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Apoptosis 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Forensic Medicine Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, No. 2, Misaq Alley, Behesht St, District 12, Tehran, Iran.

To evaluate the incidence of apoptosis within the testes of patients who died from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications, testis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n = 6) and negative men (n = 6). They were then taken for histopathological experiments, and RNA extraction, to examine the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), BAX, BCL2 and Caspase3 genes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and glutathione disulfide (GSH) activity were also thoroughly examined. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 May 22. Epub 2021 May 22.

Remodeling Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires (HIBA), Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI), Potosí 4240, C1199ACL, CABA, Argentina.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent malignant bone tumor, affecting predominantly children. Metastases represent a major clinical challenge and an estimated 80% would present undetectable micrometastases at diagnosis. The identification of metastatic traits and molecules would impact in micrometastasis management. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 May 17. Epub 2021 May 17.

Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.

Extended exposure to low pO has multiple effects on signaling cascades. Despite multiple exploratory studies, omics studies elucidating the signaling cascades essential for surviving extended low pO exposures are lacking. In this study, we simulated low pO (P = 40 kPa; 7620 m) exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 3, 7 and 14 days. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.

A steatotic liver is increasingly vulnerable to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and the underlying mechanisms are incompletely defined. Caspases are endo-proteases, which provide critical regulatory connections between cell death and inflammation. Caspase 1 is driven by inflammasomes which are key signaling platforms, that detect sterile stressors (DAMPs), releasing the highly pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin IL-8 and IL-1β. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionary conserved 'stress-response' proteins that facilitate cell survival against various adverse conditions. HSP-mediated cytoprotection was hitherto reported to occur principally in two ways. Firstly, HSPs interact directly or indirectly with apoptosis signaling components and suppress apoptosis. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is an endogenous lectin with key pro-resolving roles, including induction of T-cell apoptosis and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Despite considerable progress, the relevance of Gal-1-induced T-cell death in inflamed tissue from human IBD patients has not been ascertained. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, 126th Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to participate in regulating gene expression and are related to tumor progression. FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1) facilitates the progression of various tumors. However, the expression and function of FGD5-AS1 in ovarian cancer (OC) and its mechanism of action are not yet clear. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Apr 27. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.

Caspase-mediated cleavage of proteins ensures the irreversible commitment of cells to undergo apoptosis, and is thus a hallmark of apoptosis. Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (rictor) functions primarily as a core and essential component of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) to critically regulate cellular homeostasis. However, its role in the regulation of apoptosis is largely unknown. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Apr 24. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and a member of the bHLH/PAS (basic Helix-Loop-Helix/Per-Arnt-Sim) family of proteins. The AhR was cloned and characterized for its role in mediating the toxicity of dioxins. Subsequent research has identified the role of AhR in suppression of cancer cell growth. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Apr 23. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Faculty of Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.

Apoptosis 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.

Mitosis, under the control of the microtubule-based mitotic spindle, is an attractive target for anti-cancer treatments, as cancer cells undergo frequent and uncontrolled cell divisions. Microtubule targeting agents that disrupt mitosis or single molecule inhibitors of mitotic kinases or microtubule motors kill cancer cells with a high efficacy. These treatments have, nevertheless, severe disadvantages: they also target frequently dividing healthy tissues, such as the haematopoietic system, and they often lose their efficacy due to primary or acquired resistance mechanisms. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.

Tuberous sclerosis, angiomyolipoma and lymphangioleiomyomatosis are a group of diseases characterized by mutation in tuberous sclerosis genes (TSC 1-2). TSC mutation leads to continuous activation of the mTOR pathway that requires adaptation to increased ATP requirement. With limited treatment options, there is an increasing demand to identify novel therapeutic targets and to understand the correlations between mTOR pathway activation and the lack of cell death in the presence of TSC mutation. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.

Immune adaptor protein like STING/MITA regulate innate immune response and plays a critical role in inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and regulation of metastasis including breast cancer. Chromosomal instability in highly metastatic cells releases fragmented chromosomal parts in the cytoplasm, hence the activation of STING via an increased level of cyclic dinucleotides (cDNs) synthesized by cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Cyclic dinucleotides 2' 3'-cGAMP and it's analog can potentially activate STING mediated pathways leading to nuclear translocation of p65 and IRF-3 and transcription of inflammatory genes. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Apr 3. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with still poor therapy outcomes. δ-tocotrienol (δ-TT) is a vitamin E derivative displaying potent anti-cancer properties. Previously, we demonstrated that δ-TT triggers apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.

P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member of the BCL-2 family, is a direct transcriptional target of P53 that elicits mitochondrial apoptosis under treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. It also induces excessive apoptosis in cardiovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases. PUMA has been found to play a critical role in ovarian apoptosis. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Mar 29. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.

Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs are closely implicated in lung carcinogenesis. Herein, we explored the expression pattern of miR-30b-5p in lung cancer, and aimed to uncover miR-30b-5p roles in lung cancer progression and drug resistance. miR-30b-5p expression profiles in lung cancer tissues and the matched non-tumor tissues were determined by using qPCR. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 04 9;26(3-4):163-183. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a marker of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Maintaining the function of mitochondria is important for improving the survival of neurons and maintaining neuronal function. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 04 18;26(3-4):219-231. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant cancer of the hematopoietic system. Although the effectiveness of arsenic compounds has been recognized and applied clinically, some patients are still found resistant to this chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated that a synthetic thyroid hormone analog (TA), 2-iodo-4-nitro-1-(o-tolyloxy) benzene, had a strong apoptosis effect on U937 cells. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 04 16;26(3-4):150-151. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, Nanjing, 210008, China.

Apoptosis 2021 04 13;26(3-4):152-162. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules which foment inflammation and are associated with disorders in sepsis and cancer. Thus, therapeutically targeting DAMPs has potential to provide novel and effective treatments. When establishing anti-DAMP strategies, it is important not only to focus on the DAMPs as inflammatory mediators but also to take into account the underlying mechanisms of their release from cells and tissues. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 04 3;26(3-4):209-218. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.

Apoptosis plays an essential role in the pathophysiologic processes of rheumatoid arthritis. A molecular probe that allows spatiotemporal observation of apoptosis in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo concomitantly would be useful to monitoring or predicting pathophysiologic stages. In this study we investigated whether cyclic apoptosis-targeting peptide-1 (ApoPep-1) can be used as an apoptosis imaging probe in inflammatory arthritis. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 04 19;26(3-4):147-149. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519040, China.

Apoptosis 2021 02 19;26(1-2):24-37. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.

Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a highly effective and multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis that is mainly expressed in postmitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells. ARC contains a C-terminal region rich in proline and glutamic acid residues and an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). The CARD is originally described as a protein-binding motif that interacts with caspase through a CARD-CARD interaction. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 04 7;26(3-4):195-208. Epub 2021 Feb 7.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a blood system disease caused by the accumulation of a large number of immature blood cells in bone marrow. Although the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic has reached a high level of complete remission rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate, the occurrence of various adverse reactions still severely affects the quality of life of patients. As a natural product, honokiol (HNK) has the advantages of low toxicity and high efficiency, and it is a potential drug for the treatment of cancer. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 Feb 3;26(1-2). Epub 2021 Feb 3.

The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.

Apoptosis 2021 04 30;26(3-4):184-194. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University, Room# A-3080, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.

Previously we have shown inhibition of endometrial cancer cell growth with progesterone and calcitriol. However, the mechanisms by which the two agents attenuate proliferation have not been well characterized yet. Herein, we investigated how progesterone and calcitriol induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 02 29;26(1-2):7-8. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Some viruses are known to be associated with increased apoptosis. Apoptotic cell death triggered by these viruses has a complex role in host antiviral immunity, and might facilitate the viral clearance or act as a mechanism for virus-induced tissue injury and disease progression. The induction of apoptosis is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 02 11;26(1-2):132-145. Epub 2021 Jan 11.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

Recent advancements in live cell imaging technologies have identified the phenomenon of intracellular propagation of late apoptotic events, such as cytochrome c release and caspase activation. The mechanism, prevalence, and speed of apoptosis propagation remain unclear. Additionally, no studies have demonstrated propagation of the pro-apoptotic protein, BAX. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 02 3;26(1-2):111-131. Epub 2021 Jan 3.

Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China.

HS is actual an endogenous signaling gas molecule and involved in a range of cell physiological processes. However, the mechanism of endogenous HS regulating autophagy and apoptosis has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we try to address this issue by using a HS probe, (E)-2-(4-(4-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-styryl)-1, 3, 3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide (CPC), which could react with endogenous HS. Read More

Apoptosis 2021 02 2;26(1-2):83-95. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

We previously showed that fluorizoline, a fluorinated thiazoline compound, binds to both subunits of the mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB) complex, PHB1 and PHB2, being the expression of these proteins required for fluorizoline-induced apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. To investigate the conservation of this apoptotic mechanism, we studied the effect of PHB downregulation on fluorizoline activity on two human cell lines, HEK293T and U2OS. Then, we asked whether PHBs mediate the effect of fluorizoline in a multicellular organism. Read More