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Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):131-138

National Research University Higher school of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia.

The World Health Organization recommends monitoring the trends and assessing the progress of ophthalmic care focused on the actual needs of people. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper have proposed and tested an analytical model, named «Cataract», which on the one hand can help evaluate the needs of the population in terms of cataract treatment, and on the other - assist with analysis of the available resources to meet these needs. The model can help identify the bottlenecks and predict the required resources, as well as assess the degree of satisfaction of the population's needs with the current and projected amount of medical care. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):120-130

Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease that occurs due to disfunction and degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris, as well as death of photoreceptors. The exact pathogenetic mechanism remains uncertain. The aging process is the main and the clearest risk factor of AMD. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):114-119

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Studying ocular biomechanics presents apparent interest because of certain clinical situations when evaluation of mechanical properties can help with both diagnosis and treatment. This literature review considers the approaches to studying deformation properties of various ocular structures: dynamometric methods, elastotonometry, ophthalmic mechanography, photoelasticity method, ultrasound methods, analysis of pneumatic applanation of the cornea, atomic force microscopy, holographic interferometry, optical coherence elastography. Knowledge of the particularities of tissue deformation during examination with various methods can expand our understanding of the mechanisms of pathological changes in different structures of the organ of vision, which can help develop new methods of diagnosis and treatment. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):108-113

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

Endoscopic surgery of the accessory nasal sinuses (ANA) is widely used as the main treatment method for ANA diseases. It is a well-proven, safe and effective method. However, occasionally certain complications may occur. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):100-107

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

This article reviews etiological factors in the development of lacrimal punctal stenosis, modern diagnostic techniques, as well as both conservative and surgical treatment methods. The presented analysis is based on data from 67 literary sources, which provide information on conventional and high-tech examination and treatment methods of patients with lacrimal punctal stenosis. Particular attention is paid to various aspects of punctoplasty - the most common surgical intervention used to treat this pathology. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):94-99

Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia.

This article reviews information on possible adverse events occurring in the organ of vision - in particular, the retina - after using systemic drugs, discusses the drugs that lead to drug-induced retinopathy most often, and describes histomorphological changes and modern understanding of the pathogenesis of damage to retinal structures. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):87-93

Svyatoslav Fedorov Foundation for the Promotion of Advanced Medical Technologies, Moscow, Russia.

Age-related macular degeneration complicated by submacular hemorrhage if not treated timely leads to permanent loss of central vision. The basis of effective therapy is its early start, dislocation of blood from central parts of the retina and blockage of neovascularization. This review examines the current methods of treatment of submacular hemorrhages, anatomical and functional outcomes, risks of postoperative complications, as well as trends in the use of combined methods of surgical intervention. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):81-86

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

The two most used modifications of endothelial keratoplasty (EK) are Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). The leading complication of EK surgeries is graft detachment in the early postoperative period. This article reports on two cases of endothelial graft adhesion depending on morphological characteristics of the Descemet's membrane (DM) removed during EK. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):66-78

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

The article presents five cases of various forms of hemangiomas of the optic nerve head (ONH) and juxtapapillary retina that were monitored and analyzed using ocular visualization methods. The obtained data allowed a conclusion that capillary hemangioma of the ONH features clearly-seen boundaries of the lesion both on ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images; on the other hand, juxtapapillary granuloma can be characterized by blurred outlines on ophthalmoscopy and a gradual transition of the altered retina on OCT images with secondary changes seen in the macular area. When comorbid, capillary hemangioma of the ONH and retina feature a combination of these visualization signs. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):58-64

Federal Research Center Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia.

It is believed that one of the main blood enzymes that hydrolyzes oxidized lipids incorporated in lipoproteins is the calcium-dependent hydrolase of paraoxonase 1, which has a significant antioxidant effect depending on the polymorphism of the gene.

Purpose: To genotype patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by the Q192R polymorphism of the gene in order to identify their genetic predisposition to dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, as well as to determe the possibility of correcting the reduced activity of the enzyme in the examined individuals by the complex drug Cytoflavin.

Material And Methods: The study included 25 men with advanced POAG, IOP compensated by hypotonic agents, and 20 volunteers without POAG (mean age 63. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):47-56

Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Purpose: To study structural and microvascular changes in the choroid in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and arterial hypertension (AH), and their relationship with the level of renal function, carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure.

Material And Methods: The study involved 172 patients (325 eyes): 56 patients with CKD (109 eyes); 66 patients with DR (121 eyes); 50 patients with AH (95 eyes). All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examination including visometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):37-46

Khabarovsk branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery»», Khabarovsk, Russia.

Analysis of the effectiveness of preventative phacoemulsification (PE) in anatomically short eyes with an increased risk of an acute glaucoma attack in thickened lens can help in choosing the optimal management tactics for these patients.

Purpose: To study the changes in morphometric parameters of the anterior segment of anatomically short eyes with an increased risk of acute glaucoma attack before and after preventative PE.

Material And Methods: The study included 70 patients (70 eyes) with a high risk of acute glaucoma attack in short anatomical axial length and thickened lens, with posterior and middle positions of the ciliary body. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):31-36

Kaluga branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Kaluga, Russia.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of the use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of acute esotropia in children.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the results of using botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of acute convergent strabismus in 16 children was performed. Children's ages ranged from 3 to 15 years. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):23-30

Saint Petersburg branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», St. Petersburg, Russia.

Focal dome-shaped prominence of the macular profile due to thickening of the scleral layers leads to the development of sclerogenic macular degeneration (SMD), which causes a decrease in vision when it evolves into complicated forms.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) coagulation in patients with SMD complicated by detachment of neuroepithelium.

Material And Methods: The study included 14 patients (13 women and 1 man), aged 28 to 63 years, median age 55. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):16-22

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

Purpose: To study the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness in children with progressive myopia who have been wearing bifocal soft contact lenses (BSCL) with an ADD power of +4.0 D for 3 months.

Material And Methods: The study included 40 patients (80 eyes) with progressive myopia of low and moderate degrees. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):5-14

Institute of Mitoengineering of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

Purpose: To study the capabilities of electrophysiological and psychophysical examination methods for assessment of the functional state of ganglion cells, retina and optic nerve in patients with hereditary optic neuropathy (HON).

Material And Methods: The study included 60 patients (118 eyes) with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of HON. All study patients underwent visual field test (VFT), spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT), flash and pattern visual evoked potentials (VEP) (Flash-VEP, FVEP; Pattern-VEP, PVEP), photopic electroretinography with photonegative response (PhNR) registration and the color vision test. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):115-116

"The main thing in the doctor's profession is a passionate desire to help the patient... Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):107-114

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

Prostaglandins are widely used in medicine as active physiological agents that form a new class of drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, some forms of bronchial asthma, as well as in gynecology and ophthalmology. Development of aseptic inflammation is an example of intracellular process, in which the produced prostaglandins are able to and do cause vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, pain and fever. These effects of prostaglandins and leukotrienes characterize the classic picture of inflammation, including the aseptic one. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):100-106

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosing subclinical keratoconus (KK). The need to identify early signs of KK is primarily associated with the potential for the development of iatrogenic keratoectasia in cases of underdiagnosis of the disease when determining the conditions for laser keratorefractive surgery involving a decrease in the thickness of the cornea. Today generally accepted algorithms for early computer-assisted diagnosis of KK are mainly based on the analysis of various morphometric parameters of the cornea, reflecting changes in its shape and thickness induced by structural abnormalities. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):90-99

Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Due to the significant medical and social importance of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), increasing the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy used to treat this disease is one of the high-priority problems in modern retinology. This article focuses on pathobiological aspects and clinical manifestations of incomplete responses to anti-VEGF therapy of wAMD, considers the proposed ways to improve the terminology and classification of responses to therapy, as well as the assessment of its correctness and effectiveness of the treatment. It also discusses the available ways to optimize anti-VEGF therapy and define the criteria of its termination in cases when the treatment proves to be futile. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):84-89

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

As the main source of various lipids, the meibomian glands are involved in the formation of lipid layer of the tear film and the maintenance of homeostasis of the ocular surface. This process is directly dependent on the chemical composition and thickness of the lipid layer. In addition to lipid components, the meibum also contains various proteins that affect the properties of the tear film. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):78-83

S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Moscow, Russia.

The article discusses the historical development stages of diagnostics of the functional state of the retina and the optic nerve using microperimetry in the Russian Federation and other countries, as well as the features and diagnostic prospects of the microperimetry method in identifying fundus pathologies. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):71-77

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

Changes in intraocular pressure have great influence on the course of various processes in ocular tissues. Presently, the scientific discussion has returned to the theoretical issues of tonometry and the creation of models that would allow assessing the influence of various ocular parameters on IOP values. Some of the modern tonometers (Icare, Tono-Pen) are convenient and effective when measuring IOP in eyes with damaged, uneven or edematous cornea. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):64-70

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation is a widely accepted and performed refractive surgery for correction of moderate and high myopia used when corneal laser ablation procedures are not suitable. This paper analyzes literature data to reveal the advantages and limitations of the technology. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):58-63

S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Moscow, Russia.

Oculocutaneous albinism is a group of autosomal recessive disorders that directly affect the hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. According to the World Health Organization, albinism occurs in 1 out of 20 000 people in Europe and North America. Congenital changes in the organ of vision in albinism lead to a significant decrease in the visual functions of patients, worsening their quality of life. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):52-56

Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia.

The article presents a case of complicated viral conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis was the initial sign of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the patient. The disease had a fairly long course and led to symmetrical scarring in the form of partial external symblepharon and dry eye syndrome. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):44-51

Eye Clinic of Doctor Belikova LLC, Moscow, Russia.

Purpose: To compare microcirculatory changes in patients with early stages of primary angle closure disease (PACD) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Material And Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 60 eyes with PACD, 30 with initial POAG, and 30 eyes without any ophthalmic pathologies. Vessel density (VD) in the optic nerve head and peripapillary retina (wiVD Disc), as well as in the inner layers of fovea and parafovea (wiVD Macula) and their different sectors were determined in all patients by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):38-43

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

Purpose: To identify the possible cause of an inflammatory reaction to a Russian-manufactured palpebral implant made of gold in the long term after surgery, and to determine the clinical and morphological changes in the tissues of the upper eyelid when the presence of the implant caused the inflammatory reaction.

Material And Methods: The results of 150 operations with placement of a palpebral implant were analyzed. In 12 cases, a nonspecific inflammatory reaction was revealed within 2 to 4 weeks after the operation, in 7 cases it necessitated explantation, in 5 cases the local long-term use of an ointment with a corticosteroid made it possible to avoid extrusion and explantation. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):31-37

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Purpose: To evaluate the morphological features of posterior corneal layers in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Material And Method: The study included 20 patients (20 eyes) aged 73.8±7. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(1):23-30

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma. Insufficient information about the pathogenetic aspects of POAG development necessitates further research of the main clinical, functional, and genetic risk factors for the disease development, as well as their correlations using modern methods of mathematical analysis.

Purpose: To assess the significance of risk factors in POAG development based on multivariate analysis of variance. Read More