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Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2018 Jul-Dec;39(2):136-138

Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Angiokeratomas are benign cutaneous lesions consisting of numerous ectatic blood vessels present in the superficial dermis and usually involving the scrotum. Although usually asymptomatic, they may be complicated by sporadic or profuse bleeding. We report the development of multiple vulvar angiokeratomas in a 40-year-old female after undergoing a perineoplasty successfully treated with electrocautery. Read More

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019 Mar 26;9(1):185-192. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA, USA.

Scrotal rejuvenation encompasses not only the functional quality but also the aesthetic appearance of the scrotum. It includes medical therapy and procedural interventions to improve scrotal conditions that require morphologic restoration and/or aesthetic alteration. Rejuvenation of the scrotum may be appropriate for aging-related and non-aging-related changes concerning the hair (alopecia and hypertrichosis), the morphology (laxity and wrinkles), and/or the vascularity (angiokeratoma) of the scrotum. Read More

Cureus 2018 Mar 13;10(3):e2316. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego.

Genital rejuvenation is applicable not only to women (vaginal rejuvenation) but also to men (scrotal rejuvenation). There is an increased awareness, reflected by the number of published medical papers, of vaginal rejuvenation; however, rejuvenation of the scrotum has not received similar attention in the medical literature. Scrotal rejuvenation includes treatment of hair-associated scrotal changes (alopecia and hypertrichosis), morphology-associated scrotal changes (wrinkling and laxity), and vascular-associated scrotal changes (angiokeratomas). Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2017 Dec 30;19(8):459-464. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

b Department of Dermatology and Venereology , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic.

Background: Angiokeratoma of Fordyce (AF) represents dark red or blue-black papules with a scaly surface located on scrotum, labia majora, and penis. Though usually asymptomatic, bleeding after mechanical trauma and sexual intercourse may occur. AF should be differentiated from malignant melanoma, angiosarcoma, and other pigmented lesions. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017 Jul-Aug;83(4):470-472

Department of Pathology, Marques de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, C/Avda. de Valdecilla s/n E-39008, Santander, Spain.

Dermatol Online J 2016 05 15;22(5). Epub 2016 May 15.

Setor de Dermatologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Fordyce angiokeratoma is a benign skin neoplasm, characterized by erythematous-violet keratotic papules with mamillated surface, which follows a chronic and minimally symptomatic course. However, symptoms can be related such as itching, burning, bleeding, dyspareunia; aesthetic and social concerns may prompt request for treatment. The condition mainly affects men and usually occurs in the scrotum, but rarely may occur in women. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2016 Jun;151(3):322-3

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy -

Cutis 2015 Nov;96(5):329-32

Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

We report the case of a 66-year-old man with adult-onset seizures and multiple cerebral cavernous malformations who developed numerous eruptive cutaneous angiokeratomas on the legs, scrotum, abdomen, and back as well as lobular and cavernous hemangiomas on the arms. Genetic analysis demonstrated a mutation in the KRIT1, ankyrin repeat containing gene (also known as CCM1). Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2016 7;27(3):270-4. Epub 2015 Oct 7.

a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Hospital , Cairo , Egypt.

Background: Angiokeratoma of Fordyce is typically asymptomatic, blue-to-red papules with a scaly surface located on the scrotum, shaft of penis or labia majora. They can be treated with some locally destructive treatment modalities such as excision, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy and laser.

Objectives: To compare the effects of the pulsed dye laser versus long pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of angiokeratoma of Fordyce. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2015 May-Jun;90(3 Suppl 1):150-2

R.G. Kar Medical College, West Bengal, IN.

The term 'angiokeratoma' includes a wide range of dermatological conditions of hyperkeratotic vascular disorders with a similar histologic combination of hyperkeratosis and superficial dermal vascular ectasia. Angiokeratomas can be classified into localized and systemic forms. Angiokeratoma of Fordyce (AKF) is a localized form of angiokeratoma, clinically characterized by 1- to 6-mm, black, blue, or dark red, dome-shaped papules located on the scrotum, shaft of penis, labia majora, clitoris, inner thigh, and lower abdomen. Read More

Dermatology 2015 24;231(3):213-6. Epub 2015 Jul 24.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

We describe a unique patient with multiple angiokeratomas on both upper eyelids and on the scrotum. We review the literature and discuss the pathogenetic relationship. Angiokeratomas are described as vascular lesions, which are defined histologically as one or several dilated blood vessel(s) covered by a keratotic layer. Read More

Scand J Urol 2016 14;50(1):88-9. Epub 2015 Jul 14.

a 1 Department of Dermatology Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden, The Netherlands.

The current case report describes a 35-year-old man who presented with unilateral scrotal angiomas. The presence of unilateral scrotal angiomas was associated with an underlying varicocele on the ipsilateral side due to increased venous pressure. In case of unilateral scrotal angiomas further examination for underlying pathology is necessary. Read More

Urology 2015 Jun;85(6):e47-8

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Burn Unit, Bayview Campus, Baltimore, MD.

Angiokeratomas are benign vascular ectasias that can present with bleeding or cosmetic concerns. We present an extreme case of Fordyce angiokeratoma. Usual treatment modalities, including medical management with analgesics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, as well as laser treatments, were not viable options in this unique case. Read More

J Emerg Med 2015 Aug 10;49(2):192-3. Epub 2015 Jun 10.

Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Association Hospital, West Haven, Connecticut.

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014 Oct 24;40(5):240-5. Epub 2014 Oct 24.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.

Angiokeratoma is a benign cutaneous lesion of the capillaries, presenting as dilated vessels in the upper part of the dermis. Although this disorder is classified into various types and has been occasionally reported in the skin of the scrotum or extremities, the involvement of the oral cavity mucosa has been rarely reported. The present study reports a case of angiokeratoma circumscriptum in the buccal mucosa. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2014 Jul-Sep;21(3):287-8

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Angiokeratoma is a rare, usually acquired muco-cutaneous wart-like vascular lesion that is frequently reported in the scrotum. Bleeding may occur if angiokeratoma is excoriated or traumatized. We report an exceedingly rare solitary eyelid angiokeratoma in an otherwise normal middle aged male. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2014 Feb;149(1):157-9

Department of Dermatology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Etlik, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey -

Pan Afr Med J 2014 12;19:376. Epub 2014 Dec 12.

Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.

BMJ Case Rep 2013 Sep 19;2013. Epub 2013 Sep 19.

Department of Medicine, CHP, Porto, Portugal.

Dermatol Surg 2013 Oct 29;39(10):1547-8. Epub 2013 Jul 29.

Department of Dermatology, Iizuka City Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Indian J Dermatol 2013 May;58(3):242

Department of Dermatology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India.

Angiokeratoma of Fordyce occurring over vulva is rare. Angiokeratoma of Fordyce commonly occurs in males over scrotum or penile shaft and presents as multiple verrucous reddish papules. They are usually asymptomatic and noticed accidentally. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013 May 7;140(5):341-6. Epub 2013 Mar 7.

Clinique dermatologique, université de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Background: Port-wine stains or capillary malformations are generally congenital. Very few cases of acquired port-wine stains in adults have been described, and these occur particularly after trauma.

Patients And Method: We report three cases of acquired port-wine stains and we performed a review of the literature using the keywords "port-wine stain", "capillary malformation", "angioma" and "acquired" in the Medline database PubMed. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2012 Nov-Dec;22(6):818-9

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Mar 20;104(2):163-4. Epub 2012 Aug 20.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Dr. José Molina Orosa, Lanzarote, España.

Indian J Dermatol 2012 May;57(3):228-9

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

We report a 60-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of painless red raised lesions involving the tongue and scrotum. Histopathology was suggestive of angiokeratoma. Oral angiokeratomas are most commonly found as a component of the generalized systemic disorder in Fabry's disease or fucosidosis. Read More

N Engl J Med 2012 Mar;366(13):1240

Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012 Feb 9;139(2):161-2. Epub 2012 Jan 9.

Service de dermatologie, faculté de médecine, université de Tunis El-Manar, hôpital Habib-Thameur, 8, rue Ali-Ben-Ayed, 1008 Montfleury-Tunis, Tunisie.

Indian Pediatr 2012 Jan;49(1):80

Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India.

Aktuelle Urol 2012 Mar 14;43(2):121-2. Epub 2011 Oct 14.

Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.

This article reports on the effective and quick treatment of angioceratoma scroti sive vulvae Fordyce using a 940-nm diode laser. Up to now the usage of this laser has not been described for this indication and we show that it provides a successful therapeutic alternative with few side effects. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2011 Mar-Apr;86(2):333-5

Dermatology Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Angiokeratomas are benign tumors characterized by ectasia of blood vessels in the papillary dermis associated with acanthosis and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis. Dermatological examination of angiokeratomas of Fordyce is characterized by papular keratotic lesions of erythematous-violet color. They are more common in the scrotum, and vulvar involvement is rarely reported. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2011 Jul 4;36(5):506-8. Epub 2011 Apr 4.

Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder. The prevalence and clinical spectrum is higher than previously thought. The average time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis is 10 years. Read More

J Emerg Trauma Shock 2010 Oct;3(4):416-7

Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, R.G. Kar Medical College, 1, Khudiram Bose Sarani, Kolkata 700 004, India.

We report a case of acute scrotal hemorrhage from multiple angiokeratomas on scrotum, because of the rarity of the condition and to emphasize the importance of considering this condition in the evaluation of acute scrotal bleeding. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2010 Oct;36(10):1634-7

Department of Dermatology, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam, Korea.

Dermatol Online J 2009 Oct 15;15(10):14. Epub 2009 Oct 15.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Angiokeratomas are benign proliferations of dilated thin-walled blood vessels in the upper dermis with overlying epidermal hyperkeratosis. There are several clinical variants of angiokeratomas: 1. Fordyce: smooth reddish-purple papules on scrotum or vulva; 2. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010 Jun 11;24(6):737-8. Epub 2009 Nov 11.

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2009 Jun;25(3):166-8

Civaş Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.

Various laser treatment modalities for angiokeratomas have been reported in the literature. A 60-year-old male patient presented for the treatment of multiple angiokeratomas of the scrotum and a 56-year-old female patient presented for the treatment of vulvar angiokeratomas. A 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to treat the patients' lesions. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2009 Jan 8;35(1):92-7. Epub 2008 Dec 8.

Department of Dermatology, Meram Medical Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.

Background: Angiokeratomas are typically asymptomatic, blue-to-red papules with a scaly surface located on the scrotum, shaft of penis, labia majora, inner thigh, or lower abdomen. The treatment of angiokeratomas may be necessary if they bleed and lead to patient anxiety.

Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of long-pulse 1,064 neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the treatment of angiokeratomas of Fordyce. Read More

J Clin Gastroenterol 2008 Jul;42(6):715-9

Department of Paediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Congenital lymphangiectasia-lymphedema is a rare disorder that presents with edema of the lower half of the body, the face, hands, and scrotum, or with protein-losing enteropathy owing to structural anomalies in the endothelium of the lymphatic system. We describe a biopsy-proven case of severe lymphangiectasia-lymphedema in a 16-year-old boy who was born to consanguineous parents and who, in addition, had mild (20 to 40 dB), early onset, sensorineural deafness and skin abnormalities, consisting of angiokeratomas of the face, hands, and feet, and also a large, localized angiokeratoma of the scrotum and the penis (Fordyce type). Both of the proband's parents had profound (>80 dB), congenital, mixed conductive/sensorineural, nonsyndromic deafness to low-mid frequencies. Read More

Urology 2007 Mar;69(3):576.e13-4

Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester National Heath Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.

Penile cancer requires careful clinical follow-up. Therefore, when a patient presented with a florid papillary lesion at his penectomy site, it was immediately biopsied. The histologic examination, however, revealed a benign angiokeratoma with no evidence of recurrent cancer. Read More

Urology 2006 Oct;68(4):891.e1-3

Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Angiokeratomas are benign cutaneous vascular lesions characterized by dilated thin-walled blood vessels lying in the upper part of the dermis, mostly associated with an epidermal reaction such as acanthosis and/or hyperkeratosis. Angiokeratomas of Fordyce are predominantly located on the scrotum and are only rarely found on the penis and then usually on the glans penis. We report a rare case of angiokeratoma of Fordyce located on the shaft of the penis and associated with two recurrences after appropriate surgical excision. Read More

Emerg Med J 2006 Oct;23(10):e57

University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.

A 26-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a spontaneous 30 min bleed from his scrotal skin. He showed no other symptoms and denied any past medical history. He was exclusively sexually active, systemically well and haemodynamically stable. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2006 Sep;32(9):1147-50

Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background: Angiokeratomas of Fordyce are typically asymptomatic vascular lesions characterized by blue-to-red papules with a scale surface, most often located on the scrotum. Although considered benign, the lesions may bleed, either spontaneously or secondary to rupture, leading to patient anxiety and social embarrassment.

Objective: The objective was to determine the safety and effectiveness of 585-nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of angiokeratomas of Fordyce. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2006 ;86(1):92-3

MMW Fortschr Med 2005 Nov;147(45):69

Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie der Universität Essen.

Arch Dermatol 2005 Oct;141(10):1325-6

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2004 ;12(2):96-8

Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

A 33-year-old man presented with a history of a penile ulcer of four days' duration. He was immediately treated with 2.4 million IU of benzathine penicillin IM and tested for syphilis, but subsequently proved non-reactive. Read More

J Dermatol 2004 Jan;31(1):39-41

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.

A 21-year-old patient with a six-year history of asymptomatic papular lesions on his scrotum is reported. The lesions were limited to one half of the scrotum and associated with subclinical varicocele on the same side. The clinical and histopathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of angiokeratoma scroti. Read More

Dermatology 2003 ;206(2):165-8

Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore of Milan, Italy.

Background: Papular xanthoma (PX) is a rare normolipidemic non-Langerhans cell histiocytoxanthomatosis affecting both children and adults.

Objective: We describe an adult case of PX associated with angiokeratoma of Fordyce and review the literature in order to compare and discuss previous reports.

Methods: We studied the clinical, histopathological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural findings. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2002 ;82(3):208-10

Cutis 2002 Jan;69(1):50-1

Department of Dermatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

Two men presented with asymptomatic diffuse redness of the scrotum. Examination showed angiokeratoma of Fordyce (AF), an associated finding. In our practice, AF and diffuse scrotal redness co-occur in 50% of patients. Read More