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Am J Otolaryngol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA. Electronic address:

Biomed Rep 2019 Feb 7;10(2):92-96. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of cystic lesions in the eyelid. Clinicopathological profiles were retrospectively searched based on medical records of 35 patients with cystic lesions of the eyelids, which were surgically resected from January 2003 to June 2016. The cohort consisted of 16 men and 19 women. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2018 Nov-Dec;9(6):448-451

Department of Dermatology, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SSPS) is a rare type of ectodermal dysplasia that has autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma, hypodontia, hypotrichosis, nail dystrophy, and multiple periocular and eyelid apocrine hidrocystomas. A 36-year-old male presented with multiple eyelid and periocular apocrine hidrocystomas, ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypodontia, nail dystrophy, and thin scalp hair. Read More

Dermatol Clin 2018 Oct 16;36(4):397-412. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Dermatology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, C/Maestro Alonso 109, 03010 Alicante, Spain.

Cutaneous adnexal tumors include lesions with apocrine, eccrine, follicular, sebaceous, and mixed differentiation. Most are benign and sporadic, although malignant forms are occasionally observed and some cases develop in the setting of inherited syndromes. These tumors often cause immense diagnostic difficulty. Read More

Case Rep Pathol 2018 26;2018:4263104. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

We report a case of vulvar clear cell adenocarcinoma in a woman presenting with a lump and pain in the right side of the labia majora. Three years prior to this visit, she underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy and excision of a labial mass. Pathological examination revealed adenomyosis and multiple leiomyomas in the uterus, endometriotic cysts in both ovaries, and foci of atypical endometriosis in the labial mass. Read More

Dermatopathology (Basel) 2018 Apr-Jun;5(2):79-85. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Cutaneous cysts have been classified by dermatopathologists in many different ways. Here, we propose a novel classification of cutaneous adnexal cysts according to their origin in the folliculosebaceous unit and the sweat glands. By examining the lining of the cystic structure, its origin can be easily identified. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Jul 6;35(4):e231-e232. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are mostly found on the cheeks and eyelids but also on the scalp and neck. The age distribution is from 30 to 70 years old. We report a case of an apocrine hidrocystoma on the genitalia of a 9-year-old girl. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2017 Sep 15;23(9). Epub 2017 Sep 15.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.

Hidrocystomas are benign cysts that typically present as translucent, bluish dermal nodules on the face and are rarely > 1 cm in size. They are classically categorized as eccrine or apocrine based on histologic features. We present a rare case of a giant apocrine hidrocystoma of the trunk, demonstrating that, although a rare variant, apocrine hidrocystomas can present both off the head and neck, and can be significantly larger in size than previously reported. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 May/Jun;34(3):e83-e85

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Associate Eye Physicians and Surgeons, Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

A 53-year-old man presented with smooth-domed, variegated cysts (polycystic disease) of all 4 eyelids, worse on the left side. Some of the cysts were clear, while others were creamy-white colored. In addition, multiple, very fine vesicopapules were noted along the eyelid margins. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018 Jul 28;46(5):560-562. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Australia.

Am J Dermatopathol 2019 Jan;41(1):79-80

Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.

Int J Dermatol 2018 Jan 9;57(1):92-93. Epub 2017 Oct 9.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

J Dermatol 2018 Jan 18;45(1):91-94. Epub 2017 Sep 18.

Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Apocrine hidrocystoma (AHC) is a benign cystic lesion arising from apocrine glands and frequently presents as a blue hae with a whitish gloss. It has been reported that the amount of lipofuscin and the degree of its oxidation determines the pigmentation of AHC. However, little is known about the correlation between clinical color and lipofuscin granules. Read More

Case Rep Dent 2017 11;2017:9382812. Epub 2017 Jul 11.

Oral Surgery and Implantology Units, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are rare benign cystic tumors originating from the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands. To the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence currently available reporting the presence of apocrine hidrocystomas in the oral cavity. Therefore, this case report aims to describe the clinical and histological features of an apocrine hidrocystoma affecting the oral mucosa. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017 ;58(2):651-653

Departamento de Ciencias Medicas y Quirurgicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain;

Apocrine hidrocystoma (AH) is an uncommon benign cystic tumor that is rarely located in the genitalia. We present the case of a 52-year-old uncircumcised man who presented an AH on his foreskin. The lesion was non-proliferative. Read More

Orbit 2017 Dec 19;36(6):433-435. Epub 2017 Jul 19.

a Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary , Chicago , Illinois , USA.

Hidrocystomas are benign, cystic lesions of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. The literature on hidrocystomas is sparse, consisting of a handful of case reports and limited retrospective reviews. This is the first known bi-institutional, retrospective, chart review aimed to elucidate the demographics and basic clinical presentation of hidrocystomas. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2017 07;43(7):993-995

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Skin Hospital, Athens, Greece.

J Cutan Pathol 2017 Aug 13;44(8):698-702. Epub 2017 Jun 13.

University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Department of Pathology, Little Rock, Arkansas.

Polarizable calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals have been well documented in breast biopsies, generally associated with benign apocrine metaplasia. In contrast, polarizable crystals are only rarely reported in skin adnexal neoplasms. We report 3 different cases of sweat gland tumors with polarizable crystals morphologically suggestive of CaOx: 1 apocrine hidrocystoma and 2 tubular apocrine adenomas. Read More

Eye Vis (Lond) 2017 23;4. Epub 2017 Feb 23.

Ophthalmology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Hidrocystoma, or sudoriferous cyst, is an eyelid tumor originating from apocrine or eccrine sweat glands. Its presence in the orbit is relatively rare.

Case Presentation: A full-term female child with severe right eye extrusion was referred to our department two hours after birth. Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2017 May 24;35(5):287-290. Epub 2017 Jan 24.

2 Department of Pathology, University of Milan Bicocca and San Gerardo Hospital , Monza, Italy .

Objective: Hydrocystomas (HCs) are rare, benign, skin adnexal cystic tumors that may be either eccrine or apocrine.

Background Data: Apocrine-HCs are cystic lesions that arise from the apocrine secretory coil, whereas eccrine-HCs are retention cysts of the eccrine duct. The commonest site is around the eyes, on the ears, scalp, chest, shoulders, or feet; HCs of the oral cavity are very rare. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2017 Nov;39(11):829-837

*Division of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Nippon Medical School, Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan; †Sapporo Dermatopathology Institute Sapporo, Japan; and ‡Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Tokyo, Japan.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP), apocrine gland cyst (AGC, also called apocrine hidrocystoma or apocrine cystadenoma), and tubular papillary adenoma (TPA) with apocrine differentiation are defined as proliferations of apocrine epithelium with myoepithelial cells. At Sapporo Dermatopathology Institute, we retrieved 308 benign neoplastic lesions diagnosed as SCAP, AGC, or TPA and combinations of these entities. Among the 308 lesions, 202 (66%) exhibited features of only one type, of which 144 (47%) were AGC, 39 (13%) were TPA, and 19 (6%) were SCAP. Read More

Case Rep Otolaryngol 2016 6;2016:5902547. Epub 2016 Nov 6.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

. Hidrocystomas are benign cystic growths of the apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. These cystic lesions have been well documented on the face, head, and neck, but rarely in the external auditory canal. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2017 Feb 26;176(2):488-490. Epub 2016 Oct 26.

Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A.

Apocrine hidrocystomas, while rare, present predominantly as solitary papules occurring in the periocular region of the face. Various treatment modalities for these lesions exist depending on their size and location, but the management of multiple hidrocystomas can be more challenging. Recent reports illustrate that multiple eccrine hidrocystomas have been successfully treated with botulinum toxin A. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017 Mar-Apr;83(2):267

Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Ophthalmology 2016 11;123(11):2385

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.

Dermatol Online J 2016 May 15;22(5). Epub 2016 May 15.

Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.

Background: Hidrocystomas are benign tumors of apocrine or eccrine epithelium. They most commonly occur on the head and neck, especially periorbitally. Albeit rare, these adnexal tumors may present as pigmented lesions. Read More

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2016 Sep-Oct;54(5):670-2

Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Zaragoza, España.

Background: Apocrine hidrocystomas, also known as apocrine cystadenomas, are bening cystic tumours derived from the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands.

Clinical Case: A 78-year old female was referred to our division for assesment an asymptomatic translucent, well-defined cystic lesion located on the upper helix. The histological features were consistent with apocrine hidrocystoma coexisting with gouty tophi. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2016 Mar-Apr;7(2):111-3

Department of Dermatology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, India.

Nevus sebaceous is a hamartoma with an uneventful course since birth but many benign or malignant tumors are known to develop in about one third of the patients. A 37-year-old woman with asymptomatic hairless raised lesion over the scalp since birth presented with change in the morphology of the lesions associated with itching and irritation since one month. On examination, multiple well-defined hyperpigmented verrucous plaques coalescing with each other were seen over the right parietal scalp associated with alopecia. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2016 Mar-Apr;61(2):237

Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Latur, Maharashtra, India.

Am J Dermatopathol 2016 Jul;38(7):549-52

*Contreras-Robledo Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Santiago, Dominican Republic; †Department of Pathology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; ‡Johnson County Dermatology, Olathe, KS; and §Department of Pathology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) is a biphasic neoplasm of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. It is most commonly found in the breast, although rare cases have been reported from the lung, salivary glands, and skin. There are 5 well-documented cases of cutaneous AME in the literature. Read More

Skinmed 2015 Jul-Aug;13(4):331-3. Epub 2015 Aug 1.

National Skin Centre, Singapore.

Case 1 A 60-year-old Chinese man presented to the dermatology clinic with an asymptomatic, 0.5 × 0.5-cm erythematous papule on the penile shaft for a 2-year duration (Figure 1a). Read More

Dermatol Surg 2016 Jan;42(1):134-6

Division of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Am J Dermatopathol 2016 Jul;38(7):475-83

*Resident, Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; †Biomedical Scientist, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and ‡Consultant Dermatopathologist, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

The use of immunohistochemical markers for myoepithelial cells (MEC) is a useful tool in the distinction of benign from malignant epithelial neoplasms. Although their use in breast tumors is well recognized, little is known concerning its application in comparable cutaneous lesions. Using benign cutaneous cystic apocrine lesions as a study model, the aim of this study was to compare 5 immunohistochemical markers [calponin, p63, smooth muscle actin (SMA), cytokeratin 14, and CD10] in their effectiveness to highlight MEC. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2015 Dec;37(12):885-91

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.

Initial investigations reported GATA3 to be a sensitive and relatively specific marker for mammary and urothelial carcinomas. Recently, GATA3 expression has been described in several other epithelial tumors. However, there has been only limited investigation of GATA3 expression in cutaneous epithelial tumors. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2016 Mar;40(3):410-8

*Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz †Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain ‡Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany §Dermatopathology Research Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Digital papillary carcinoma (DPC) is a rare, underreported, and often misdiagnosed malignant tumor of the sweat glands. It is often located on the digits and toes and most commonly occurs in male individuals in their fifties to seventies. Because of lack of pain, slow growth, and an inconspicuous appearance, clinical diagnosis is often missed or delayed. Read More

Orbit 2015 9;34(6):342-4. Epub 2015 Oct 9.

c Department of Ocular Pathology , Medical Research Foundation , Chennai , India.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are cysts resulting from obstruction of the apocrine sweat gland ducts. They are usually solitary and seen in the head and neck areas. Apocrine hidrocystomas are rarely seen in the orbit with very few adult cases published in literature until now. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015 Nov 24;29(11):2231-7. Epub 2015 Aug 24.

Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Naevus sebaceous is a congenital hamartoma commonly associated with the development of secondary neoplasms. There are sparse data relating to the dermoscopy of tumours arising in naevus sebaceous.

Objectives: To evaluate the dermoscopic features of a large series of neoplasms arising in naevus sebaceous. Read More

J Clin Med 2015 Jan 13;4(1):150-8. Epub 2015 Jan 13.

Ophthalmology Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo Stadual University, São Paulo 18607-370, Brazil.

Purpose: To report adult cases of superior orbital apocrine hidrocystoma.

Methods: Retrospective case series of three patients with superior orbital apocrine hidrocystoma and blepharoptosis with review of the clinical aspects of each of the cases.

Results: All three cases presented with blepharoptosis. Read More

Orbit 2015 8;34(4):229-31. Epub 2015 May 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana , USA and.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic lesions derived from the sweat glands of Moll and seldom found in the orbit. The authors present a case of a 41-year-old healthy man, with no prior medical history, referred for a painless enlarging mass, medial to his right upper eyelid for the past 3 months. Computed tomography showed a well-defined cystic lesion localized in the supero-medial anterior orbit. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 May/Jun;33(3S Suppl 1):S42-S45

*David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; †Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; and ‡Cornea and External Diseases, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

An unprecedented pigmented caruncular apocrine hidrocystoma with the additional feature of an oncocytic transformation of the cyst's lining cells is reported. Over a year, a 79-year-old woman developed a centrally pigmented lesion of her right caruncle with translucent borders. Because of concern about a melanoma, a carunculectomy with adjunctive cryotherapy and placement of an amniotic membrane graft were performed, and the excised specimen was evaluated microscopically. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2015 May-Jun;28(3):107-9. Epub 2015 Mar 5.

Department of Dermatology, Tokat Zile State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey.

Acta Derm Venereol 2015 Jul;95(6):762-3

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Daegu, 718-720 Daegu, Korea.

Acta Derm Venereol 2015 Mar;95(3):376-7

Department of Dermatology, The University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014 15;7(5):2698-700. Epub 2014 Apr 15.

Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga, Japan.

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2014 Apr-Jun;57(2):281-3

Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India.

Apocrine hidrocystomas (AHC) are uncommon cystic lesions of apocrine glands and are most often solitary. They are usually found in the head and neck region. Multiple AHC have been rarely reported in the literature usually in the eyelids and face. Read More

Pathologica 2013 Dec;105(6):337-41

Objective: Skin adnexal tumours (SAT) as a whole are rare tumours, and most of our current knowledge on SAT is from single case reports or small series focused on single histotypes. The purpose of this paper is to review a series of benign and malignant SAT diagnosed in a 20-year period.

Methods: All consecutive cases of SAT diagnosed between January 1992 and Dicember 2011 were retrieved. Read More

Skinmed 2013 Sep-Oct;11(5):301-3

Dermatology Department, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Our patient is a 29-year-old woman without any previous disease who presented with different kinds of lesions on her face, neck, and chest. She first noticed the lesions 10 years ago and, since that time, they have become more numerous. She has no affected relatives. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2014 Apr;36(4):318-26

*Division of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; and †Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Lion's Eye Institute, Albany, NY.

A minority of eyelid hidrocystomas are pigmented containing brown-black contents. Chromhidrosis describes the excretion of colored secretions composed of lipofuscin pigments in apocrine gland-rich anatomic locations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of pigmented eyelid cysts. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2013 Nov;69(5):e245-e246

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Electronic address: