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Appetite 2022 May 18:106088. Epub 2022 May 18.

Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany. Electronic address:

We aimed to describe differences in taste sensitivity in children according to age across 7- to 11-year-old children from eight European countries. We further compared taste sensitivity between boys vs. girls and under-/normal weight vs. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 16:106087. Epub 2022 May 16.

School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) are prevalent conditions that are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that the use of pharmacotherapy alongside behavioural treatments can improve quality of life and reduce disease risk for patients with these disorders. However, there are few approved drug therapies for obesity, and these are limited by poor efficacy and/or side effects and only one drug has been approved for the treatment of BED. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 15;175:106082. Epub 2022 May 15.

Department of Business Administration, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea. Electronic address:

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered growing public interest in veganism, veganism's conceptualization remains ambiguous. Moreover, vegans' and nonvegans' different perspectives have rarely been addressed. Hence, this study involved the opinions of both vegans and nonvegans in the COVID-19 context to understand their attitudes, motivations, and opinions related to veganism. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 14:106084. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18b Trumpington Rd, CB2 8AH, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Elizabeth House, CB21 5EF, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science - Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address:

Health warning labels (HWLs) show promise in reducing motivation towards energy-dense snack foods. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could optimise their effectiveness. In two experimental studies in general population samples (Study 1 n = 90; Study 2 n = 1382), we compared the effects of HWLs and irrelevant aversive labels (IALs) on implicit (approach) motivation towards unhealthy snacks, using an approach-avoidance task (Study 1), and a manikin task (Study 2). Read More

Appetite 2022 May 14:106083. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Hochschule für Gesundheit und Medizin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: High automaticity in healthy nutrition behaviors is related to long-term maintenance of these behaviors. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks of habit formation, proposed antecedents such as intrinsic reward, anticipated regret, and self-efficacy are important correlates of automaticity, but not much is known about their day-by-day relationships with automaticity in healthy nutrition behaviors. This study tested previous-day within-person (i. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 13:106080. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Responsive parenting (RP) interventions reduce rapid infant weight gain but their effect for underserved populations is largely unknown. The Sleep SAAF (Strong African American Families) study is a two-arm randomized clinical trial for primiparous African American mother-infant dyads that compares an RP intervention to a child safety control over the first 16 weeks postpartum. Here we report on intervention effects on rapid infant weight gain and study implementation. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 13:106079. Epub 2022 May 13.

University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Miami, FL, USA.

Background: Prevalence of certain disordered eating behaviors is higher among Hispanic youth compared to non-Hispanics. Understanding the role of body image and social attitudes towards weight in disordered eating may inform treatment in Hispanic youth.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth). Read More

Appetite 2022 May 12:106081. Epub 2022 May 12.

Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address:

This qualitative study, framed by social identity theory, examines how self-identified vegans and vegetarians negotiate diet-related social norm conflicts within their social networks. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews with 18- to 58-year-old vegans and vegetarians who represented five nationalities were analysed inductively through thematic analysis. According to the results, social norm conflicts occurred in contexts where tense family relations or boundaries between in-group and out-group were salient. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 12;175:106073. Epub 2022 May 12.

University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.

Alexithymia has been linked to various excessive behaviors as a likely risk factor, including binge eating. Such relationships are often attributed to deficient emotional self-regulation in alexithymia, ostensibly leading to the use of maladaptive, externalized behaviors as strategies for coping with distress. An alternative view is that alexithymia reflects a fundamental deficit of interoceptive awareness that, in the case of binge eating, would suggest that internal satiety cues are poorly recognized, promoting overconsumption. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 11;175:106076. Epub 2022 May 11.

Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. Electronic address:

Generally, people prefer to dine in beautiful environments. Previous studies have reported that environmental factors affect an individual's perception of food; however, little is known about the effect of environmental aesthetics on food perception. In Experiment 1, we used photographs of restaurant (1a) or non-restaurant (1b) environments with high or low aesthetic value, paired with images of foods, and participants were asked to rate the visual, olfactory, and gustatory aesthetic value of the food. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 10;175:106042. Epub 2022 May 10.

College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Electronic address:

Understanding how social context is associated with behaviors can indicate circumstances when behaviors are more likely to occur. In this study 29,995 ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys from 805 participants were analyzed to determine the social context of when eating, drinking, physical activity behaviors, and none of those behaviors (not eating, drinking, or being physically active, "none") occurred. Within-person results indicated that participants had lower odds of reporting eating (OR = 0. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 7:106077. Epub 2022 May 7.

Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA.

Background: The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) operationalizes food addiction (FA) by applying the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM 5) criteria for substance use disorder (SUD) to the overconsumption of highly processed foods. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 7:106005. Epub 2022 May 7.

Club Expert en Nutrition et en Alimentation, France.

The objective of this exploratory study was to examine whether the number of foods offered has an impact on plate waste and meal satisfaction in adolescents' school canteens. The plate waste of 247 French students was estimated during two school lunches, the only variation being the number of starters offered (3 versus 6). Plate waste was assessed by the weight of food left on the tray. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 6;175:106078. Epub 2022 May 6.

Behaviour and Wellbeing Science, WMG, University of Warwick, UK; Weight Management Services, Specialist Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK. Electronic address:

The current research examines the relationships between mothers' experiences of the ways in which they were provided food as a child, their current eating behaviours, and their use of coercive food parenting practices with their own child. Mothers (N = 907 (M = 37 years, SD = 7.7)) completed an online/paper survey that included validated measures of food parenting practices and eating behaviours. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 5;175:106059. Epub 2022 May 5.

Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin Street, Suite 2107, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings Global School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. Electronic address:

Despite growing evidence that warning labels reduce purchases of sugary drinks, less is known about warnings' impact on purchases of sugary snacks. This paper aimed to experimentally test whether a front-of-package label warning about high sugar content ("sugar warning label") would reduce parents' likelihood of selecting a labeled snack versus a non-labeled snack for their child in a food store setting. Participants (n = 2,219 parents of at least one child aged 1-5y) were recruited via an online panel and asked to complete a shopping task in a virtual convenience store. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 5;175:106074. Epub 2022 May 5.

Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing, 400715, China. Electronic address:

Episodic memory formation is fundamental to cognition and plays a key role in eating behaviors, indirectly promoting the maintenance and acceleration of weight gain. Impaired episodic memory function is a hallmark of people with overweight/obesity, nevertheless, little research has been conducted to explore the effects of overweight/obesity on neural networks associated with episodic memory. The current study aimed to unravel the behavioral responses and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the episodic memory for food and non-food cues in females with overweight/obesity. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 5;175:106075. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute of Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: Emerging research has found that some young adults report vaping nicotine to control appetite and lose weight. Yet, there is little research on how young adults use vaping to manage weight, where they learn about weight-motivated vaping, and the role that food and weight motivations play in decisions to vape.

Methods: We conducted one-on-one qualitative interviews with young adults aged 18-25 years old in Los Angeles, California (N = 62) from June 2018 to June 2019, who self-reported using e-cigarettes on a weekly basis or more for at least 5 months prior to study enrollment. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 2;175:106063. Epub 2022 May 2.

School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Ovarian hormonal changes along the female menstrual cycle are believed to adapt women to the external environment through various adaptive strategies, including modulating appetite and eating behavior. We aimed to compare food-associated behavioral responses between two distinct menstrual phases (late follicular vs. mid-luteal) and investigate the underlying neural mechanism. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 29:106062. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee, 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

Identifying beneficial foods in the environment, while avoiding ingesting something toxic is a crucial task humans face on a daily basis. Here we directly examined adults' implicit and explicit safety evaluations of the same foods presented with different degrees of processing, ranging from unprocessed (raw) to processed (cut or cooked). Moreover, we investigated whether individual characteristics (e. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 30;175:106072. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Little is known about how adolescent best friends may affect each other's food intake. This study explored whether friendship selection and socialization mechanisms explained potential food intake similarities in adolescent reciprocated best friend dyads. We also tested whether socialization processes were moderated by dyad member's relative zBMI. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 29;175:106019. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

Objective: Food craving, restrained eating, hunger, and negative emotions may predict and reinforce one another. However, less is known about how they interact together as a complex system in daily life. Therefore, we used a dynamic network approach to examine the associations between food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions in daily life. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 29;175:106071. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

The family meal has been recognised as an integral part of family life. With the positive health outcomes associated with the family meal, it has been proposed as a strategy for encouraging health-promoting behaviours. However, a detailed understanding of the physical and mental work required to execute the family meal is lacking. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 26;175:106043. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Health Professions, Manchester, M15 6BH, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Meat substitutes using alternative proteins can facilitate sustainable diets without compromising animal welfare. The fungal protein, also called mycoprotein is the biomass that results from the fermentation of a filamentous fungus. This paper reports the results of a consumer acceptance study of fungal protein-based meat substitutes using a mixed-method design with a web-based survey and a series of semi-structured interviews amongst European participants. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 26;175:106052. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

Dr. Leann Birch, an innovator in the field of children's eating behavior, was the first scientist to synergize the fields of developmental psychology and nutrition science. One of Leann's groundbreaking projects was the Girls' NEEDS Project (GNP), an NIH-funded observational study of the longitudinal development of eating and weight-related behaviors of girls across middle childhood and adolescence. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 25;175:106060. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Australia. Electronic address:

Young Australian adults exhibit poor food behaviour however, there is limited research as to why young adults choose to eat healthy or unhealthy foods. This study aimed to explore how young adults' (18-30 years) in Australia classify foods as healthy and unhealthy. Through a social-constructivist approach, 38 young adults (76% females and 21% males; mean age = 24. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 22;175:106061. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address:

Accumulating evidence suggests that parental feeding practices during childhood are related to adults' eating behaviors and weight status, but research exploring these relationships is largely conducted in Western contexts. However, China, a country that holds the largest world population, has distinct patterns of eating habits and food culture from Western countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine relationships between retrospective parental feeding practices (e. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 22;175:106046. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Departamento de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil. Electronic address:

Recent studies have suggested that glial cells, especially astrocytes, are involved in balanced hydromineral modulation. In response to increased extracellular Na concentration, astrocytic Na channels are activated, promoting lactate production and release. Furthermore, previous in vitro studies have suggested that lactate and hypertonic Na + solution activate SFO GABAergic neurons involved in the salt-appetite central pathways. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 20;175:106057. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Attentional bias (AB) to food after bariatric surgery might be a cognitive marker for weight regain. The visual probe task (VPT) is commonly used to capture AB at automatic, pre-conscious, and conscious orientation of attention. The aim of this study was to investigate how the preoperative BMI of patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) impacts AB to food. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 20;175:106049. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Economic Research, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands.

Restaurants are characterized by high levels of meat being consumed in this out-of-home setting, while plant-based meat alternatives remain a niche product, thus preserving a high environmental impact of food consumption. We tested whether subtly re-designing the restaurant menu, so that plant-based meat alternatives were perceived as the default to a greater extent, increased consumer selection of plant-based meat alternatives. Consumers' freedom of choice was preserved by leaving all choice options on the menu. Read More

Appetite 2022 Apr 20;175:106053. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

The social facilitation of eating refers to people's tendency to eat more food when dining with others than when dining alone. Recent research suggests that social facilitation may be driven by people's tendency to make more food available even before social meals begin, a phenomenon referred to as social "precilitation." In order to uncover the mechanisms underlying social precilitation, it is helpful to first understand whether people consciously and deliberately make more food available for social meals. Read More