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Am J Emerg Med 2021 Apr 27;46:150-155. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, United States of America.

Background: Acute otitis media is often misdiagnosed. Pediatric trainees learn otoscopy from supervisors who cannot concurrently view the eardrum. Digital, smartphone otoscopes show promise to improve the visibility and learning due to a concurrent view by trainees and supervisors. Read More

J Clin Anesth 2021 Apr 24;72:110306. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Study Objective: It is unclear what the body mass index (BMI) should be when performing surgery involving the airway at an outpatient surgery facility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of Class 3 obesity versus a composite cohort of Class 1 and 2 obesity with same-day hospital admission following outpatient tonsillectomy in adults.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. Read More

Audiol Neurootol 2021 Apr 26:1-7. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Liège University, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium.

Introduction: Cochlear implants (CIs) are commonly used for the rehabilitation of profound bilateral hearing loss. However, patients with substantial residual acoustic hearing are potential CI candidates. Because of both improvements in technology and advancements in surgical techniques, it may be possible to preserve hearing to some extent. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2021 Apr 20;14(1):149. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Objective: Deep extubation refers to endotracheal extubation performed while a patient is deeply anesthetized and without airway reflexes. After deep extubation, patients are sent to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to recover, an area with notably different management and staffing than the operating room (OR). One of the most frequent and concerning complications to occur in the PACU is hypoxemia. Read More

Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021 Apr 2;6(2):325-331. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA.

Objectives: Insertion of tympanostomy tubes (TT) is generally accomplished in children in the operating room under general anesthesia. We report on 229 children treated in-office with a novel device.

Methods: Investigators participated in an IRB-approved, prospective, single arm, multisite investigation of in-office TT placement in awake children. Read More

BMC Med Educ 2021 Apr 16;21(1):215. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.

Background: Uganda has an imbalanced distribution of the health workforce, which may be influenced by the specialty career preferences of medical students. In spite of this, there is inadequate literature concerning the factors influencing specialty career preferences. We aimed to determine the specialty career preferences and the factors influencing the preferences among fifth year medical students in the School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS). Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Apr;49(4):300060521999765

Department of Otolaryngology, First Hospital of 12510Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a congenital neck malformation, with a rate of approximately 7% in paediatric patients. TGDC is rarely detected in infants aged younger than 1 year. Even though TGDC is histologically benign, it is associated with preterm delivery or sudden infant death due to airway obstruction, with a mortality rate of 30% to 40%. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2021 Apr 13:1455613211009439. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 475268Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, morphological, and functional outcomes of endoscopic retrograde transcanal mastoidectomy.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Settings: Tertiary Referral Hospital. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 9;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Anaesthesia for patients with huge mediastinal mass is very challenging due to the cardiorespiratory embarrassment that may occur. We present a patient with this condition, which was complicated by total airway obstruction, intraoperatively. We discuss the importance of patient positioning and the role of spontaneous ventilation. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2021 Apr 5. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC.

Introduction: Reconstruction of soft tissue defects after skin cancer excision remains a challenge. Options for reconstruction are numerous, including primary repair, local tissue rearrangement, and skin grafts, among others. In this series, the authors present a novel technique: The triangular dart flap. Read More

J Environ Public Health 2021 19;2021:1804616. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Université de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.

Introduction: Noise is one of the most common worldwide environmental pollutants, especially in occupational fields. As a stressor, it affects not only the ear but also the entire body. Its physiological and psychological impacts have been well established in many conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Read More

Crit Care Med 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY. Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY. Division of Ear Nose and Throat, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY. Division of Critical Care Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY. Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.

Objectives: To assess the impact of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in coronavirus disease 2019 patients requiring mechanical ventilation and the risk for healthcare providers.

Design: Prospective cohort study; patients were enrolled between March 11, and April 29, 2020. The date of final follow-up was July 30, 2020. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 28;13(2):e13616. Epub 2021 Feb 28.

Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang, Klang, MYS.

A tooth in the nasal cavity is an uncommon phenomenon. The exact mechanism is unclear, and patients may present with non-specific nasal symptoms. We encountered a 24-year-old patient with history of cleft palate repair, presenting to us with unilateral nasal discharge not improving with conventional medications. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2021 Mar 22;42(5):103000. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Otolaryngology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.

Objectives: Failures in communication are a leading contributor to medical error. There is increasing attention on cultivating robust communication practices in the Operating Room (OR) to mitigate against patient injury and optimize efficient patient care. Few studies have evaluated how surgical equipment may introduce barriers to team dynamics. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2021 15;38:40. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Department of OBGYN, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Introduction: head and neck cancers have essentially been a disease of the elderly but recent studies are beginning to demonstrate their increasing incidence in young people with infections such as human papilloma virus (HPV). This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of high risk Human papilloma virus (hrHPV) related oropharyngeal carcinoma and its prevalent genotypes as well as their strength of association with HIV in adult Nigerian subjects.

Methods: this was a cross-sectional study of 41 patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas seen over a 2-year period. Read More

Hear Res 2021 May 28;404:108224. Epub 2021 Feb 28.

Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne St RVEEH, Melbourne East 3002,Victoria, Australia; Cochlear Implant Clinic, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne St, Melbourne East 3002, Australia.

Aim: To assess whether a single, peri-operative, high dose of methylprednisolone can improve the preservation of residual acoustic hearing following cochlear implantation (CI).

Methods: This was a double blinded placebo-controlled trial, performed in a tertiary academic centre. The hypothesis was that methylprednisolone would improve the preservation of hearing, and lower electrode impedances. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2021 Mar 26:1455613211000804. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

The larynx is an uncommon location for live foreign bodies. The leech can reach the glottis during consumption of contaminated water but is usually expelled by an effective cough reflex. Patients present with hoarseness and dysphagia and occasionally with dyspnea or hemoptysis. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2021 Mar 25:1455613211006002. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Salivary Bypass Tube is an important tool to prevent or treat some complications of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal surgery and its placement may prove difficult. In this article, we propose a new technique to simplify its management by using an Oral/Nasal Tracheal Tube Cuffed-Reinforced that allowed us to reduce operating times, complications related to prolonged general anesthesia, and the traumas on the tissues incurred during the forced positioning of the device with standard techniques. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 24;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Mount Sinai West And Morningside Hospitals, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA

Evaluation and management of subglottic stenosis in pregnancy is challenging. It often is not only a multidisciplinary approach between obstetricians, otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons) and anesthesiologists, but also requires a thorough understanding of possible foreseen complications by the patient as well. Hence, whenever we are presented with a challenging case requiring multidisciplinary approach involving team of physicians from different specialties, it is routine practice to huddle regarding the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management and care. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Mar 1;80:105664. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain.

Introduction And Importance: Supernumerary teeth are an anomaly characterized by the existence of an additional tooth that may grow in the dental arch region, it a rare occurrence and may be confused with other differential diagnosis, it is important treat such case as they can cause considerable morbidity to the patient.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 16 years old female, not known case of any medical condition, who presented to the Ear, Nose and Throat clinic complaining of nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Physical examination and CT findings revealed a right upper central incisor tooth located in anterior aspect of right inferior meatus. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Mar;56(3):242-248

Head and Neck Cosmetic Surgery Center of Beijing Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China.

To explore the feasibility of reconstruction of nasal tip with septal cartilage and auricular cartilage. From September 2018 to October 2019, 17 patients (two males and fifteen females) with low noses underwent rhinoplasty under general anesthesia. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 39, with an average of 27 years old. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 9;13(2):e13240. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Anesthesiology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, IND.

Initiation of preoxygenation prior to anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation is a commonly recognized technique intended to boost oxygen reservoirs in the body and thus slow the progression of desaturation of arterial hemoglobin at times of apnea. Even though challenges associated with ventilation and intubation are inconsistent, it is preferable for all patients to necessitate preoxygenation. The effectiveness of preoxygenation is measured by its performance and efficiency. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2021 Mar 17:1-5. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, China.

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the differences between underwater continuous drilling and traditional intermittent drilling for attic cholesteatoma.

Methods: The clinical data of 61 patients with attic cholesteatoma who underwent an endoscopic approach procedure were analysed. Forty patients underwent underwater continuous drilling (group A), and 21 patients underwent traditional intermittent drilling (group B). Read More

Hear Res 2021 May 21;404:108216. Epub 2021 Feb 21.

Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-5616, MI, USA. Electronic address:

Mice with chronic cochlear implants can significantly contribute to our understanding of the relationship between cochlear health and implant function because of the availability of molecular tools for controlling conditions in the cochlea and transgenic lines modeling human disease. To date, research in implanted mice has mainly consisted of short-term studies, but since there are large changes in implant function following implant insertion trauma, and subsequent recovery in many cases, longer-term studies are needed to evaluate function and perception under stable conditions. Because frequent anesthetic administration can be especially problematic in mice, a chronic model that can be tested in the awake condition is desirable. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Feb;100(8):e24753

Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung.

Background: Archery has existed in human history for millenniums. Being a unique exercise and precision sport, the keys to performance are emotional control, attention, and concentration rather than explosive force, muscle power, and endurance. During the execution of archery, attention is the key to performance in elite players, especially in the initial period while drawing the bow. Read More

J Vis Exp 2021 02 11(168). Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio;

Within the last ten years, advances in genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have promoted a revolution in in vivo functional imaging. Using calcium as a proxy for neuronal activity, these techniques provide a way to monitor the responses of individual cells within large neuronal ensembles to a variety of stimuli in real time. We, and others, have applied these techniques to image the responses of individual geniculate ganglion neurons to taste stimuli applied to the tongues of live anesthetized mice. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021 Mar 2;73(1):1-5. Epub 2020 Jan 2.

Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, India.

Sore throat is commonly seen after general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. It is distressing for the patient as it delays return to work, increases morbidity and bad memories of the surgical period with disturbances in sleep. This double-blinded prospective randomized study was done to know the efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone in decreasing the incidence of postoperative sore throat at 1, 6 and 24 h after tracheal extubation. Read More

J Perianesth Nurs 2021 Feb 24. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Purpose: Patient comfort is an important concern in patients receiving surgery, but the seriousness of discomfort during recovery is unknown. We investigated the incidence of postoperative discomfort based on the Standardized Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative for patient comfort, and identified the risk factors.

Design: This was a single-center prospective observational study. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2021 Feb 26. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer Campus, Brighton, UK.

Lower respiratory infections are often caused or precipitated by viruses and are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Mutations in these viral genomes can produce highly infectious strains that transmit across species and have the potential to initiate epidemic, or pandemic, human viral respiratory disease. Transmission between humans primarily occurs via the airborne route and is accelerated by our increasingly interconnected and globalised society. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 26;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 26.

ENT/Otolaryngology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Glottic stenosis can be an unexpected finding during an intubation, causing difficulties that may result in a 'can't intubate, can't ventilate' situation. We present a case of a patient who required an emergency tracheostomy, in the setting of a failed intubation secondary to glottic stenosis. The patient underwent open laryngotracheal reconstruction, followed by tracheostomy decannulation 2 months post-surgery. Read More