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2016 31;52(2):121-137. Epub 2016 Mar 31.

Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia.

Cytokines are a family of signaling polypeptides involved in intercellular interactions in the process of the immune response, as well as in the regulation of a number of normal physiological functions. Cytokines are used in medicine for the treatment of cancer, immune disorders, viral infections, and other socially significant diseases, but the extent of their use is limited by the high production cost of the active agent. The development of this area of pharmacology is associated with the success of genetic engineering, which allows the production of significant amounts of protein by transgenic organisms. Read More

2010 12;46(9):815-830. Epub 2010 Nov 12.

Research Institute of Influenza, North Western Division, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia.

This article analyzes the current situation in the field of construction and production of pandemic influenza vaccines. The main task of protecting the population against influenza pandemics requires state-of-the-art approaches to the construction of influenza vaccines to be based on reassortment and genetic engineering techniques, including the analysis of primary structures of influenza viral genes, synthesis and cloning of the main viral genes, reverse genetics techniques, and banks of plasmids bearing basic viral genes. Reassortant technologies are now giving way to new approaches for objective reasons. Read More