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Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Astaxanthin is an important ketocarotenoid with remarkable biological activities and high economic value. In recent times, natural astaxanthin production by microorganisms has attracted much attention particularly in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and feed industries. Though, currently, productivity is still low and has restricted scale-up application in the commercial market, microbial production of astaxanthin has enormous prospects as it is a greener alternative to the predominating chemical synthesis. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India.

L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has application in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, as well as in other malignancies, in addition to its role as a food processing aid for the mitigation of acrylamide formation in the baking industry. Its use in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to problems such as its intrinsic glutaminase activity and associated side effects, leading to an increased interest in the search for novel L-asparaginases without L-glutaminase activity. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Oxidases are a group of oxidoreductases and need molecular oxygen in the catalytic process. Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) can improve the growth and productivity of host cells under hypoxic conditions, rendering it attractive for industrial application. In this work, we demonstrated the addition of immobilized VHb increased the catalytic activity of immobilized D-amino acid oxidase of Trigonopsis variabilis by two-fold when catalyzing cephalosporin C under oxygen-limited conditions. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.

Sequencing technologies are evolving at a rapid pace, enabling the generation of massive amounts of data in multiple dimensions (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomic, metabolomics, proteomics, and single-cell omics) in plants. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Centro de Ciências E Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139.7, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.

This study aims to study the kinetics and mechanisms of human adenovirus inactivation by electron beam. Human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) was inoculated in two types of aqueous substrates (phosphate-buffered saline - PBS, domestic wastewater - WW) treated by electron beam at a dose range between 3 and 21 kGy. Samples were evaluated for virus infectivity, PCR amplification of fragments of HAdV-5 genome and abundance and antigenicity of the virion structural proteins. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, Microbiology Study Program, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Labtek XI Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.

The emergence of Vibrio diseases, including acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio spp., had resulted in heavy losses in global shrimp production. Biofloc technology is a closed aquaculture system developed as one of the sustainable solutions to increase system resilience in the shrimp industry. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.

The 5-membered oxadiazole and thiadiazole scaffolds are the most privileged and well-known heterocycles, being a common and essential feature of a variety of natural products and medicinal agents. These scaffolds take up the center position and are the core structural components of numerous drugs that belong to different categories. These include antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, and anticancer agents. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.

Microbial communities colonising outdoor sculptures form intricate and dynamic ecosystems, which can accelerate the deterioration processes of the artworks and pose challenges to their conservation. In this study, the bacterial and fungal communities colonising the surfaces of five contemporary outdoor sculptures were characterised by high-throughput sequencing. The sculptures, made of marble, granite, Ançã limestone and mortar, are in urban parks and squares in the district of Porto, Portugal. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.

Bacteriophages (phages) have been proposed as promising alternative pesticides against various bacterial diseases of crops. However, the efficacy of phages in managing plant bacterial diseases is variable and poorly understood in natural settings. In this study, two lytic phages, RpT1 and RpY2, were investigated for their biocontrol potential against bacterial wilt by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum invasion in tomato plants. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 13. Epub 2022 May 13.

State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

The depletion of Bacteroides in the gut is closely correlated with the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). This study aimed to identify Bacteroides strains with protective effects against ALD and evaluate the synergistic effects of Bacteroides and pectin in this disease. Mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli alcohol diet to establish an experimental ALD model and pre-treated with 4 Bacteroides strains. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.

Fungi produce several bioactive metabolites, pigments, dyes, antioxidants, polysaccharides, and industrial enzymes. Fungal products are also the primary sources of functional food and nutrition, and their pharmacological products are used for healthy aging. Their molecular properties are validated through the use of recent high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic tools and techniques. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China.

Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (DHAD) plays an important role in the utilization of glycerol or glucose for the production of value-added chemicals in the in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem. The low activity of DHAD in the dehydration of glycerate to pyruvate hampers its applications in biosystems. Protein engineering of a thermophilic DHAD from Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsDHAD) was performed to increase its dehydration activity. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 11. Epub 2022 May 11.

Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.

The fungal communities provide the nutrients and drive the cycles of elements in nature, and the rare fungal taxa are proved to be crucial for these communities in many environments. However, the ecological functions of rare taxa for the fungal communities in mangrove ecosystems are poorly assessed until now. This work aims to reveal the importance of rare taxa for the assembly of fungal communities in mangrove sediments by using the amplicon sequencing analysis of different spatiotemporal samples collected from Sanya mangroves, China. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 11. Epub 2022 May 11.

Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.

Methylotrophic yeasts have been widely recognized as a promising host for production of recombinant proteins and value-added chemicals. Promoters for controlled gene expression are critical for construction of efficient methylotrophic yeasts cell factories. Here, we summarized recent advances in characterizing and engineering promoters in methylotrophic yeasts, such as Komagataella phaffii and Ogataea polymorpha. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 10. Epub 2022 May 10.

Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.

Giardia cysts exposed to short sublethal ozonation in lake waters continue to die-off well after the ozone complete dissipation. This delayed inactivation can be the manifestation of injured cysts' mortality, which the traditional Chick-Watson-Hom type models of disinfection do not account for. But it can be described by a slightly modified version of a general microbial survival model adapted for injured cysts or other targeted microorganisms surviving disinfection. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 10. Epub 2022 May 10.

National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.

Urethanase (EC 3.5.1. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 10. Epub 2022 May 10.

Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, and School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China.

The limited bioavailability of PAHs in non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) limits their degradation. The biodegradation of phenanthrene in n-tetradecane by hydrophilic bacterium Moraxella sp. CFP312 was studied with the assistance of two polymers, chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 7. Epub 2022 May 7.

Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, and Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.

Wound infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a great challenge which has caused significant burden and economic loss to the medical system. NZ2114, a plectasin-derived peptide, is an antibacterial agent for preventing and treating S. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 7. Epub 2022 May 7.

The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, China.

Subunit vaccines with high purity and safety are gradually becoming a main trend in vaccinology. However, adjuvants such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are required to enhance immune responses of subunit vaccines due to their poor immunogenicity. The conjugation of antigen with adjuvant can induce more potent immune responses compared to the mixture of antigen and adjuvant. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.

Antibiotics usage is a double-edged sword among the production promotion and environmental aggravation of aquaculture system. In this study, the effects of sulfadiazine addition on algal-bacterial-based aquaponic (AA) system were thoroughly investigated. Results showed that sulfadiazine addition increased the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) recovery of AA system by 1. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Algal Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.

As an alternative to chemical building blocks derived from algal biomass, the excretion of glycolate has been proposed. This process has been observed in green algae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a product of the photorespiratory pathway. Photorespiration generally occurs at low CO and high O concentrations, through the key enzyme RubisCO initiating the pathway via oxygenation of 1. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an excellent candidate for novel biocatalytic processes based on the capture and utilization of CO. The setup of efficient methods for enzyme immobilization makes CA utilization in continuous bioreactors increasingly attractive and opens up new opportunities for the industrial use of CA. The development of efficient processes for CO capture and utilization (CCU) is one of the most challenging targets of modern chemical reaction engineering. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.

Plectasin is a promising and potent antimicrobial peptide isolated from the fungus Pseudoplectania nigrella which has been heterologously expressed in various hosts. In this study, a four-copy cassette of plectasin was constructed via 2A peptide assembly to further increase its expression level in recombinant Pichia pastoris. The yeast transformant 4Ple-61 harboring four-copy cassette of plectasin could secrete 183. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, promoting the balance between growth and lipid synthesis. However, the accumulation of microbial lipids involves multiple pathways, which requires the analysis of the global cellular metabolic network in which amino acid metabolism is involved. This review illustrates the dependence patterns of intracellular amino acids and lipids of oleaginous eukaryotic microorganisms in different environments and points out the contribution of amino acid metabolic precursors to the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is ubiquitous in the earth's lithosphere and brings the inspiration of bionic cementation technology. Over recent years, MICP has been proposed as a potential solution to address many environmental and engineering issues. However, the stability of cemented precipitations generated via MICP technology, especially the characteristics and change mechanism of crystal forms, is still unclear, which substantially hindered the understanding of biomineralization and prohibited the application and upscaling of MICP technology. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory On Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.

A mass of nanocarriers have been exploited and utilized for prevention of fungi, including organic nanomaterials, inorganic nanoparticles, polypeptides, and viruses. Due to biological safety and flexible genetic engineering property, bacteriophages, as bionanoparticles, are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of microorganisms, which can be easily loaded with proteins and drugs. In particular, random DNAs can be inserted into the genome of phage by phage display technology, and it is possible to obtain the peptide/antibody targeting fungi from phage library. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 Apr 30. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznan, Poland.

Yarrowia lipolytica is a popular yeast species employed in multiple biotechnological production processes. High resistance to extreme environmental conditions or metabolic burden triggered by synthetically forced over-synthesis of a target metabolite has its practical consequences. The proud status of an "industrial workhorse" that Y. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 Apr 30. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea.

Autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a quorum-sensing signal molecule from the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, was assessed for its effect on the gut microbiome of mice. For this, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing to compare the gut microbiome of mice infected with either wild-type V. vulnificus or with the isotype ΔluxS that has a deletion in luxS which encodes the biosynthetic function of AI-2. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 Apr 30. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) E Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 461, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of microorganisms of utmost interest in agricultural biotechnology for their stimulatory and protective effects on plants. Among the various PGPR species, some Pseudomonas putida strains combine outstanding traits such as phytohormone synthesis, nutrient solubilization, adaptation to different stress conditions, and excellent root colonization ability. In this review, we summarize the state of the art and the most relevant findings related to P. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 Apr 29. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics of Education Ministry of China, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.

Aquatic pathogens, including Vibrio, Edwardsiella, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas, which could result in bacterial diseases to aquaculture, have seriously threatened the world aquaculture production. Marine-derived fungi, which could produce novel secondary metabolites with significant antibacterial activity, may be an important source for finding effective agents against aquatic pathogens. In this review, a systematically overview of the harm of several aquatic pathogens, and 134 antibacterial secondary metabolites against aquatic pathogens from 13 genera of marine-derived fungi, were summarized and concluded. Read More