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Appetite 2022 Jun 21:106134. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

University of South Alabama, Department of Psychology, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.

Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) involves obsessive thoughts about healthy eating and distress related to this obsession. There is still dispute over whether ON should be considered on the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, the eating disorder (ED) spectrum, or as its own disorder. Based on current research, orthorexic behaviors seem to be closely related to eating disorder behaviors. Read More

Nutr Hosp 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. Universidad de Cádiz.

Background: Eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food intake, binge eating, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and use of laxatives. They can become serious, affect quality of life, and lead to multiple physical and even psychiatric complications with a fatal outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, and trends of eating disorders with updated information based on the most recent publications. Read More

Nutr Hosp 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

Scientific evidence supports an interactive model of biopsychosocial influences on the etiology of eating disorders. New genome-wide association studies suggest underlying metabolic dysregulation in anorexia nervosa. Among the psychological factors, body dissatisfaction (IC) is the most consistent predictor, mainly in females. Read More

Pharmaceutics 2022 May 31;14(6). Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Oxytocin (OT), a mammalian neurohormone associated with social cognition and behavior, can be administered in its synthetic form intranasally (IN) and impact brain chemistry and behavior. IN-OT shows potential as a noninvasive intervention for disorders characterized by social challenges, e.g. Read More

Nutrients 2022 Jun 8;14(12). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Am Roseneck 6, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.

Background: The present study investigates the relationship between hypertransaminasemia and malnutrition on the basis of a very large number of patients. We assume that the level of transaminases not only reflects the extent of underlying liver cell damage but also provides information about the metabolic situation under conditions of energy deficiency.

Methods: We present an observational study in two different samples. Read More

Brain Sci 2022 Jun 19;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 19.

The Giovanni Ferrari Music Therapy School, 35100 Padua, Italy.

Literature reviews appear to indicate that Music Therapy (MT) may instil a sense of empowerment and generate feelings of renewed self-confidence, distracting subjects who follow this type of intervention from negative thoughts and, generally, helping patients suffering from Anorexia Nervosa (AN) to redevelop or rediscover their identity. The purpose of the study reported in this paper is to investigate whether MT proposed before an evening meal is capable of decreasing pre-meal anxiety in adolescents suffering from AN who follow the Day-hospital Treatment Programme at the San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza (Italy). A total of 24 patients participated voluntarily in once-weekly sessions of group-based MT conducted by a qualified music therapist over a period of six months. Read More

Children (Basel) 2022 Jun 18;9(6). Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandra's Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece.

As with the majority of chronic diseases having specific nutrition recommendations, in cystic fibrosis (CF), the emphasis placed on patients regarding their diet and ideal body weight status often increases the risk of developing disordered eating behaviors and by inference, eating disorders (EDs). Body weight appears to be an important concern for patients with CF, with many patients struggling to lose weight. Between sexes, women appear more preoccupied with dieting compared to men, but exhibit a better body image, mainly due to their preference for a lower weight. Read More

Children (Basel) 2022 Jun 5;9(6). Epub 2022 Jun 5.

Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) is a restrictive eating disorder (ED) that describes individuals who may be normal weighted or overweight; many have a premorbid history of obesity. Pediatric care providers are trained to identify and provide best practices for youth with pediatric obesity; however, most pediatric care providers are not trained to assess and treat restrictive EDs which typically present in youth aged 10 and 14 years. Although individuals with AAN may appear to be within a 'healthy weight', many experience malnutrition, psychological symptoms, and severe physiological complications after weight loss. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 Jun 15;14(12). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.

Cachexia is a chronic metabolic syndrome that is characterized by sustained weight and muscle mass loss and anorexia. Cachexia can be secondary to a variety of diseases and affects the prognosis of patients significantly. The increase in inflammatory cytokines in plasma is deeply related to the occurrence of cachexia. Read More

J Eat Disord 2022 Jun 23;10(1):86. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: This study investigated the attitudes of physicians in Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) toward refusal of treatment for anorexia nervosa.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to physicians treating patients with eating disorder (Japan, n = 55; UK, n = 84; US, n = 82) to evaluate their treatment strategies for fictitious cases of refusal of treatment for anorexia nervosa.

Results: For acute patients, 53 (96. Read More

J Eat Disord 2022 Jun 23;10(1):85. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Background: Characterised by the belief that more weight needs to be lost-despite emaciation, failing organs, medical instability and prospect of death-Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a condition in which irrational, and highly-skewed, beliefs can be of delusional intensity. However, the nexus between delusion and rational awareness and how this is related to body image acceptance and perception has yet to be examined in AN. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and beliefs of delusional intensity in an adult AN inpatient sample. Read More

Soins Psychiatr 2022 Mar-Apr;43(339):30-34. Epub 2022 Feb 2.

Unité de soins des troubles du comportement alimentaire, service du Pr Phillip Gorwood, pôle clinique des maladies mentales et de l'encéphale, site Sainte-Anne, groupe hospitalier universitaire Paris Psychiatrie et neurosciences, 100 rue de la Santé, 75014Paris, France.

Therapeutic touch body care in the management of eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, aims to deepen the relationship of trust and the therapeutic alliance. Nursing research and the development of clinical nursing care, with nursing diagnoses as a support, have made it possible to provide new responses adapted to the patient's needs. This reassuring helping relationship favors the work around the patient's psychic and physical perceptions. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of attachment insecurity in predicting a worse longitudinal trend of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology and body uneasiness in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) or Bulimia Nervosa (BN) treated with Enhanced Cognitive Behavior Therapy, considering the longitudinal interplay between these dimensions.

Method: In total, 185 patients with AN or BN performed the baseline assessment, and 123 were re-evaluated after 1 year of treatment. Participants completed questionnaires evaluating ED psychopathology (Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire) and body uneasiness (body uneasiness test). Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022 6;13:880503. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

MAB Lab ULR4490, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.

Anorexia nervosa is known to induce changes in bone parameters and an increase in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) that depend on the duration and seriousness of the disease. Previous studies have found that bone loss is associated with BMA accumulation. Sirtuin of type 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase that is partly regulated by energy balance, was shown to have pro-osteoblastogenic and anti-adipogenic effects. Read More

Eur Eat Disord Rev 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Institute of Psychology, Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.

Objective: Mirror exposure (ME) is a therapeutic technique to improve body image disturbance. However, evidence on the effectiveness of different forms of ME in clinical populations is lacking. The present study therefore analysed effects of ME on trait-like and state measures of body image in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Read More

Health Care Women Int 2022 Jun 21:1-26. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Hospital Road Randwick, Black Dog Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.

Childhood trauma has long been implicated in the development of anorexia nervosa and is known to impact more women than men. Still, less is known about the meaning women attribute to food and bodily practices and how they contribute to feminine subjectivity. In this article, we examine the subjective experiences of women with histories of childhood abuse and anorexia and women who did not develop an eating disorder. Read More

J Eat Disord 2022 Jun 17;10(1):83. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Discipline of Psychology, Blackbird Initiative, Órama Research Institute, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.

Objective: People with anorexia nervosa often exhibit inefficiencies in executive functioning (central coherence and set shifting) that may negatively impact on treatment outcomes. It is unclear from previous research whether these inefficiencies can change over treatment. We aimed to (1) investigate whether executive functioning can improve over treatment, (2) determine whether baseline executive functioning moderates treatment outcome, and (3) examine whether baseline executive functioning predicts early change (i. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022 Jun 20;16(1):46. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52064, Aachen, Germany.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, associated with confinement and social isolation, seems to have impacted the course of many mental disorders in children and adolescents. An increase in hospital admission rates for juvenile anorexia nervosa (AN) has been documented in many regions of the world. However, data from Europe are scarce. Read More

Frontline Gastroenterol 2022 20;13(4):316-324. Epub 2021 Aug 20.

Gastroenterology, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, UK.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex eating disorder associated with a high morbidity and mortality, however, there is a lack of dedicated training for healthcare professionals outside of mental health specialities. There has been a reported increase in acute admissions of patients with AN, which may have been precipitated by the isolation and loss of support networks created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this review is to highlight that AN can present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms relating to both the hollow and solid organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract some of which may even be life threatening. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2022 Jun 19. Epub 2022 Jun 19.

San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California.

Objective: Sexual assault, child abuse, and combat have been linked to eating disorders (EDs). However, noninterpersonal trauma is relatively understudied, and therefore it is unknown whether noninterpersonal trauma is associated with EDs. Furthermore, most previous studies do not account for multiple trauma exposures, or the relative association of traumatic events with EDs in the same statistical model. Read More

Conscious Cogn 2022 Jun 16;103:103369. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

The need to feel in control is central to anorexia nervosa (AN). The sense of control in AN has only been studied through self-report. This study investigated whether implicit sense of control (sense of agency; SoA) differs across AN patients, recovered AN (RAN) patients and healthy controls (HC). Read More

Eur Eat Disord Rev 2022 Jun 19. Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Objective: This paper used network analysis to test the associations between eating disorder-related psychopathology and carers' responses to anorexia nervosa symptoms in adolescents. Additionally, the prognostic value of central and bridge network nodes was explored.

Method: This is a secondary analysis of a three-armed randomised-controlled-trial of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (n = 149) and their primary carer (n = 149) who were allocated to either treatment as usual (TAU), or one of two versions of a carer skills intervention (ECHO) added to TAU. Read More

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022 Jun 14. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by disturbances in cognition and behavior surrounding eating and weight. The severity of AN combined with the absence of localized brain abnormalities suggests distributed, systemic underpinnings that may be identified using diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) and tractography to reconstruct white matter pathways.

Methods: DMRI data acquired from female patients with AN (n = 147) and female healthy controls (HC; n = 119), aged 12-40 years, were combined across five studies. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2022 31;13:801415. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Mental illness undermines a patient's personal autonomy: the capacities of a person that enables them to live a meaningful life of their own making. So far there has been very little attention given to personal autonomy within psychiatry. This is unfortunate as personal autonomy is disturbed in different ways in psychiatric disorders, and understanding how autonomy is affected by mental illness is crucial for differential diagnosis and treatment, and also for understanding personal recovery. Read More

J Adolesc Health 2022 Jun 12. Epub 2022 Jun 12.

Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California.

Purpose: Among complications of malnutrition secondary to anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN), renal impairment remains poorly elucidated. Evaluating renal function in hospitalized pediatric patients with AN and AAN undergoing refeeding will yield important information to guide clinicians in screening and managing renal dysfunction in this population.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the Study of Refeeding to Optimize Inpatient Gains trial, a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing higher calorie refeeding versus lower calorie refeeding in 120 adolescents and young adults hospitalized with medical instability secondary to AN or AAN. Read More

Trials 2022 Jun 16;23(1):500. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and disabling mental disorder with a high disease burden. In a proportion of cases, intensive hospital-based treatments, i.e. Read More

Eur Psychiatry 2022 Jun 16:1-22. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Am J Hum Genet 2022 Jun 8. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark. Electronic address:

Growth deviating from the norm during childhood has been associated with anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity later in life. In this study, we examined whether polygenic scores (PGSs) for AN and BMI are associated with growth trajectories spanning the first two decades of life. AN PGSs and BMI PGSs were calculated for participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n = 8,654). Read More

Eat Weight Disord 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, UO Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy.

Purpose: Although a few recent articles describe adults with treatment-resistant anorexia nervosa (TR-AN), no study addresses the specific features of subjects not responding to treatment in the developmental age. This study reports on the clinical and psychopathological variables that distinguish children and adolescents who did not respond to treatment (here "TR-AN") from good-outcome controls, in a multidisciplinary hospital treatment setting.

Methods: Naturalistic, case-control study conducted on individuals showing lack of response to treatment and good-outcome controls. Read More