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Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Lyra Therapeutics, Inc, Watertown, MA.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients who fail medical management have few treatment options other than endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). A novel biodegradable mometasone furoate drug delivery system (LYR-210) providing continuous topical steroid therapy to sinonasal mucosa over 24 weeks was developed to treat unoperated CRS patients who have failed medical management prior to ESS. LYR-210 was designed to slowly expand in the middle meatus, ensuring efficient drug delivery as mucosal swelling reduces. Read More

Eur J Anaesthesiol 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

From the Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary (KV), Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (NS), Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK (MT), Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation pédiatrique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France (FV) and Department of Anaesthesia, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (WH).

Background: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, the most frequently performed surgical procedure in children, is a strong predictor for peri-operative respiratory complications. However, there is no clear information about peri-operative respiratory severe critical events (SCEs) associated with anaesthesia management of ENT children in Europe.

Objective: To characterise the epidemiology and incidence of respiratory SCEs during and following ENT surgery in Europe and to identify the risk factors for their occurrence. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Jan;60(1):134-146

Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Purpose: Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, often remains undetected until irreversible vision loss has occurred. Treatments focus on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), the only modifiable and readily measurable risk factor. However, IOP can vary and does not always predict disease progression. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2019 Jan 23;110:142-147. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz University Medical Center, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

Introduction & Objectives: Percutaneous nephrostomy [1] has emerged as a pivotal approach in the therapeutic management of the obstructed urinary tract. A consecutive incorporation of ultrasonic and radiographic guidance, the approach experienced an almost ubiquitious distribution while most centers currently applying either one or both of these tools jointly. However, success of ultrasound-guidance is limited in obese patients and non-dilated uropathy. Read More

Br J Surg 2019 Jan 20;106(2):e138-e150. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Background: In 2015, six indicators were proposed to evaluate global progress towards access to safe, affordable and timely surgical and anaesthesia care. Although some have been adopted as core global health indicators, none has been evaluated systematically. The aims of this study were to assess the availability, comparability and utility of the indicators, and to present available data and updated estimates. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Dec 20;12:CD012033. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, Helsinki, Finland, PB 266 00029.

Background: Inadequate pain management after surgery increases the risk of postoperative complications and may predispose for chronic postsurgical pain. Perioperative ketamine may enhance conventional analgesics in the acute postoperative setting.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative intravenous ketamine in adult patients when used for the treatment or prevention of acute pain following general anaesthesia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Dec 14;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 14.

ENT Department, Ain Al-Khaleej Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.

We describe a case of a 15-year-old girl who presented to our clinic with long-standing right-sided rhinorrhoea which was occasionally foul-smelling and blood-stained with no other symptom of note. She had been treated many times with antibiotics. On examination, a rhinolith was discovered impacted posteriorly in right nasal cavity with mucopurulent discharge. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2018 Dec 19:1-10. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

ENT Department,Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust,UK.

Background: Surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media performed in low- and middle-income countries creates specific challenges. This paper describes the equipment and a variety of techniques that we find best suited to these conditions. These have been used over many years in remote areas of Nepal. Read More

Front Syst Neurosci 2018 3;12:59. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States.

Tinnitus and hyperacusis are life-disrupting perceptual abnormalities that are often preceded by acoustic overexposure. Animal models of overexposure have suggested a link between these phenomena and neural hyperactivity, i.e. Read More

Medicines (Basel) 2018 Dec 12;5(4). Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Biochemist, Gerberweg 7, 24211 Preetz, Germany.

This editorial describes a new hypothesis concerning the nature and possible mechanisms of the Nogier reflex or reflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC; also vascular autonomic signal VAS). A multimodal concept for future RAC research is proposed. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

APHP, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Intestinal Failure, Beaujon Hospital, 92110, Clichy, France.

Objectives: To identify treatments likely to prevent progression towards irreversible transmural intestinal necrosis (ITIN) in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI).

Methods: Prospective observational cohort study from a French intestinal stroke center. Multivariate analysis using a time-dependent Cox regression model. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2018 Jul-Sep;11(3):150-152

AboutSkin Dermatology and DermSurgery, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Background And Objective: Reconstructing the contours of the auricle is a unique challenge. Various bolster techniques have been tried to help prevent complications such as hematoma, seroma, and morbidity. Here, we describe a simple technique using a button to maintain the natural ear contour when it is at risk of a poor aesthetic outcome. Read More

Local Reg Anesth 2018 15;11:91-109. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Anesthesiology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,

Regional anesthesia is becoming increasingly popular among anesthesiologists in the management of postoperative analgesia following pediatric surgery. The main objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the last 5 years of randomized controlled trials on the role of regional anesthesia techniques in alleviating postoperative pain associated with various pediatric surgical procedures. Forty studies on 2,408 pediatric patients were evaluated. Read More

CMAJ 2018 Dec;190(49):E1434-E1440

Faculty of Health (Latimer), Dalhousie University; Centre for Pediatric Pain Research (Latimer, MacLeod, Sylliboy, Filiaggi, Finley), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Department of Integrated Studies (Sylliboy), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Eskasoni Health Centre (Rudderham), Eskasoni, NS; Departments of Surgery (Lethbridge) and Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine (Finley), and School of Physiotherapy (Harman), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.

Background: Indigenous youth have higher rates of chronic health conditions interfering with healthy development, including high rates of ear, dental, chest and musculoskeletal pain, as well as headache, arthritis and mental health issues. This study explores differences in pain-related diagnoses in First Nations and non-First Nations children.

Methods: Data from a study population of age- and sex-matched First Nations and non-First Nations children and youth were accessed from a specific region of Atlantic Canada. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019 Mar 14;13:32-33. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To describe a child with primary congenital glaucoma found to have pigment tissue proliferation in the angle following multiple applications of trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation.

Observations: During examination under anaesthesia, a 4-year-old girl was found to have pigmented tissue overlying the trabecular meshwork. Anterior segment ocular coherence tomography confirmed mounds of abnormal tissue in the angle. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Dec;142(6):1468-1475

New York, N.Y.; Boston, Mass.; and Dallas, Texas From the Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Hospital; Harvard Plastic Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital; and the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

Background: The gluteal lift ("Brazilian butt lift") has improved significantly in technique and in outcomes. Some postulate that fat embolism occurs because of damage to veins superficial to the gluteus muscles and that fat must be injected intramuscularly to achieve satisfactory aesthetic results. The purpose of this article is to present data where gluteal lift is performed under local anesthesia, address safety concerns, and clarify these speculations. Read More

Can J Anaesth 2019 Feb 27;66(2):218-229. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Program in Global Surgery, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

In the Sustainable Development Goals era, there is a new awareness of the need for an integrated approach to healthcare interventions and a strong commitment to Universal Health Coverage. To achieve the goal of strengthening entire health systems, surgery, as a crosscutting treatment modality, is indispensable. For any health system strengthening exercise, baseline data and longitudinal monitoring of progress are necessary. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(13):5599-5614

Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Purpose: Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease that occurs primarily in women, and is associated with lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous-deficient dry eye. We hypothesize that sex-associated differences in lacrimal gland gene expression are very important in promoting lymphocyte accumulation in this tissue and contribute to the onset, progression, and/or severity of the inflammatory disease process. To test our hypothesis, we explored the nature and extent of sex-related differences in gene expression in autoimmune lacrimal glands. Read More

Lung 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Pulmonary Division, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Purpose: There is clinical significance to a delay in response time for detecting desaturation by pulse oximetry. Our aim in this study was to compare the response time of the reflectance and transmittance saturation probes during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) under monitored anesthesia care.

Methods: A prospective study included 104 patients scheduled for FOB. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2018 Nov 25. Epub 2018 Nov 25.

Department of Anaesthesia, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK.

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia usage in children remains relatively unpopular in the UK and Ireland. A postal survey by Hill et al in 2008 indicated that only 26% of Consultants used a propofol infusion at least once a month.

Aims: Following an increase in teaching and training opportunities in pediatric total intravenous anesthesia in the UK, we repeated the survey among Consultant members of Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia, to see if this had affected total intravenous anesthesia usage in children and how practice may have changed. Read More

J Neurosci Methods 2019 Jan 20;312:65-72. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Small-animal MRI is an important investigative tool for basic and preclinical research. High-resolution anatomical and functional studies of the brain require artifact-free images that are acquired with a highly sensitive radiofrequency (RF) coil.

New Method: The animal holder plays an important role in mitigating image artifacts: motion artifacts are reduced by immobilizing the animal and geometric-distortion artifacts are reduced by accurately positioning the animal to improve static-field shimming. Read More

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Anesthesiology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Background: For sinus surgery, some centers favor total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) over inhalation anesthesia. However, whether TIVA affects the patient's perceived quality of recovery remains unclear. This study used the Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire (QoR-40) to compare patient recovery between surgical patients who received TIVA and those who received desflurane (DES) anesthesia. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2018 Dec 19;28(12):1129-1135. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

Background: A tracheocutaneous fistula is a known complication following tracheostomy decannulation. Although surgical techniques for its repair are well described, there is no consensus about perioperative management and this procedure may generate significant airway and respiratory complications intraoperatively, and in the early postoperative period. We aimed to describe variations in perioperative management in tracheocutaneous fistula closure, estimate the incidence of early airway and respiratory complications, and identify any predisposing factors. Read More

J Anesth 2018 Nov 12. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Purpose: Facemask ventilation during the induction of general anesthesia in paediatric patients remains a challenge as it may result in hypoxic conditions and gastric insufflation with subsequent regurgitation and aspiration. So far, it is unclear if pressure-controlled or manual facemask ventilation is preferable in children. We hypothesized that pressure-controlled ventilation in apnoeic children results in lower peak airway pressure and flow rates compared to manual ventilation at comparable respiratory rates and tidal volumes. Read More

Minerva Anestesiol 2018 Oct 30. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Pediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Brugada syndrome is characterized by arrhythmogenic risk that may be exacerbated by different metabolic and pharmacological factors. Since its first description, knowledge of this syndrome and its detection by physicians belonging to different specialties have gradually increased. The risk of arrhythmias is well known to increase in the postoperative period, and this risk is particularly accentuated in patients with Brugada syndrome. Read More

Auris Nasus Larynx 2018 Oct 29. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cologne, Germany.

Objective: To examine if vestibular irritation after stapes surgery may be provoked by pressure changes across the tympanic membrane, which consecutively results in displacements of the ossicular chain and the piston prosthesis suspended to it.

Methods: In this prospective study 15 patients (13 female, 2 male) received unilateral stapes surgery (4 left, 11 right ear) with stapedotomy (n=14) or stapedectomy (n=1) at an academic tertiary referral center. Surgery was performed under local anesthesia via a transmeatal approach with a piston prosthesis 0. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2018 Dec 29;28(12):1136-1141. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Pediatric Critical Care and Anaesthesia, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.

Introduction: The safety of cuffed endotracheal tubes in the neonatal and critically ill pediatric population continues to be questioned due to the theoretical risk of acquired subglottic stenosis. The incidence of acquired subglottic stenosis in the high-risk mixed surgical and medical critically ill pediatric cohort using high-volume, low-pressure cuffed endotracheal tube policy has not yet been described. The aim of our study was to describe and evaluate the use and complication rate of cuffed ETT's in our unit over a 5-year period. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2019 Jan;116(1):67-72

Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Köln, Deutschland.

Background: Keratoprosthetics refer to the replacement of human corneal tissue with an artificially produced exchange product. The most widely implanted keratoprosthesis worldwide is the Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis (BI-KPro, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA).

Methods: This video article demonstrates the surgical technique of BI-KPro implantation as routinely performed at this institution. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2018 Oct 22. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Pediatric Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Scotland.

Surgical approach for mirror-form of circumflex aortic arch with a long-segment hypoplasia is described. Instead of "uncrossing" the arch, posterior aortic translocation aorta is required for the mirror-form. These surgical strategies addressed all the associated patho-mechanisms: (i) relief of vascular ring, (ii) removal of posterior arch compression on the trachea, and (iii) correct any arch obstruction. Read More

Anesth Analg 2019 Jan;128(1):e11-e12

Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Betsy Lehman Center for Patient Safety, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Oct 16;2018. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is defined as a sudden onset of parasympathetic dysrhythmias during stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. We describe a peripheral variation of TCR during manipulation of the nasal mucosa. A 42-year-old patient suffering from severe obstructive sleep apnoea was scheduled for surgical treatment. Read More

J Anesth 2018 Dec 15;32(6):872-879. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Purpose: In patients receiving non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery (NIVATS), transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) has been applied instead of oxygen mask for better oxygenation. However, the THRIVE effects on intraoperative temperature decrease have not been investigated.

Methods: Pre- and postoperative temperatures, measured by an infrared tympanic ear thermometer, taken before sending patients to the operation room and immediately upon their arrival in the postoperative anesthesia unit, were collected from medical records of patients who received NIVATS either with oxygen mask or THRIVE. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2018 Nov 16;132(11):1029-1031. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,University Hospital Ostrava,Czech Republic.

Objective: There is currently no general consensus on patulous Eustachian tube management. Injection of autologous fat, cartilage or hydroxylapatite has been described for Eustachian tube occlusion, with promising results. However, complete resolution of symptoms is not achieved in all cases. Read More

Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2018 Sep 22;13(3):388-393. Epub 2018 May 22.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Introduction: Video-assisted mediastinal lymphadenectomy (VAMLA) is a valuable tool for invasive staging of the mediastinum. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) may occur in patients following VAMLA and may result in secretion retention within the lungs, atelectasis and associated infectious situations such as pneumonia. Minimally invasive injection laryngoplasty (ILP) is the treatment of choice in UVCP. Read More

Hear Res 2018 Dec 28;370:40-52. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Background: Bone conduction (BC) is an alternative to air conduction (AC) for stimulation of the inner ear. Stimulation for BC can occur directly on the skull bone, on the skin covering the skull bone, or on soft tissue (i.e. Read More

Auris Nasus Larynx 2018 Oct 1. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Adıyaman University Medical School, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adıyaman, Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of simultaneous bilateral inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasties (BIBCT) using tragal cartilage from one ear in patients with bilateral chronic otitis media (BCOM).

Methods: 33 patients (66 ears) who underwent bilateral inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasties between June 2013 and September 2016 in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey - a tertiary care university teaching hospital. Anatomical success and functional success were assessed postoperatively. Read More

Anesth Essays Res 2018 Jul-Sep;12(3):618-624

Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.

Context: Music therapy is a nonpharmacological modality which can provide promising results for postcesarean section recovery.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of intraoperative meditation music with control group on postcesarean section pain, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, and psychological maternal wellbeing.

Settings And Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 189 patients. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Nov 5;114:147-152. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Center, Division of Craniofacial Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Objective: Several surgical techniques and modifications have been described to reduce the high recurrence rate after excision of preauricular sinus (PAS). This study was designed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of PAS excision using a new modified supra-auricular approach (SAA) and to assess the predisposing factors for recurrence.

Methods: A total of 175 (158 patients) PAS excision procedures were performed from 2007 to 2016 in a single institute using this modified SAA with helix cartilage suture to obliterate the dead space. Read More

Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2018 Dec 24;51(6):1141-1150. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Facial Nerve Center, Vascular Birthmark Institute of New York, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, Lenox Hill Hospital, 210 East 64th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address:

Chronic flaccid facial paralysis (FFP>2 years) may be approached with static and dynamic techniques. A horizontal zonal assessment evaluates the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face. Surgery is tailored to an individual's deficits, goals, and health status. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 25;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Nuclear Medicine Division, Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Neck haematoma following thyroid surgery can present with respiratory distress which is generally attributed to airway obstruction. We recently had a 63-year-old female patient who underwent total thyroidectomy for toxic nodular goitre. However, within 4 hours of surgery, she developed sudden respiratory distress which was managed by prompt evacuation of the neck haematoma. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2018 Mar;57(1):91-95

Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Vukovar General Hospital, Vukovar, Croatia.

Helicobacter (H.) pylori is the cause of one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans. Risk factors for the development of laryngeal cancer are cigarette smoke, alcohol, and human papillomavirus. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2019 Jan 10;121:65-75. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States. Electronic address:

The nitric oxide - guanylyl cyclase-1 - cyclic guanylate monophosphate (NO-GC-1-cGMP) pathway has emerged as a potential pathogenic mechanism for glaucoma, a common intraocular pressure (IOP)-related optic neuropathy characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the optic nerve. NO activates GC-1 to increase cGMP levels, which are lowered by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. This pathway appears to play a role in both the regulation of IOP, where reduced cGMP levels in mice leads to elevated IOP and subsequent RGC degeneration. Read More

Laryngoscope 2019 Jan 8;129(1):96-99. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Doctors Without Borders, Amsterdam, Holland. Noma Project, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Objective: Noma is a devastating and destructive disease of the face for which there is a dearth of information regarding surgical options. Herein, we describe the facial deformities and patient characteristics in a patient population affected by noma and the surgical approaches used in treatment.

Methods: Retrospective case series of a Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) intervention at Sokoto Children's Noma Hospital in northern Nigeria, the highest-volume noma hospital in the world. Read More

Curr Eye Res 2018 Dec 5;43(12):1465-1470. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.

Purpose: To determine if the Schirmer I test (without anesthesia) cut-off value is a predictor of dry eye severity in a large Norwegian cohort of dry eye disease (DED) patients, which are grouped into six levels of tear production.

Methods: Patients (n = 1090) with DED of different etiologies received an extensive dry eye work-up: osmolarity (Osm), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film break-up time (TFBUT), ocular protection index (OPI), ocular surface staining (OSS), Schirmer I test (ST), meibum expressibility (ME), and meibum quality (MQ). Classification of dry eye severity level (DESL) and diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were also included. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2018 Sep 5:1-5. Epub 2018 Sep 5.

St Paul's Rotary Hearing Clinic,Vancouver,Canada.

Background: The successful provision of middle-ear surgery requires appropriate anaesthesia. This may take the form of local or general anaesthesia; both methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Local anaesthesia is simple to administer and does not require the additional personnel required for general anaesthesia. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Oct 11;113:115-118. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.

Objectives: To determine the risk of healthy children undergoing tympanostomy tubes of an additional surgery prior to age three and associated risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients at a tertiary metropolitan children's hospital who underwent tympanostomy tube insertion procedure before age of three from January 2010 through March 2015. We determined patient demographics, indication for tympanostomy tube insertion, as well as information about additional procedures requiring general anesthesia before the age of three years. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2018 Aug;97(8):E39-E42

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, 450 6th Ave., 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 27 patients-7 men and 20 women, aged 47 to 94 years (mean: 71.3)-with symptomatic epiphora secondary to dacryostenosis who had undergone thulium: YAG (Tm:YAG) laser dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Among them, dacryostenosis had been documented in 35 eyes by dacryocystography. Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2018 Dec 30;43(6):1541-1552. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Head and Neck Department, AUSL of Romagna, ENT & Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.

Background: The first edition of the European position paper (EPP) on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) was published in 2014 with the aim to standardise the procedure, to provide an in-depth insight into the main aspects of this technique and to have a basis for future research. Since 2014, new studies have been published concerning new sedative agents or new insights into the pattern/levels of the obstruction depending on the depth of sedation. Therefore, an enlarged group of European experts in the field of sleep breathing disorders (SBD), including the most of the first DISE EPP main authors, has decided to publish an update of the European position paper on DISE, in order to include new evidence and to find a common language useful for reporting the findings of this endoscopic evaluation in adult population affected by SBD. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2018 Aug 16;48(4):737-743. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Background/aim: The number of published papers that compare the incidence of sufentanil- and remifentanil-related postoperative shivering is insufficient. We investigated the incidence of postoperative shivering after total intravenous anesthesia with either sufentanil or remifentanil in patients who underwent elective surgery.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-three patients, with a physical status classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II, were randomly allocated to either the remifentanil–propofol (RP group, n = 40) or sufentanil–propofol (SP group, n = 43) group. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Aug 13. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Plastic surgeon in private practice in Chesterfield, MO.

Background: Anesthesia for elective ambulatory procedures must provide appropriate pain control while minimizing perioperative risk. Local anesthesia in combination with oral sedation provides a safe office-based method of anesthesia for rhytidectomy.

Objectives: The purpose of this analysis was to identify the incidence of traditional outcome parameters in ambulatory rhytidectomy performed with local anesthesia and oral sedation. Read More