Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Anat Sci Int 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, 262, Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea.

Oxidative stress contributes to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and diabetic neuropathy. Despite the greater capability of peripheral nerves to regenerate compared with those in the brain or spinal cord, chronic oxidative stress leads to irreversible neurodegeneration in peripheral nerves. Thus, many efforts have been made to defend against irreversible peripheral nerve degeneration and oxidative stress. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, Cairo, 12211, Egypt.

This study aimed to objectively assess the influence of phase of respiration on thoracic conformation at different vertebral levels. An observational prospective study was done on 30 German shepherd dogs. Thoracic radiographs were obtained at peak inspiration and expiration; thoracic depth and width were measured at each vertebral level. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.

In the original publication, the given name and family name of the last author was incorrectly published. The correct given name and family name should be "R. Shane" and "Tubbs". Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Division of Healthcare, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, DeSales University, 2755 Station Avenue, Center Valley, PA, 18034-9568, USA.

Unique variants of the pectoralis major and biceps brachii were found during a routine student dissection of a 96-year-old Caucasian female's axilla and brachium. The donor cadaver had bilateral presentation of a muscle originating from the pectoralis major, near the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove, extending obliquely to insert on the medial intermuscular septum and medial epicondyle of the humerus. This muscle variant is currently described as a rare presentation of the chondroepitrochlearis, potentially a remnant of the panniculus carnosus in man. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Feb 26. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.

The aim of this study was to show the incidence of vertebral artery of aortic arch origin, its level of entry into transverse foramen, including extra- and intracranial morphometry, and clinical significance. A total of 266 embalmed cadavers were studied. We found 14 left vertebral arteries (5. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and location of accessory mental foramen (AMF) in a Turkish population using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT).

Method: CBCT images of 1005 patients were retrospectively reviewed from the archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University. The prevalence, size, and localization of AMFs were assessed according to gender and age. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.

During an educational dissection of a 72-year-old Chinese male cadaver, the hemiazygos vein (HAV) coursing the left side that drains into the persistent left superior vena cava was observed. The HAV was formed at the junction of the 9th to 11th right posterior intercostal veins, right subcostal vein, 5th to 11th left posterior intercostal veins, and left subcostal vein; it then ascended posteriorly to the thoracic aorta. After collecting the accessory hemiazygos vein, it crossed over the aorta and the pedicle of the left lung via the hemiazygos arch, then converged with a communicative branch (vein of Marshall) that emerged from the left brachiocephalic vein to form the persistent left superior vena cava and entered the pericardium at the level of the sixth thoracic vertebra. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.

This study demonstrates sexual dimorphism in feline bones based on morphometric analysis of dried flat bones (scapula and os coxa) and long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula) of 92 felines (50 male, 42 female). A total of 58 parameters (flat bones: scapula = 4 and os coxa = 7; long bones: humerus = 8, radius = 9, ulna = 10, femur = 9, tibia = 7, and fibula = 4) were measured using a digital vernier caliper. Twenty-three parameters were found to be significantly different between cats of different sexes and skull shapes. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University At Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.

We observed the morphology of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate) and their underlying connective tissue cores (CTCs) in Abyssinian black-and-white colobus monkeys using light and scanning electron microscopy. The tongues of both juvenile and senescent individuals were relatively short in the rostro-caudal direction, with a rounded apex. Lingual tori were absent. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.

Several methods have been developed to regenerate lost alveolar bone. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a useful adjunct for new bone formation in dentistry. To elucidate the effect of advanced PRF (A-PRF) on bone formation, we inserted A-PRF clots in sockets after tooth extraction. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.

The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. It descends medial and anterior to the inferior alveolar nerve through the pterygomandibular space, runs by the lingual plate and lingual crest at the lower third molar closely, and supplies sensory fibers to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Therefore, injury of this nerve is occasionally induced by wisdom tooth extraction and could lead to paralysis of the tongue. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 7;94(2):216-223. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the sectorial and segmental arterial branching (second- and third-order branching) in the right and left hemilivers, as knowledge of this branching should lead to improved vascular mapping for various endovascular procedures in the liver. The study was conducted on 100 formalin-fixed adult cadaveric livers. The arterial anatomy of the liver was dissected from the origin of the hepatic arteries to their segmental branches. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 2;94(2):209-215. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Formaldehyde (FA) is frequently used to embalm human cadavers that are employed to teach gross anatomy to medical and dental students. However, exposure to FA is harmful to both students and educators. The aim of this study was to reduce the FA levels in the anatomy dissection hall by spraying an FA scavenger solution. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 1;94(2):199-208. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.

Neurons are classified into several morphological types according to the locations of their somata and the branching patterns of their axons and dendrites. Recent studies suggest that these morphological features are related to their physiological properties, including firing characteristics, responses to neuromodulators, and wiring patterns. Therefore, rapid morphological identification of electrophysiologically recorded neurons promises to advance our understanding of neuronal circuits. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 1;94(2):192-198. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box: 15745-133, Tehran, Iran.

In this study we examined the ontogenic development of the digestive tract of Vimba bream (Vimba vimba, Family: Cyprinidae) during the first 60 days of life (hatching to 60 days after hatching [DAH]). Samples of developing Vimba bream were randomly selected at various stages of development: 1-8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 DAH. For the histological and histochemical studies on the development of the alimentary canal, tissue sections prepared from the sampled hatchlings were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff and observed under a light microscope. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 14;94(2):184-191. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

The myodural bridge (MDB) is a dense connective tissue that connects muscles with the cervical spinal dura mater via the posterior atlanto-occipital and atlato-axial interspaces. To date, the physiological function of the MDB has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have identified the presence of the MDB in mammals, but very little information is available on the existence of the MDB in avifauna. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 30;94(1):154-157. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.

Isolated cleft palate without cleft lip is a rare deformity. Cleft lip and cleft palate can sometimes develop in combination with a syndrome due to genetic causes. Affected patients have morbidity through life from birth and experience comprehensive treatment for such clefts including surgery. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 19;94(1):158-162. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, MD10, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently been developed as a resource for teaching human anatomy through the accurate reproduction of anatomical specimens. Using a composite 3D printed model with the incorporation of metal and magnets, we were able to demonstrate and analyse movements at the midcarpal joint during the 'dart thrower's motion', which is an important motion in daily activities involving the use of the hand. The hand component with the distal row of carpal bones was subjected to flexion and extension at the midcarpal joint and observed for simultaneous abduction/adduction. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 7;94(1):23-38. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of History of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.

Although its history is complicated, today's anatomical nomenclature, including muscle terminology, has acquired a system of naming using epithets. The objective of this literary research paper was to ascertain the founder of modern muscle terminology. The texts of four anatomists, Galen, Andreas Vesalius, Jacobus Sylvius, and Gaspard Bauhin, who have all been identified as being influential in the establishment of early modern anatomy and its nomenclature, were analyzed. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 3;94(1):39-52. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.

The medial preoptic area (MPOA), an anterior part of the hypothalamus, is one of the most important areas for the regulation of instinctively motivated behaviors, such as parental behavior, mating behavior and aggression. Consistent with its role in reproductive behaviors, the MPOA abundantly expresses gonadal steroid hormone receptors and shows distinct sexual dimorphism in its morphology. Despite the functional importance of the MPOA, the anatomical demarcations of the mouse MPOA subregions have been confusing and remained undefined because of their heterogeneity and complexity. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 31;94(1):150-153. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Gantzer muscles are variant muscles in the anterior forearm inserting into the flexor pollicis longus or, less often, the flexor digitorum profundus. The presence of Gantzer muscles can cause a compressive neuropathy affecting the anterior interosseous nerve (Kiloh-Nevin syndrome). These muscles must also be considered when anterior forearm fasciotomies are performed for the management of acute compartment syndrome. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 28;94(2):180-183. Epub 2018 Oct 28.

Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

The inner structure of the pons contains several layers of transverse and vertical fibers and many nuclei. The vertical bundles are described as fibers of the corticospinal tract, corticonuclear tract, frontopontine tract and parieto-temporopontine tract organized in three layers. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the vertical bundles in the ventral pons using the modified Klingler method. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 25;94(1):11-22. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.

α-Synuclein, the major component of Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs), is expressed in presynapses under physiologically normal conditions and is involved in synaptic function. Abnormal intracellular aggregates of misfolded α-synuclein such as LBs and LNs are pathological hallmarks of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). According to previous studies using pathological models overexpressing α-synuclein, high expression of this protein in neurons is a critical risk factor for neurodegeneration. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 24;94(2):172-179. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.

The present study aimed to give full morphological insight into the oropharyngeal cavity of Eurasian hoopoe at the level of gross morphology in addition to ultrastructural inspection including light- and scanning electron microscopy. The oropharyngeal cavity has a triangular appearance with a very long rostrally located beak, helping the bird achieve its feeding mechanism. The floor of the oropharyngeal cavity is divided into three parts; a pre-lingual part with a pre-lingual fold, a lingual part containing a rudimentary triangular tongue, and a laryngeal part, which contains a small elevated laryngeal mound. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Mar 23;94(2):163-171. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.

Nisin is a food preservative produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Previous blood biochemical research revealed that nisin has physiological effects in mammals; although the site of action has yet to be identified, keratinocytes have been proposed as a possible target. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 1;94(1):144-149. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.

A typical cochleogram was plotted to investigate hair cell densities as a percentage along the whole length of the basilar membrane (BM) of the rabbit, the length of the BM and the width of the organ of Corti. We generated surface preparations of cochlea from adult, healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. The numbers of inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) were counted from images acquired from a digital camera attached to an Olympus light microscope with a scale of 100 μm as a primary unit drawn continuously, and the numbers of IHCs and OHCs were converted to densities at 10% intervals along the length of the cochlea. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 18;94(1):136-143. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

A major component of tooth innervation is made of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPA). These fibers play a key role in tooth pain and inflammation; little is known, however, about the role of CSPA in tooth eruption. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the capsaicin-sensitive afferents in the process of eruption of intact rat incisors. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 11;94(1):128-135. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.

Chronic testicular pain remains an important challenge for urologists. Investigation of the innervation of male gonads thus becomes essential for deepening our understanding of their regulatory roles in male reproductive physiology and pathophysiology. Studies of testicular innervation are mainly limited to the intratesticular peptidergic nerves of the testis by immunohistochemical and acetylcholinesterase histochemical investigations in some animals. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 29;94(1):119-127. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Sq, Vakilabad Blvd, PO Box 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.

Parkinson's disease is caused by damage to substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Factors such as oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and acetylcholinesterase activity may induce this disease. On the other hand, crocin-one of the active ingredients of saffron-has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 28;94(1):111-118. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Histology and Embryology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

The increase in autoimmune diseases in recent years has drawn attention back to the thymus, with new approaches to improve and/or restore immune function being investigated. As the primary lymphoid organ responsible for functional T cell development, studies on the pre-/post-natal development of this organ and T lymphocytes in human and other species are of special interest. During our screening studies we observed structures that had not been described or mentioned previously, and named them "epitheliostromal sheaths". Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 01;94(1):110

Department of Anatomy, Gandaki Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal.

In the original publication of the article, the affiliation of the coauthor Subash Sapkota and the formula of the cranial index were published incorrectly. The correct affiliation is provided in this correction. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 20;94(1):1-10. Epub 2018 Aug 20.

Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.

We developed a technique to analyze the high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) structure of seminiferous tubules. It consists of segmentation of tubules in serial paraffin sections of the testis by marking the basement membrane with periodic acid-Schiff or a fluorescent anti-laminin antibody followed by 3D reconstruction of tubules with high-performance software. Using this method, we analyzed testes from mice at different ages and accurately elucidated the 3D structure of seminiferous tubules, including the number and length of tubules as well as the numbers of connections with the rete testis, branching points, and blind ends. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 14;94(1):101-109. Epub 2018 Aug 14.

Department of Anatomy, Gandaki Medical College, Kathmandu University, Pokhara, Nepal.

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of wormian bones (WBs) in different head shapes of Nepalese skulls along with their distribution at various sites. This study was conducted on 70 Nepalese skulls obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Nepal Medical College, and the Institute of Medicine from September 2017 to January 2018. The skulls were examined for the presence and topographic distribution of WBs. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 30;94(1):75-85. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan.

Osteons are the primary sites of cortical bone lesions. However, many aspects of osteon microstructure remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explores interindividual differences in the osteon morphotype distributions in the human femoral diaphysis by evaluating the secondary osteon distributions in samples from human femurs. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 26;94(1):86-100. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

Using an immunocytochemical technique, we have studied the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) [SOM-28 (1-12)], calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP) in the brainstem of Saimiri sciureus. The distribution of the peptidergic cell bodies was very restricted: perikarya containing SOM-28 (1-12) were only observed in the substantia grisea centralis, while no immunoreactive cell bodies containing CGRP or SP were visualized. Fibers containing SOM-28 (1-12), CGRP, or SP were widely distributed in the brainstem: immunoreactive fibers containing SOM-28 (1-12) showed the most widespread distribution and were the most abundant. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 10;94(1):53-57. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki w Łodzi, ul. Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland.

The rotator cable is a semicircular thickening of the glenohumeral joint capsule. It travels between tubercles of the humerus and interweaves with the supra- and infraspinatus muscle tendons. The rotator cable anchors these tendons to the tubercles, playing the role of a suspension bridge. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 27;94(1):58-66. Epub 2018 Jun 27.

Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in femoral dimensions among Caucasian and Oriental populations. A total of 268 femora were collected from China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the United States. Firstly, the dimensional parameters for measuring femur were identified. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 14;93(4):514-532. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

The aim of this study was to characterise the tongue in wild-type rats using several microscopic techniques. Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek (WWCPS) rats belong to a lineage of wild-caught rats. The study was carried out on tongues of 15 male and 15 female WWCPS rats. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 12;93(4):540-547. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Área de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Lasplaces 1620, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.

The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a medium-sized deer that weighs 20-40 kg. Historically, it was a widely distributed species that occupied a wide range of open habitats, including pastures, pampas, and Brazilian savanna. However, it is currently considered to be a species at risk of extinction. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 9;93(4):533-539. Epub 2018 Jun 9.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.

Coronary vessel development has been investigated in avian and mouse embryonic hearts. Quail embryos are a useful tool to examine vascular development, particularly because the QH1 antibody and transgenic quail line, Tg (tie1:H2B-eYFP), are useful to trace endothelial cells. However, there are only a few descriptions of the quail coronary vessels. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 22;93(4):548-558. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Comparative Histolab Padova, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.

The molting cycle of feathers includes an anagen (growth) stage, a likely catagen stage where the feather follicles degenerate, and a resting stage where fully grown feathers remain in their follicles and are functional before molting. However, the cytological changes involved in the resting and molting stages are poorly known, so the results of an ultrastructural analysis of these processes in adult chick feathers are presented here. The study showed that the dermal papilla shrinks, and numerous cells present increased heterochromatin and free collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan 21;94(1):67-74. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.

In the present work, the first full anatomical description of the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the Egyptian laughing dove Spilopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca, which was obtained with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological techniques, is provided. The lingual apex was rounded and the cranially convex papillary crest exhibited a transverse papillary row, in addition to another row consisting of two giant papillae. Papillae were not observed on the elevated, triangular laryngeal mound except for the glottic opening, which was bounded by two lateral elevated borders that presented a row of small papillae. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 6;93(4):502-513. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Simorenzyaku, Mitaka-city, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.

Skeletal muscle fiber subtypes are differentially sensitive to diabetes-related pathology; For example, fast-twitch muscles exhibit severe decreases in contraction force while slow-twitch muscles demonstrate prolonged half-relaxation time. However, such alterations have only been examined after a relatively short period following diabetes onset, with no information available regarding muscle damage caused by longer disease periods (>20 weeks). This study examined alterations in the contractile properties of the medial gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles, as well as morphological changes in their motor neurons 12 and 22 weeks after diabetes onset. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 09;93(4):478

Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

The affiliation of the third author has been incorrectly published in the original publication of the article. The correct affiliation is provided in this erratum. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 18;93(4):563-565. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.

The pancake kidney (PK) is a rare type of renal anomaly in which both kidneys completely fuse without an isthmus. In the previous reports, PKs have double ureters and are located in the pelvic cavity. We encountered a rare case of PK with a single ureter, which is located in the left retroperitoneal space, in a 95-year-old female cadaver, which was detected during a dissection course. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 3;93(4):487-494. Epub 2018 May 3.

Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.

To evaluate the anatomical classification and location of breast sentinel lymph nodes, preoperative computed tomography-lymphography examinations were retrospectively reviewed for sentinel lymph nodes in 464 cases clinically diagnosed with node-negative breast cancer between July 2007 and June 2016. Anatomical classification was performed based on the numbers of lymphatic routes and sentinel lymph nodes, the flow direction of lymphatic routes, and the location of sentinel lymph nodes. Of the 464 cases reviewed, anatomical classification could be performed in 434 (93. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 09 26;93(4):566-568. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 20;93(4):495-501. Epub 2018 Apr 20.

Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.

The lateral ligament complex of the ankle is involved in a large proportion of ankle sprains. The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is often involved in severe injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical variation and laterality of the CFL to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of CFL-related injuries. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 13;93(4):479-486. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.

Clavicle fracture is known to be one of the injuries frequently occurring in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to characterise the internal structures that might correlate with the higher incidence of lateral clavicle fracture in the elderly. Twenty clavicles were collected from ten Japanese cadavers ranging from 70 to 99 years (83. Read More

Anat Sci Int 2018 Sep 27;93(4):469-477. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

During an organism's evolution, functional adaptations help species to become better suited to their ecological niches. From the morphological aspect, these adaptations are reflected in the anatomical specializations of different organs. Specializations of the lingual organ is a critical adaptation of birds, such as the white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala), that enables their nutritional requirements to be met. Read More