Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Skinmed 2021 1;19(3):216-218. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA.

Genital rejuvenation requires medical and procedural treatments that can improve the morphology or aesthetics of the scrotum and vagina. Angiokeratomas are benign vascular lesions that my occur on the penis, scrotum, and vulva. These lesions can be of either cosmetic concern or medical significance if they bleed. Read More

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020 Aug 6;10(4):551-567. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA, USA.

Angiokeratomas are benign vascular lesions. Genital angiokeratomas, also referred to as Fordyce angiokeratomas, usually occur on the scrotum in men and the vulva in women. Penile angiokeratoma (PEAKER) is a subtype of genital angiokeratoma in men; clitoral angiokeratoma (CLANKER) is its embryologic analog in women. Read More

Aust J Gen Pract 2019 03;48(3):130-131

DCH, BPharm, MBBS, FRACGP, Associate Lecturer, University of Qld, Qld; Crestmead Medical Centre, Qld.

Cureus 2018 Dec 28;10(12):e3793. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Dermatology, San Diego Family Dermatology, San Diego, USA.

Penile angiokeratomas (peakers) are uncommon, benign vascular tumors typically presenting as multiple lesions on the corona of the glans penis. They have been observed in 21 men. They range from 0. Read More

Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2018 Jul-Dec;39(2):136-138

Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Angiokeratomas are benign cutaneous lesions consisting of numerous ectatic blood vessels present in the superficial dermis and usually involving the scrotum. Although usually asymptomatic, they may be complicated by sporadic or profuse bleeding. We report the development of multiple vulvar angiokeratomas in a 40-year-old female after undergoing a perineoplasty successfully treated with electrocautery. Read More

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019 Mar 26;9(1):185-192. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA, USA.

Scrotal rejuvenation encompasses not only the functional quality but also the aesthetic appearance of the scrotum. It includes medical therapy and procedural interventions to improve scrotal conditions that require morphologic restoration and/or aesthetic alteration. Rejuvenation of the scrotum may be appropriate for aging-related and non-aging-related changes concerning the hair (alopecia and hypertrichosis), the morphology (laxity and wrinkles), and/or the vascularity (angiokeratoma) of the scrotum. Read More

Cureus 2018 Mar 13;10(3):e2316. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego.

Genital rejuvenation is applicable not only to women (vaginal rejuvenation) but also to men (scrotal rejuvenation). There is an increased awareness, reflected by the number of published medical papers, of vaginal rejuvenation; however, rejuvenation of the scrotum has not received similar attention in the medical literature. Scrotal rejuvenation includes treatment of hair-associated scrotal changes (alopecia and hypertrichosis), morphology-associated scrotal changes (wrinkling and laxity), and vascular-associated scrotal changes (angiokeratomas). Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2017 Dec 30;19(8):459-464. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

b Department of Dermatology and Venereology , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic.

Background: Angiokeratoma of Fordyce (AF) represents dark red or blue-black papules with a scaly surface located on scrotum, labia majora, and penis. Though usually asymptomatic, bleeding after mechanical trauma and sexual intercourse may occur. AF should be differentiated from malignant melanoma, angiosarcoma, and other pigmented lesions. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017 Jul-Aug;83(4):470-472

Department of Pathology, Marques de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, C/Avda. de Valdecilla s/n E-39008, Santander, Spain.

Dermatol Online J 2016 05 15;22(5). Epub 2016 May 15.

Setor de Dermatologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Fordyce angiokeratoma is a benign skin neoplasm, characterized by erythematous-violet keratotic papules with mamillated surface, which follows a chronic and minimally symptomatic course. However, symptoms can be related such as itching, burning, bleeding, dyspareunia; aesthetic and social concerns may prompt request for treatment. The condition mainly affects men and usually occurs in the scrotum, but rarely may occur in women. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2016 Jun;151(3):322-3

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy -

Cutis 2015 Nov;96(5):329-32

Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

We report the case of a 66-year-old man with adult-onset seizures and multiple cerebral cavernous malformations who developed numerous eruptive cutaneous angiokeratomas on the legs, scrotum, abdomen, and back as well as lobular and cavernous hemangiomas on the arms. Genetic analysis demonstrated a mutation in the KRIT1, ankyrin repeat containing gene (also known as CCM1). Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2016 7;27(3):270-4. Epub 2015 Oct 7.

a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Hospital , Cairo , Egypt.

Background: Angiokeratoma of Fordyce is typically asymptomatic, blue-to-red papules with a scaly surface located on the scrotum, shaft of penis or labia majora. They can be treated with some locally destructive treatment modalities such as excision, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy and laser.

Objectives: To compare the effects of the pulsed dye laser versus long pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of angiokeratoma of Fordyce. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2015 May-Jun;90(3 Suppl 1):150-2

R.G. Kar Medical College, West Bengal, IN.

The term 'angiokeratoma' includes a wide range of dermatological conditions of hyperkeratotic vascular disorders with a similar histologic combination of hyperkeratosis and superficial dermal vascular ectasia. Angiokeratomas can be classified into localized and systemic forms. Angiokeratoma of Fordyce (AKF) is a localized form of angiokeratoma, clinically characterized by 1- to 6-mm, black, blue, or dark red, dome-shaped papules located on the scrotum, shaft of penis, labia majora, clitoris, inner thigh, and lower abdomen. Read More

Dermatology 2015 24;231(3):213-6. Epub 2015 Jul 24.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

We describe a unique patient with multiple angiokeratomas on both upper eyelids and on the scrotum. We review the literature and discuss the pathogenetic relationship. Angiokeratomas are described as vascular lesions, which are defined histologically as one or several dilated blood vessel(s) covered by a keratotic layer. Read More

Scand J Urol 2016 14;50(1):88-9. Epub 2015 Jul 14.

a 1 Department of Dermatology Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden, The Netherlands.

The current case report describes a 35-year-old man who presented with unilateral scrotal angiomas. The presence of unilateral scrotal angiomas was associated with an underlying varicocele on the ipsilateral side due to increased venous pressure. In case of unilateral scrotal angiomas further examination for underlying pathology is necessary. Read More

Urology 2015 Jun;85(6):e47-8

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Burn Unit, Bayview Campus, Baltimore, MD.

Angiokeratomas are benign vascular ectasias that can present with bleeding or cosmetic concerns. We present an extreme case of Fordyce angiokeratoma. Usual treatment modalities, including medical management with analgesics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, as well as laser treatments, were not viable options in this unique case. Read More

J Emerg Med 2015 Aug 10;49(2):192-3. Epub 2015 Jun 10.

Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Association Hospital, West Haven, Connecticut.

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014 Oct 24;40(5):240-5. Epub 2014 Oct 24.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.

Angiokeratoma is a benign cutaneous lesion of the capillaries, presenting as dilated vessels in the upper part of the dermis. Although this disorder is classified into various types and has been occasionally reported in the skin of the scrotum or extremities, the involvement of the oral cavity mucosa has been rarely reported. The present study reports a case of angiokeratoma circumscriptum in the buccal mucosa. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2014 Jul-Sep;21(3):287-8

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Angiokeratoma is a rare, usually acquired muco-cutaneous wart-like vascular lesion that is frequently reported in the scrotum. Bleeding may occur if angiokeratoma is excoriated or traumatized. We report an exceedingly rare solitary eyelid angiokeratoma in an otherwise normal middle aged male. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2014 Feb;149(1):157-9

Department of Dermatology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Etlik, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey -

Pan Afr Med J 2014 12;19:376. Epub 2014 Dec 12.

Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.

BMJ Case Rep 2013 Sep 19;2013. Epub 2013 Sep 19.

Department of Medicine, CHP, Porto, Portugal.

Dermatol Surg 2013 Oct 29;39(10):1547-8. Epub 2013 Jul 29.

Department of Dermatology, Iizuka City Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Indian J Dermatol 2013 May;58(3):242

Department of Dermatology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India.

Angiokeratoma of Fordyce occurring over vulva is rare. Angiokeratoma of Fordyce commonly occurs in males over scrotum or penile shaft and presents as multiple verrucous reddish papules. They are usually asymptomatic and noticed accidentally. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013 May 7;140(5):341-6. Epub 2013 Mar 7.

Clinique dermatologique, université de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Background: Port-wine stains or capillary malformations are generally congenital. Very few cases of acquired port-wine stains in adults have been described, and these occur particularly after trauma.

Patients And Method: We report three cases of acquired port-wine stains and we performed a review of the literature using the keywords "port-wine stain", "capillary malformation", "angioma" and "acquired" in the Medline database PubMed. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2012 Nov-Dec;22(6):818-9

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Mar 20;104(2):163-4. Epub 2012 Aug 20.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Dr. José Molina Orosa, Lanzarote, España.

Indian J Dermatol 2012 May;57(3):228-9

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

We report a 60-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of painless red raised lesions involving the tongue and scrotum. Histopathology was suggestive of angiokeratoma. Oral angiokeratomas are most commonly found as a component of the generalized systemic disorder in Fabry's disease or fucosidosis. Read More