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Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Jun;34(3):161-9

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Annoor Dental College, Kerala, India.

Objective: To evaluate DNA damage and cellular death in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from healthy individuals following dental X-ray exposure, to compare effects of different types of radiographic techniques using the buccal cytome assay and to standardize the staining procedure.

Study Design: This study comprised 90 patients, categorized into 3 groups subjected to intraoral periapical radiography, conventional orthopantomogram and digital orthopantomogram X-ray exposure. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells were collected immediately before the X-ray and 10 days later and stained using DNA-specific stains and nonspecific DNA stains. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Jun;34(3):149-60

Laboratory Medicine, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada.

Objective: Color deconvolution relies on determination of unitary optical density vectors (OD(3D)) derived from pure constituent stains initially defined as intensity vectors in RGB space. OD(3D) can be defined in polar coordinates (phi, theta, radius); always being equal to one, radius can be ignored. Easier handling of unitary optical density 2D vectors (OD(2D)) is shown. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Jun;34(3):145-8

Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: To assess the potential contribution of nuclear morphometry to the differential diagnosis of renal epithelial tumors with eosinophilic cytoplasm, including chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC), the eosinophilic variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (EoRCC), and oncocytoma.

Study Design: A total of 24 tumor tissue samples diagnosed as ChRCC, the EoRCC, or oncocytoma constituted our series. Eight geometric features such as nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, and circular form factor were measured and compared among the groups. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Jun;34(3):139-44

Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy.

There exists a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of spindle cell lesions that can originate from the prostatic stroma. This includes benign and malignant neoplasms as well as tumorlike conditions. Their diagnosis in small biopsy specimens is often difficult because of the potential for sampling error. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Jun;34(3):120-38

Department of Cancer Imaging, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Objective: Deregulated cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer, and Ki67 immunostaining can be used to identify proliferating cells. Evaluation of cell proliferation may have utility as a biomarker of epithelial malignant transformation risk. To date, most analyses of Ki67 staining have been restricted to semiquantitative estimations of the degree of staining or the measurement of the fraction of Ki67-positive cells within the epithelium. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Jun;34(3):111-9

Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy.

The classification and grading of the noninvasive, intraepithelial neoplasms of the urothelium are based on the morphological pattern of growth, i.e., papillary and flat (and endophytic), and on their degree of architectural and cytologic abnormalities. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):109-10

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):105-8

Department of Cytopathology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Objective: To introduce a new field of multifractal spectrum in distinguishing between endometrial well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDAC) and complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH).

Study Design: Thirteen cases of CAH and 16 of WDAC were selected from radical hysterectomy specimens, and multifractal spectrum was measured from at least 4-5 representative digitized images of each case. The data were collected from f(alpha) vs. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):96-104

Department of Pathology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital and University of Turin, Orbassano.

Objective: To determine an optimal prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) cutoff in predicting prostate cancer in Italian patients undergoing first or repeat biopsy.

Study Design: In this observational multicenter study 1246 men with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) and negative digital rectal examination, with prostate biopsy after PCA3 assessment, were divided into two groups submitted to PCA3 testing before or after previous negative biopsies. Ideal PCA3 cutoff was identified using area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):86-95

Laboratory for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Dosimetry and Cytology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus.

Objective: To develop expert systems for classification of follicular thyroid tumor at a preoperative stage.

Study Design: Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland with a histologic conclusion of follicular cancer and follicular adenoma were the object of the morphometric study. General sample size was 4500 nuclei and 3000 aggregates. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):79-85

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt.

Objective: To explore the possible role of osteopontin (OPN) in chronic plaque psoriasis and understand the role of inflammation in psoriasis.

Study Design: We investigated 36 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis using immunohistochemical technique for evaluation of OPN immunolocalization compared to normal skin biopsies of 10 normal subjects representing the control group.

Results: OPN was expressed in the epidermis of all specimens, both in the psoriasis group and the control group without any significant differences except for the tendency of psoriatic lesions to show more cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern of OPN staining (55. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):72-8

Department of Medical Oncology, Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi-G Salesi, Ancona, Italy.

Objective: To evaluate prognostic impact of maspin expression in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Study Design: From 1996 to 2001, 439 patients underwent radical surgery for NSCLC at the Polytechnic University of the Marche Region. Maspin expression was detected as cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of neoplastic cells. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):66-71

Laboratory of Radiobiology, Center for Radiation Protection and Hygiene, and Office for Environmental Regulation and Nuclear Safety, Havana, Cuba.

Objective: To test a CellProfiler pipeline for automated counting and characterization of gamma-H2AX foci in color images of human cultured cells.

Study Design: A431 cells were irradiated and stained for gamma-H2AX foci detection. Sets of color images were analyzed visually, and findings were compared with those using FociCounter and CellProfiler software. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Apr;34(2):61-5

Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain.

Objective: To analyze whether cell proliferation and apoptotic indexes in needle biopsies with prostate cancer Gleason 6 or 7 can identify more objectively Gleason score 6 or 7 in needle biopsy samples.

Study Design: Seventy patients diagnosed by needle biopsy and treated by radical prostatectomy were included. Fifty cases were Gleason score 6 and 20 were Gleason 7. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):303-4

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):297-302

Atatürk Research and Education Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

Background: The histologic type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be an important factor in the prognosis. The effects, if any, of the degree of cellular pleomorphism is uncertain.

Case: In this report, we present a case of nonkeratinizing, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with monstrous tumor giant cells. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):289-96

Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Immunology and Department of Pathomorphology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland.

Objective: To validate the fast and accurate flow cytometric (FCM) protocol using blood-standardized antibodies for alveolar lymphocyte subtyping with respect to standard immunocytochemistry (IC).

Study Design: FCM and IC were applied to immunophenotype T cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with interstitial lung diseases. Diagnostic BAL specimens from 50 patients with suspected sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis were evaluated by both IC and FCM. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):283-8

Department of Pathology, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Objective: To differentiate endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) from endometrial adenocarcinoma (EMA) using p16INK4a, p21WAF1 and p27Kip1.

Study Design: The distinction between ECA and EMA can be problematic on small biopsies or in advanced tumor stage. Immunohistochemistry was done on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of hysterectomy specimens of all types of ECA and EMA. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):277-82

Department of Biopathology, Institut Jean-Godinot, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Reims Cedex, France.

Objective: To examine the association between MUC1 (Ma695) and noninvasive papillary urothelial neoplasm according to the 2004 World Health Organization classification.

Study Design: Histologic evaluation was performed in 46 patients with nontumoral benign bladder urothelium (n = 11), papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (n = 14), low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (LgPUC) (n = 11), and noninvasive high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HgPUC) (n = 10). Classical morphologic description and semiquantitative digital measurement were performed from immunohistochemical-stained slides using an anti-MUC1 antibody (Ma695). Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):271-6

Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil.

Objective: To assess cytogenetic abnormalities through quantification of micronuclei, broken eggs, and karyorrhexis, in cells from normal oral mucosa of individuals exposed to carcinogens (alcohol and tobacco) and adjacent to leukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas.

Study Design: The sample was composed of 40 subjects aged > 30 years, divided into four groups: control, alcohol/tobacco, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma. For control and alcohol/tobacco groups, cells were collected from lower lip, tongue border, and floor of the mouth. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):265-70

Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of computing three-dimensional (3-D) nuclear texture features on prostate biopsy specimens to discriminate among benign, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and malignant specimens.

Study Design: Twelve prostate cancer biopsy specimens were selected, diagnosed as either benign (N = 4), PIN (N = 4), or malignant (N = 4). Sections 14 microm thick were stained. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):253-64

Laboratory for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Dosimetry and Cytology, Belarusian State Medical University, Dzerzhinsky Avenue, 83, 220116 Minsk, Belarus.

Objective: To determine the efficiency of the developed expert system based on a set of qualitative signs of cell atypia and their weighting coefficients in the differential diagnosis of follicular cancer and follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland.

Study Design: Sixty cytologic preparations of patients with histologic diagnosis of a follicular cancer and follicular adenoma were investigated.

Results: Weighting coefficients for each sign of atypia for both forms of pathology have been calculated with the help of the deduced equation. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011 Oct;33(5):245-52

Hawken School, Gates Mills Ohio, USA.

Objective: To develop a quantitative means to measure lung inflammation using the murine models of chronic asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF).

Study Design: Translational-based medicine often utilizes animal models to study new and innovative therapeutics. In asthma and CF, the animal models focus on airway inflammation and remodeling. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Feb;34(1):56-60

Department of Cytopathology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Objective: To evaluate the role of micronuclei (MN) scoring in urinary cytology of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).

Study Design: Eighty cases of freshly voided urine samples were used for scoring of MN using acridine orange (AO)-stained smears under fluorescence microscope and routine Papanicolaou-stained smears under light microscopy. MN score for cytologic lesions was compared. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Feb;34(1):49-55

Molecular Pathology and Pharmacogenetics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Santa María del Rosell University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain.

Objective: To study the performance values of a set of five immunohistochemical markers involved in cell cycle regulation as a potential aid in the differential diagnosis between squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and normal or benign conditions of the uterine cervix.

Study Design: Results from immunohistochemical evaluation of p16, cyclin D1, p53, Ki67, and ProEx C markers and human papillomavirus genotyping were collected from a previous study performed on 37 normal or benign cervices, 39 low grade SILs and 73 high grade SILs. A multivariate analysis was used to examine the specific diagnostic value of each marker and to ascertain those most relevant for SIL diagnosis. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Feb;34(1):41-8

Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.

Objective: To ascertain the hormonal receptor profiles of the epithelial and stromal components of phyllodes tumors (PTs) and determine their relationship with stromal proliferation.

Study Design: Eighty-two PTs (50 benign, 22 borderline, and 10 malignant) were studied. Automated immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and -beta, progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), and Ki-67 was performed using tissue microarray blocks, and their expression was assessed in both the stromal and epithelial components. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Feb;34(1):28-40

Section of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101, USA.

Objective: To determine whether connexin (Cx) expression is altered in cervical dysplasia.

Study Design: Cx proteins form gap junctions and are expressed in squamous epithelia including ectocervix. We used multispectral imaging to perform a quantitative immunohistochemical survey of Cx43 Cx26 in 37 archival human cervical specimens. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Feb;34(1):23-7

Reproductive Research Center, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A-81, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

Objective: To evaluate peritoneal fluid hemosiderin-laden macrophages (H-LMs) in patients with endometriosis compared to controls.

Study Design: Consecutive series of 46 patients during a year undergoing laparoscopy for benign gynecologic conditions were included. The presence of H-LMs in peritoneal fluid was evaluated. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Feb;34(1):15-22

Medical Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.

For several decades, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) was considered resistant to therapy and thus linked to poor prognosis. Recent years have seen a complete revolution of the therapeutic landscape, with the introduction of new target therapies that have radically changed treatment strategies in this setting. These new agents have proved to be effective if directed mainly against the angiogenic pathway. Read More

Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2012 Feb;34(1):9-14

Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis,, São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To compare the frequency of micronuclei and metanucleated anomalies in the oral mucosa of smokers, alcoholic smokers, and nonsmokers.

Study Design: Three groups were studied: group I, 15 smokers; group II, 16 alcoholic smokers; and group III, 20 nonsmokers. Three smears from the lateral left border of the tongue were processed for Feulgen staining. Read More