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Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Ten normal, mature and common quails were used to study in detail the gross anatomy, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of the nasal cavity. The relationship between the structure and function of the nasal cavity also were assessed. The quail nasal cavity was divided into the vestibule, nasal cavity proper and fundus. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

This study was performed to provide a description of the normal anatomy of the canine hindlimb veins using helical CT images. The studies of 30 dogs that underwent CT venography with a 64-slice helical CT scanner were retrospectively reviewed. The dogs were positioned in a head-first prone or head-first supine body position. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology, Klaipėda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania.

The objective of the study was to investigate the lengths and widths of maxillary (P , M and M ) and mandibular (M , M and M ) molar teeth, lengths of dental rows and dental features of sexual dimorphism in the red fox. The correlation analysis between teeth measurements and dental row length was included too. The osteometric analysis was performed by the A. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.

This study aimed to explain the sex determination of the autochthonous dog Deltari Ilir with both morphometric and geometric analysis methods. For this purpose, 24 Deltari Ilir dog skulls (12 females and 12 males) were used in the study. The difference between males and females at 6 values was statistically significant. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Apr 29. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Goiânia, Brazil.

In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM), microtomography (MCT-2D and MCT-3D) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) were used to generate parameters of the microstructure of the hoof capsule of pigmented and partial albino buffaloes. Seventy-two digits of adult pigmented buffaloes and 16 of partial albino buffaloes were used and equally divided into thoracic and pelvic limbs and medial and lateral claws. Fragments of 10 mm × 10 mm of the dorsal wall, abaxial wall and pre-bulbar sole were collected. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Apr 11. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.

To address the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and to search for assistive learning tools for the subject of Animal Anatomy II and Applied Anatomy, 123 anatomical kits were prepared at the Animal Anatomy Laboratory for students of the Veterinary Medicine course at the University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA/USP) in Pirassununga city, São Paulo, Brazil. The kits contained anatomical pieces for teaching splanchnology and topographic anatomy (two different classes), and they were elaborated based on effective preservation techniques for the preparation of animal anatomical pieces. At the end of each course, we sent an online questionnaire to the students for evaluation of the methodology used. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 31;51(3):332-338. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Embryology is a basic science, of the medical curriculum and of the health area, it serves as a foundation for the understanding of the phenomena that occur in normal development and its alterations. Over the years, active methodologies have been increasingly used as innovative tools in the academic training of health professionals. In this work we aim, through an integrative review, to search for the active methodologies used in the teaching of embryology. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 15;51(3):411-418. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

Department of Veterinary Medicine, İdil Vocational School of Higher Education, Şırnak University, Şırnak, Turkey.

In most mammals, leptin plays central and peripheral roles in a wide range of metabolic activities including feed consumption and digestion, energy expenditure and the regulation of carbohydrate-fat accumulation. Ghrelin is a strong appetite-stimulating hormone, while obestatin has the opposite effect of ghrelin. The latter is released during feeding, causing a sense of satiety. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 14. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey.

The pineal gland and melatonin secreted from the gland regulate the biological clock and adaptation to seasonal changes, glucose balance, nutrition and locomotor activities. In this study, the pineal gland of the Lake Van fish was examined anatomically and histologically. The melatonin level secreted from the pineal gland was determined in fish plasma sampled from both lakes and streams during reproduction migration. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 14;51(3):400-410. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Laboratory of Morphological Animal Research (LaPMA), Federal Rural University of Amazonian, Belém, Brazil.

Paw pads are specializations of the integument and important shock absorbers of the locomotor system, as well as pressure, pain, temperature, storage and excretion sensors. Aiming to describe the paw pad morphology of the main arboreal xenarthras species in the Amazon, 16 animals were studied, Bradypus variegatus (6), Choloepus didactylus (5), Tamandua tetradactyla (3) and Cyclopes didactylus (2) that after death were donated to the Animal Morphological Research Laboratory (LaPMA / Ufra). The corpses were thawed and fixed with 10% aqueous formalin solution. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 3. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

Anatomy faculty with cadaver-based laboratory courses were presented with a significant challenge in March 2020 to create equivalent learning experiences without cadaveric access. The undergraduate domestic animal anatomy course at the Colorado State University was halfway into a 16-week semester when COVID-19 lockdown orders and the transition to remote instruction began. The new course curriculum was critically evaluated using student surveys and course outcome data. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 26;51(3):390-399. Epub 2022 Feb 26.

Institute of Animal Health and Production and from Program of Animal Health and Production in the Amazon of the University Federal Rural da Amazônia. Avenida Perimetral, Belém, Brazil.

Eira barbara, popularly known as irara, is a medium-sized carnivore member of the Mustelidae family. Despite its important role in the ecosystems in which its lives, data on the internal morphology of E. barbara remains scarce. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 25;51(3):321-331. Epub 2022 Feb 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisina, USA.

The evolution and variations of human anatomy are of great interest to physicians and anatomists. Variations can be categorized as vestigial, accessory or atavistic structures. Vestigial muscles are frequently encountered structures that are normally present but have become rudimentary through evolution. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 24;51(3):380-389. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

The current investigation aimed to clarify the histomorphological features, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histochemistry of the proventriculus in the adult hooded crow (Corvus cornix). Twenty-two adult birds of both sexes were collected from El-Fayoum and Beni-Suef governorates, Egypt; ten were used for anatomical investigation, two were scanned using SEM, and ten were subjected to routine histological technique. The obtained anatomical results revealed a small-sized spindle-shaped proventriculus obliquely located in the left ventral part of the body cavity with an average body weight, length and diameter of 1. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 24;51(3):372-379. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.

Wallabies are small- to medium-sized hopping marsupials and have large and flexible tendons in their hind limbs that act like springs. This study aimed to show the morphological pattern of the pes tendons in Bennett's wallaby. Two Bennett's Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) that died of natural causes have been used for this study. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 20;51(3):366-371. Epub 2022 Feb 20.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Cytology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Ultimobranchial body (UBB) remnant was considered as an enigma till the last few years, then it was recognized as a necessary organ where it is the origin of the parafollicular cells. The samples were fixed and processed for the histological and electron microscopic examination. Macroscopically, the UBB remnant appeared as a white mass at the end of the cranial one-third of the thyroid lobe. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 20;51(3):355-365. Epub 2022 Feb 20.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

The current study was performed on ten adult Egyptian donkeys of both sexes for anatomical and radiographic studies in addition to six other donkeys for enzymatic, biochemical and statistical analysis. The aim was to illustrate the normal hepatic arterial and biliary distribution using different anatomic techniques and radiographic imaging besides, establishing an accurate laboratory profile specific for donkeys that used as standard indicators for hepatobiliary dysfunction. The right branch of the hepatic artery in donkey forms a curved arch erupting five branches, unlike the left branch that erupts six branches, being the direct continuation of the main hepatic artery. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 16;51(3):347-354. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.

Anomalies in the subclavian and common carotid arteries can be of interest in cases of cranial mediastinal surgeries, as well as to diagnose the cause of oesophageal constrictions leading to clinical signs of dysphagia (dysphagia lusoria). The development and regression of the aortic arches are of key importance in understanding the origin of these type of vascular anomalies. This report describes the congenital anomalous aortic origin of the common carotid and the subclavian arteries in a 14-year-old dog and the plausible developmental pattern failure. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 14;51(3):419-423. Epub 2022 Feb 14.

Department of Basic Sciences, Anatomy and Embryology Division, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

In the left thoracic limb of a male cadaver (adult mixed-breed dog), the median nerve (MN) after departing from the common median/ulnar nerve (UN) trunk received two branches. One from the lateral thoracic nerve (LTN) and the other from the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN). These both passed cranial to the axillary artery at the level of the lateral thoracic artery and joined the median nerve. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 May 14;51(3):339-346. Epub 2022 Feb 14.

Laboratório de Design Anatômico/LabDA, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil.

The aortic valve was investigated in 58 sheep and 60 swine without heart disease. After fixation in 4% formalin, the distance between the ostia and the elements of the right/left aortic sinuses was measured. For the left coronary ostium (LCO), it was found that in sheep 81% were below and 19% at the level of intercomissural line (IL). Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 7;51(2):289-299. Epub 2022 Feb 7.

Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression patterns of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE), PGF receptor (FP), PGE receptors (EP2 and EP4), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and prostaglandin synthases (PGFS and PGES) in corpora lutea (CL) during experimentally induced luteolysis in cow. The Fleckvieh cows in the mid-luteal phase (days 8-12, control group) were injected with cloprostenol (PGF analogue), and CL were collected by transvaginal ovariectomy before (days 8-12, control group) and at 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 64 h after PGF application (n = 5 per group). Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 4;51(2):280-288. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

The present investigation was conducted on the adrenal glands of 40 adult New Zealand rabbits of both sexes to characterize and identify the histological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features of the neurosecretory cells of the adrenal medulla. The obtained specimens of adrenal medulla were subjected to routine histological techniques and then stained with different histological stains, including general, non-specific, specific, and highly specific stains for neurosecretory cells, in addition to immunohistochemical reactions. The obtained results showed two types of adrenal medullary neurosecretory cells containing secretory granules (SGs) of different electron densities: adrenaline and noradrenaline (NA) secreting cells. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 1;51(2):269-279. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Age estimation in adult dogs can be performed by the radiographic measurement of the tooth pulp cavity, but the technique has hardly been described. In this study, the application of measuring pulp/tooth width ratios (P/T ratios) of the maxillary canine teeth was investigated. Pulp and tooth widths were measured at two locations on 166 maxillary canine teeth of the heads of 84 dog cadavers, using digital extraoral lateral oblique open mouth radiographs. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 26;51(2):259-268. Epub 2022 Jan 26.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.

Argentine black and white tegus (Salvator merianae) are omnivorous lizards native to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina, and are invasive species in Florida and Georgia, USA. They are opportunistic feeders, which is what allow them to have such a diverse variety of foods. Tegus raised a particular concern due to their adaptive capability to different environments. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 11;51(2):250-258. Epub 2022 Jan 11.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

The gross morphology of the mammary gland in buffalo is the foundation that is necessary for the process to improve the species for agricultural use. This study determined the mammary gland's anatomical, histological and imaging structure in the Romanian buffalo. The research material was represented by ten udders, five udders from adult buffaloes and five udders from young females slaughtered in the abattoir. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 11;51(2):244-249. Epub 2022 Jan 11.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a rapid prototyping method that has recently been increasingly used in anatomy education. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and 3D scanners are generally used to create 3D models. The aim of this study, which was performed without using the aforementioned devices, is to design sheep scapula models in a computer environment and compare bone models created with different filaments printed by a 3D printer with real bone. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 9;51(2):236-243. Epub 2022 Jan 9.

Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

The neurovascular bundle of the equine distal cannon can dynamically vary with limb position, and this can affect the performance of low 4- or 6-point block. This study aims to identify and describe the anatomical position and variations of the lateral and medial palmar/plantar nerve at the metacarpal/metatarsal distal level in horses by ultrasonography. Eight mares underwent ultrasound examination on the lateral and medial palmar/plantar sides of the metacarpus/metatarsus. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 7;51(2):163-169. Epub 2022 Jan 7.

Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India.

Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in a virtual world is an utmost requirement of the ongoing era of COVID-19 pandemic. Due to sudden lockdown, all the educational institutes, professional medical and veterinary colleges were closed (except emergency services) and academic activities were suspended altogether. This situation was challenging as well as thought-provoking for various academicians and professors to rethink about the means to keep the conduit of imparting education unceasing. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 Mar 5;51(2):221-235. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Research Group of Medicine and Surgery in Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.

The kinkajou (Potos flavus) is a carnivoran adapted for arboreal quadrupedal locomotion along with a prehensile tail. The thoracic limb bones and muscles of this species have been studied, but the knowledge about its nerves is still scarce. This knowledge is necessary to perform several veterinary procedures, and to review the differences among carnivoran species. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2022 01;51 Suppl 1:3-64