

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is one of the most important products of lipid peroxidation which induces inflammation. In order to investigate the effect of rice protein (RP) on suppressing HNE-induced inflammation and the role of methionine in regulating the anti-inflammatory function of RP, Wistar rats (male, weighing180-200 g) were ad libitum fed either a pellet diet with oral administration of methionine or ad libitum fed RP for two weeks. RP and methionine significantly reduced HNE levels and effectively suppressed the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 5;47(5):469-481. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

We examined the efficacy of ankle bathing versus aerobic exercise to improve vascular function in young adults who were randomized to aerobic exercise (AE) ( = 13, 40%-60% of heart rate reserve), ankle bathing (AB) ( = 15, 43 °C), or a control condition (CON) ( = 14, ankle bathing, 36 °C) for 40 min. Conduit vessel function [brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)], carotid and femoral artery blood flow and shear rate (SR), and arterial stiffness [carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), augmentation index ([email protected]), β-stiffness index, and arterial compliance] were evaluated. Compared with CON, AE and AB increased FMD at 30 min and 90 min (interaction:  < 0. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 31. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Health Canada, 6348, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;

The impact of caffeinated energy drinks (CED) on the cardiovascular (CV) response to exercise has not been well described. A systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) was conducted on the acute effects of CEDs on CV responses during dynamic, aerobic exercise in 296 healthy adult males (224) and females (72) in 21 randomized controlled trials. During exercise, there was an increase in heart rate (HR) (mean difference (MD), 2. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 31. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Pennsylvania State University, 105 Noll Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802;

The onset of menopause and accompanying changes to ovarian hormones often precedes endothelial dysfunction in women. In particular, accelerated impairments in macrovascular and microvascular function coincides with the loss of estrogen, as does impaired endothelial responses to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. In healthy, early postmenopausal women (n=12; 3. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 29;47(5):615. Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 16;47(5):611-614. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada.

Matched pre-during pandemic comparison (160 children) revealed a substantial reduction in physical activity ( < 0.001, r = 0.83), environmental participation ( = 0. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 15. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

University of Bath, 1555, Department for Heath, Bath, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;

A single bout of cycling or running performed in the evening can reduce postprandial lipaemia (PPL) the following morning, although this is currently unknown for upper-body exercise. The aim of this study was to determine if a bout of arm crank exercise (high-intensity interval [HIIE] or moderate-intensity continuous [MICE]), can attenuate PPL in non-injured individuals. Eleven healthy and recreationally active participants (eight males, three females; age: 27 ± 7 yr; body mass index: 23. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 15. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

University of Ottawa, 6363, Ottawa, Canada, K1N 6N5.

Sex-differences in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate of cardiac autonomic modulation, are evident during rest and exercise in young healthy individuals. However, it remains unclear whether sex impacts HRV during prolonged exercise at differing levels of environmental heat stress. Therefore, we completed a secondary analysis upon the effects of sex and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) on HR and HRV during prolonged exercise. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 10. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

University of Regina, Kinesiology and Health Studies, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;

When considering the impacts of historical trauma and colonization upon the lived realities of Indigenous young people within Canada, it is essential that research uses strengths-based, capacity building approaches to ensure that the voices are heard and that their perspectives and advice can be actioned. A series of participatory workshops with adults and children were conducted within urban geographies to explore health seeking behaviours, health knowledge, and community resiliency. Research took place in Manitoba, Canada (2015-2016, n=36 girls and 24 adults) with First Nations and Métis community members and British Columbia, Canada (2017, n=11 children and 15 adults) with Métis community members. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 8. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

University of Ottawa, 6363, Ottawa, Canada, K1N 6N5.

To mitigate excessive rises in core temperature (>1°C) in non heat-acclimatized workers, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) provide heat stress limits (Action Limit Values; ALV), defined by the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and a worker's metabolic rate. However, since these limits are based on data from men, their suitability for women remains unclear. We therefore assessed core temperature and heart rate in men (n=19; body surface area-to-mass ratio: 250 (SD 17) cm2/kg) and women (n=15; body surface area-to-mass ratio: 268 (SD 24) cm2/kg) aged 18-45 years during 180-min walking at a moderate metabolic rate (200 W/m2) in WBGTs below (16 and 24°C) and above (28 and 32°C) ACGIH ALV. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 28;47(3):296-308. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.

This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effects of co-supplementation with Mg and treadmill exercise on memory deficit in aged rats. Fifty male albino rats (10 young and 40 aged rats) were divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group): young, aged sedentary, aged exercised, aged Mg-supplemented, and aged exercised and Mg-supplemented. Memory was assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Feb 24. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 62710, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;

Unaccustomed exercise causes muscle damage resulting in loss of muscle function, which may be attributable to exercise-induced increases in skeletal muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study examined the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation on recovery of muscle function following exercise. Thirty-two untrained men received MitoQ (20 mg/day) or a placebo for 14 days before performing 300 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles of one leg. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Feb 24. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

University of Calgary , Faculty of Kinesiology, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Canada, T2N 1N4;

Experiencing pain in one leg can alter exercise tolerance and neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) responses in the contralateral leg; however, the corticospinal modulations to non-local experimental pain induced by blood flow occlusion remain unknown. In three randomized visits, thirteen male participants performed 25% of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (25%IMVC) to task failure with one leg preceded by (i) 6-min rest (CON), (ii) cycling at 80% of peak power output until task failure with the contralateral leg (CYCL) or (iii) CYCL followed by blood flow occlusion (OCCL) during 25%IMVC. NMF assessments (IMVC, voluntary activation [VA] and potentiated twitch [Qtw]) were performed at baseline and task failure. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 23;47(3):337-342. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

The purpose of this study was to examine the content of physical activity inputs in Canadian family physician electronic medical records. Of 1 225 948 patients aged 18-64 years, a sample of 1535 patients' charts were reviewed. A minority ( = 148; 9. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Feb 23. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

The Hospital for Sick Children, 7979, Translational Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Very low birth weight infants (VLBW, <1500g) are at elevated risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, later obesity and cardiometabolic disease; if and how neurodevelopmental disorders impact chronic disease risk is poorly understood. The most common neurodevelopmental disorders experienced by VLBW children are those of social-emotional functioning. We compared dietary patterns and body composition between VLBW children with poor vs. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 15;47(5):575-581. Epub 2022 Feb 15.

Infant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have poorer fitness and greater internalizing/externalizing problems compared with typically developing (TD) children. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential mediating role of internalizing/externalizing problems on the relationship between children at risk for DCD (DCDr) and physical fitness. Participants ( = 589) included 288 children with DCDr ( = 4. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 15;47(3):321-327. Epub 2022 Feb 15.

School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fetal experience of famine on the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults. The analysis included 16 594 participants from the Kailuan Study who were free of diabetes at baseline (2006). According to the date of birth, the individuals born on October 1, 1962 - September 30, 1964, were divided into the non-exposed group (used as the reference group), individuals born on October 1, 1959 - September 30, 1961, were divided into the fetal exposure group, and the early childhood exposure group included those born on October 1, 1956 - September 30, 1958. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022 May 11;47(5):555-564. Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.

Obesity-associated inflammation and/or oxidative stress can damage intramuscular proteins and jeopardize muscle integrity. The immunoproteasome (iProt) is vital to remove oxidatively modified proteins, but this function may be compromised with obesity. We sought to elucidate whether diet-induced obesity alters intramuscular iProt content and activity in mice to identify a possible mechanism for impaired muscle proteostasis in the obese state. Read More