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Ann Nutr Metab 2022 May 24:1-11. Epub 2022 May 24.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Background: Over the last 30-40 years, we have seen an improvement in global child undernutrition, with major reductions in wasting and stunting. Meanwhile, childhood obesity has dramatically increased, initially in high-income populations and subsequently in the more economically vulnerable. These trends are related to significant changes in diet and external factors, including new environmental threats. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 May 11:1-8. Epub 2022 May 11.

Rare and Civilisation Diseases Research Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.

Background: The rapid worldwide increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease is associated with changing nutrition patterns. Recently, some articles have highlighted the link between Alzheimer's disease and dietary cholesterol. It was found that elevated levels of some of its fractions in the brain and circulation affect metabolism. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 May 6:1-10. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Introduction: Premature infants are exceptionally vulnerable to nutrition-related diseases, and the utilization of standardized feeding guidelines may reduce nutritional practice variation, which can promote growth. Nutritional risk screening is the first step for standardized nutrition advice. However, risk screening tools specific for following up preterm infants are scarce. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Introduction: While international prevention guidelines recently advocated, in addition to moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, for a minimization of sedentary time (SED), recommendations remain to be developed for youths with obesity.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library plus the reference lists of selected articles for relevant publications in English, including original papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with search terms "sedentary behaviors" or "sedentary time" or "screen time" AND "children" or "adolescents" AND "obesity" or "adiposity" or "cardiometabolic risk" or "cardiometabolic disease". The results were summarized as a narrative review and presented to the scientific board of the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) who then discussed their implication in clinical practice and proposed the position outlined in this paper. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 26. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of heart muscle disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Metabolomics is an emerging and powerful discipline that provides a global information on the phenotype of mammalian systems via the study of endogenous and exogenous metabolites in cells, tissues and biofluids. These studies aid in the identification of biomarkers to prevent diseases in later life or help to early detect onset of diseases as well as aiding in the elucidation of disease mechanisms. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 20. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a significant and growing problem worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) and family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5) to be novel adipokines. However, very few studies have examined the plasma levels of FSTL1 and FAM19A5 in children. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Apr 19. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Introduction: We assessed the efficacy and safety of OPF-105, a novel all-in-one peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solution containing multivitamins by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2000 (FDA2000 recommendation). Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 18. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Introduction Metabolic or inflammatory markers may predict adverse outcomes in women with obesity. We sought to describe metabolic-obesity phenotypes of women using novel staging tools and investigate relationships with inflammation. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we collected fasting blood samples from sixty-four females with body mass index (BMI) ≥28kg/m2. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 17:1-11. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Institute for Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Undernutrition is still highly prevalent in developing countries and leads to a multitude of problems as it weakens the immune system, which leads to increased risk of infections and diet-related diseases. COVID-19 has worsened the existing situation and has resulted in unprecedented health, social, and economic disruptions across the world. Before COVID-19, about 54% children under 5 years were moderately or seriously malnourished, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, early estimates suggest that an additional 2. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Mar 10:1-8. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Background: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) can actively affect the maintenance and optimal functioning of immune cells. The metabolites of both omega-3 and omega-6 play an important role in the synthesis of different mediators, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, protectins, and resolvins, that can interfere with the virus and modulate inflammation.

Summary: In this narrative review, we aim to identify whether LCPUFA supplementation may be effective in protecting the population against respiratory tract infections. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 18;78 Suppl 1:5-6. Epub 2022 Feb 18.

Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Feb 17:1-9. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

University of Milan, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Milan, Italy.

Background: The current pandemic and the concerns of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have contributed to increasing the rate of breastfeeding interruption. This tendency has been associated with negative effects on the well-being of lactating mothers and their infants. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence on the strategies to support breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic and on the safety of breastfeeding during a SARS-CoV-2 infection or after COVID-19 vaccination. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Feb 16. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Background: In 2017, an European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) opinion on the use of glutamate and its salts as food additives led to an ADI of 30mg/kg body weight/day. Then, in 2021, an EFSA statement presented a proposal for harmonising the establishment of Health-Based Guidance Values for nutrients that are also regulated substances (including food additives). The present review argues that the 2017 glutamate ADI is unsuitable because safety of glutamate should firstly consider its status as a nutrient and not only as an additive. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 Feb 4. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Introduction: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with fetal and newborn health; however, data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited.

Methods: We used data from a prenatal micronutrient supplementation trial among a cohort of HIV-negative pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to estimate the relationships between GWG and newborn outcomes. GWG adequacy was defined as the ratio of the total observed weight gain over the recommended weight gain based on the Institute of Medicine body mass index (BMI)-specific guidelines. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 31;78(2):61-72. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Introduction: Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is correlated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the biological functions of regulating plasma vitamin D (VD) level and the inflammatory process.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of VD level and VDBP gene polymorphisms on the risk of NAFLD in a Chinese population.

Methods: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were measured and seven VDBP candidate genetic variants (rs222020, rs2282679, rs4588, rs1155563, rs7041, rs16847024, rs3733359) were genotyped among participants in this case-control study. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 18;78(2):119-120. Epub 2022 Jan 18.

Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 18;78(2):117-118. Epub 2022 Jan 18.

Klinikum Landstrasse, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria.

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 17;78(2):106-113. Epub 2022 Jan 17.

Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Patients with esophageal cancer are at a high risk of malnutrition after esophagectomy, and nutritional support may at times be required for several months following surgery. In this study, we aimed to clarify the clinical features and preoperative risk factors of patients with long-term insufficiency of oral intake after esophagectomy by evaluating the duration of feeding enterostomy placement.

Methods: A total of 306 patients who underwent esophagectomy, reconstruction with gastric conduit, and feeding enterostomy creation were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 17;78(2):91-97. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.

Introduction: Serum albumin (Alb) levels have been found to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality in a community-based population, but whether this is the case for serum cholinesterase (ChE) levels is uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether serum ChE levels are independent predictors of all-cause mortality in a community-based population.

Methods: A total of 3,504 subjects (mean age 62. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2021 Dec 15. Epub 2021 Dec 15.

Background: Fish consumption may be associated with a low risk of coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate whether higher fish consumption results in improved lifestyle behaviors and thus lower triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio--a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods And Results: This cross-sectional study included 2947 middle-aged Japanese males with no history of ASCVD or lipid-modifying therapy, who presented at the Health Planning Center of Nihon university hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 6;78(2):98-105. Epub 2021 Dec 6.

Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Introduction: Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) must follow a lifelong phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet with additional amino acid supplementations, and this may put them at risk for nutritional disturbances. However, the body composition and nutritional status of adult patients with PKU has only been partially explored. The current study aims to assess the body composition of adult patients with PKU using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (MF-BIA) and to reveal potential correlations between therapy adherence and body composition. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 2;78(2):73-79. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.

Objectives: Prolonged muscle weakness after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a problem. Despite increasing physical activity up to 3 years after surgery, muscle strength was decreased to 80-90% of the healthy side 2 years after THA. The objective of the present study was to identify the nutritional factors related to muscle weakness 1 year after THA. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 2;78(1):33-45. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Introduction: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the dietary intake and the human milk (HM) fatty acid (FA) profile of Chinese lactating women.

Methods: HM samples and food records were obtained from 122 Chinese women over 5 visits between 0 and 51 days postpartum. Adjusted multiple regression was performed to explore associations between maternal dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, FAs and foods, and the HM FA profile. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 2;78(1):46-47. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 2;78(1):1-13. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Background: The heart requires a high rate of fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) to meet its energy needs. Neutral lipids are the main source of energy for the heart and are stored in lipid droplets (LDs), which are cytosolic organelles that primarily serve to store neutral lipids and regulate cellular lipid metabolism. LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) are proteins either located on the surface of the LDs or reside in the cytosol and contribute to lipid metabolism. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 23;78(1):21-32. Epub 2021 Nov 23.

Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, China.

Purposes: Adipokine alterations contribute to the development and remission of nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD). Adipsin is one of the most abundant adipokines and is almost exclusively produced by adipocytes. However, data on adipsin in human NAFLD are limited and controversial. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2021 Nov 17. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

Not applicable. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 17;78(2):80-90. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

Introduction: Dietary exposure and drug treatments influence gut cellular pathways and hence growth and potentially even the gut-brain-microbiome axis. Since eukaryotic mRNA presents poly-A sequence that distinguishes them from the prokaryotes mRNA, we could analyze the gene expression of human gut cells using exfoliated gut cells available in stool samples. However, the impact of the critical steps of these non-invasive methods must be analyzed. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2021 6;77(5):279-288. Epub 2021 Oct 6.

Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of the randomized clinical trial Intraining-MET. Sixty adults (40-60 years old) were randomized to an MICT (n = 31) or HIIT (n = 29) supervised programme 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Read More

Ann Nutr Metab 2022 11;78(2):114-116. Epub 2021 Nov 11.

Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.