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Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2021 03 12;78(1):64-67. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba.

Introduction: COVID-19 disease is an acute viral pneumonia with multiple extrapulmonary manifestations, including certain hematological alterations. The leukoerythroblastic reaction or leukoerythroblastosis is defined by the presence in peripheral blood of nucleated erythroid cells and immature myeloids. Among its most frequent causes is medullary invasion by solid tumors and hematological neoplasms, so the recognition and consequent study of this reaction is extremely important. Read More

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020 Nov 9:1049909120969963. Epub 2020 Nov 9.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: Myelophthisis (MPT) has been associated with a dreadful prognosis. Patients' access to palliative care (PC) and factors influencing its clinical outcomes are poorly described. Our aim was to analyze the impact of patient- and disease-specific characteristics on survival of patients with MPT and describe their use of PC in a resource-limited setting. Read More

Am J Hematol 2020 08 6;95(8):999-1000. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Department of Pathology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.

Medicina (B Aires) 2019 ;79(4):295-298

Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The infiltration of the bone marrow y non-hematopoietic cells is called myelophthisis. In patients with gastric cancer, this invasion is extremely infrequent and the survival is usually less than three months. We present the case of a 35-year-old man with bone marrow involvement secondary to diffuse gastric carcinoma of signet ring cells. Read More

J Oncol Pract 2019 06 9;15(6):343-345. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

1 Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.

Cureus 2018 Nov 4;10(11):e3541. Epub 2018 Nov 4.

Hematology / Oncology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA.

Breast tumors have a predilection for metastasizing to the bone leading to cells being displaced by the cancer cells subsequently producing immature leukocytes and erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. We present a case of a 57-year-old female who was found to have myelophthisic anemia secondary to stage four lobular breast carcinoma metastasized to the bone marrow after being misdiagnosed as having thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura. Diagnosis of myelophthisic anemia requires a thorough workup and treatment is based upon secondary management of the malignancy. Read More

Blood 2018 03;131(9):1036

Stanford University School of Medicine.

J Trop Pediatr 2018 12;64(6):553-556

Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo 1929, Mozambique.

Background: Leukoerythroblastosis, a non-specific and often short-lasting response of the bone marrow to different diseases such as malignancies or infections, is characterized by the presence in the peripheral blood of immature red and white cells.

Methods: We present a case of leukoerythoblastosis occurring in a 24 months old Mozambican girl, in the context of a severe malaria episode and an associated urinary tract infection. Peripheral blood smear was used for diagnosis of malaria and leukoerythroblastosis. Read More

Eur J Intern Med 2018 02 8;48:e7-e8. Epub 2017 Jul 8.

Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address:

J Immunother Cancer 2017 18;5:34. Epub 2017 Apr 18.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA.

Background: Myelophthisis due to melanoma is a rare phenomenon. Treatment strategies for patients with this serious complication of malignancy have not been well documented, and none have previously reported efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. Since bone metastases are not measurable lesions per standard response criteria, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in the bones is also not well described. Read More

Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2016 ;73(4):297-301

Primary splenic angiosarcoma is an extremely agressive and rare neoplasm. Manifestations as bone marrow invasion and coagulation disorders have been reported isolatedly. A 26 years-old woman presented with abdominal pain; several anemia and thrombocytopenia associated to leukoerythroblastic reaction were found in the laboratory. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2016 08 22;165(3):226-7. Epub 2016 Mar 22.

Br J Haematol 2015 Jan 13;168(2):161. Epub 2014 Oct 13.

Department of Haematology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.

Clin Colorectal Cancer 2014 Sep 23;13(3):e5-e11. Epub 2014 Jun 23.

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Blood 2014 Mar;123(12):1784

BMJ Case Rep 2014 Mar 12;2014. Epub 2014 Mar 12.

Department of Medicina I, Hospital Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal.

BMJ Case Rep 2014 Mar 5;2014. Epub 2014 Mar 5.

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Gaziantep Childrens' Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Megaloblastic anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency is rare in childhood. However, as most cases are due to maternal insufficiency, it is mainly seen in breastfed infants especially when the mother's socioeconomic status is low and the nutrition is not adequate. We present case of two Syrian refugee infants with severe vitamin B12 deficiency with pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and leukoerythroblastosis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2014 Jan 31;2014. Epub 2014 Jan 31.

Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.

The association of metastatic breast cancer presenting as thrombocytopenia and anaemia is demonstrated in the following case of a 79-year-old woman. Her main symptoms were abdominal pain, altered bowel habit and weight loss. Without a clear causative pathology, she underwent a CT scan which demonstrated multiple sclerotic bone lesions. Read More

Br J Haematol 2013 Aug 24;162(4):432. Epub 2013 Jun 24.

Department of Haematology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

Am J Dermatopathol 2013 Apr;35(2):e34-6

Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Background: While basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains the most common skin cancer, the incidence of metastasis is rare. Most cases of metastatic BCC have been to regional lymph nodes. Metastasis to bone marrow with myelophthisic anemia is especially rare. Read More

Am J Hematol 2012 May 3;87(5):461-4. Epub 2012 Mar 3.

Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030-2399, USA.

Primary myelofibrosis is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by cytopenias, leukoerythroblastosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, hepatosplenomegaly and bone marrow fibrosis. Primary myelofibrosis is a rare disorder in adults; children are even less commonly affected by this entity, with the largest pediatric case series reporting on three patients. Most literature suggests spontaneous resolution of myelofibrosis without long term complications in the majority of affected children. Read More

Am J Hematol 2012 May 26;87(5):520. Epub 2011 Sep 26.

Department of Paediatric Haematology, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK.

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2011 Jul-Sep;54(3):659-60

Am J Hematol 2011 Jan;86(1):70-1

Ematologia/Coagulazione, Laboratorio di Chimica-Clinica, Ematologia e Microbiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Antonio Abate, Varese, Gallarate, Italy.

Pathol Res Pract 2011 Feb 5;207(2):121-3. Epub 2010 Aug 5.

Haematopathology Residency Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Despite modern technological advancements in laboratory hematology, the blood film remains an important diagnostic aid. Herein, we report the case of a patient with a history of gastric cancer, who presented seven years following apparently successful surgery and adjuvant chemo-radio-therapy, with blood film findings of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, and leukoerythroblastosis (LEB). Although mimicking features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), subsequent bone marrow examination instead revealed an association with occult recurrence of necrotic, metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010 Dec;55(6):1187-90

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome (GHDD) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by increased bone density and a severe, myelophthisic anemia. Few cases have been reported worldwide and there are no detailed descriptions of the associated hematologic abnormalities and long-term clinical outcomes after treatment. Here, we report two siblings with GHDD who were successfully treated with chronic, low dose, corticosteroid therapy. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2010 Sep 6;14 Suppl 3:e379-80. Epub 2010 Jul 6.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009 Sep;108(3):e56-65

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

Osteopetrosis represents a heterogeneous group of rare, hereditary bone disorders with variable clinical features and an increase in bone density. The common clinical findings that usually lead to the detection of the disease are fractures and osteomyelitis of the mandible. We report 4 cases of osteopetrosis, complicated by osteomyelitis of the jaws. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2009 Jul-Sep;52(3):363-7

Department of Hematology, VM Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Normocytic anaemia is caused either by hypoproliferation of haemopoietic tissue or increased destruction of red cell. Osteopetrosis is a rare cause of anaemia. The leading clinical features are pallor, growth failure, hepatosplenomegaly. Read More