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Anaerobe 2021 Apr 30:102379. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Florey Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Sporulation is a complex cell differentiation programme shared by many members of the Firmicutes, the end result of which is a highly resistant, metabolically inert spore that can survive harsh environmental insults. Clostridioides difficile spores are essential for transmission of disease and are also required for recurrent infection. However, the molecular basis of sporulation is poorly understood, despite parallels with the well-studied Bacillus subtilis system. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Apr 23:102376. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, Desio Hospital, Via Mazzini 1, 20833, Desio (MB), Italy.

Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) is the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The decreasing trend of CDI from 15 % to 4 % observed at the Italian Hospital of Desio over a 10-year period is due to prevention strategies. Our data highlight the importance of surveillance studies to control CDI. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Apr 19:102365. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Bacterial pericarditis and empyema due to Cutibacterium acnes has rarely been reported. C.acnes, a normal component of human skin flora, is often considered a contaminant when isolated from body fluids and thus cases may be underreported. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Apr 16:102367. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bauxite Road, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.

Objectives: There is paucity of information on the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of oral anaerobic bacteria. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance trend of oral Gram negative bacteria from Indian subjects.

Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 304 isolates against twelve different antibiotics were determined using gradient diffusion MIC strips. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Apr 20;69:102366. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are responsible for 30% of anaerobic infections. Parvimonas micra is an emergent pathogen that is part of the oral and gastrointestinal commensal flora, and its role in several infection processes has recently emerged thanks to the improvement of diagnostic techniques. P. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Apr 13:102364. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address:

Updated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines published in 2018 recommend vancomycin as first-line treatment. Of 833 community-onset CDI cases in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia in 2018, over half did not receive first-line treatment, although guideline adherence increased over the year. Second-line treatment was more common in patients treated in ambulatory settings. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Apr 2;69:102363. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Department of Microbiology and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, University Hospital Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain.

Bacteroides fluxus is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus isolated from human faeces in healthy individuals. Until now, this bacterium had not been involved in human diseases. We report the first case of abdominal infection due to this microorganism in an elderly patient. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 26:102361. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. Electronic address:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a serious threat to human life and health. Most patients are diagnosed at the late stage of advanced CRC, resulting in losing their best opportunity for surgical treatment. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in the control and treatment of advanced CRC. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 24;69:102359. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Cutibacterium acnes is an anaerobic bacterium commonly thought of as a culture contaminant rather than a pathogen. We present a case of Cutibacterium acnes pericarditis in a 22-year-old immunocompetent woman managed with surgical pericardial window and a 4-week course of penicillin G and review related literature on Cutibacterium acnes pericarditis. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 22:102356. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Centro de Ciências do Mar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Building 7, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Building 8, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. Electronic address:

Fluoxetine (FLX), an antidepressant extensively used worldwide is considered an emerging pollutant. The present work intends to investigate for the first time the capacity of a bacterial community containing sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) enriched from an anaerobic sludge to biodegrade and use FLX as sole carbon source, since current literature suggests that this drug is poorly biodegraded being mainly removed by adsorption to sediments, where it persists. FLX was biodegraded under sulphate reducing conditions until reaching its lowest and reliably detectable concentration, when 20 mg/L of the drug was used as sole carbon source, while 66 ± 9% of 50 mg/L FLX was removed, after 31 days. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 21;69:102360. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Division of Infection Medicine, Department for Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

While Fusobacterium necrophorum historically has been considered normal tonsillar flora, recent studies from Europe and the US have suggested that carriage occur transiently in adolescence and young adulthood. However, no studies originating from Africa exist. In this cross-sectional study of tonsillar carriage of F. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 17;69:102358. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Microbiology Cardiff, Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CARDIFF CF14 4XW, UK.

Background: Repeatedly, too low MIC results were obtained in Bacteroides fragilis quality assessment strains, using gradient strip tests with a ratio of amoxicillin:clavulanic acid of 2:1. We aimed to find the most accurate available gradient strip tests for susceptibility testing of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in B. fragilis in comparison with agar dilution with EUCAST methodology and breakpoints. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 11;69:102357. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address:

Eleven metronidazole resistant Bacteroides and one newly classified Phocaeicola dorei strain from Kuwait were investigated for their resistance mechanisms and the emergence of their resistant plasmids. All but one strain harbored nimE genes on differently sized plasmids. Of the 11 nimE genes, 9 were preceded by full copies of the prototype ISBf6 insertion sequence element, one carried a truncated ISBf6 and one was activated by an additional copy of IS612B. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 10;69:102355. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, and Master's Program in Microbiology, Parasitology, Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica. Electronic address:

Clostridioides difficile is an emerging One Health pathogen and a common etiologic agent of diarrhea, both in healthcare settings and the community. This bacterial species is highly diverse, and its global population has been classified in eight clades by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The C. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Mar 3;69:102354. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil. Electronic address:

The aim of this study was to purify Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin and produce and purify anti-epsilon chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY). A single-step ion exchange chromatography resulted in a high-yield and high-purity toxin, while ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration resulted in the highest purity of the toxin, but at a lower yield. Purified and inactivated epsilon toxin were then administered in chickens via four inoculations and IgY was obtained at a high purity and yield, with an antibody titer of 50 IU/mL and high levels of avidity (73. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 25;69:102352. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Fidaxomicin has novel pharmacologic effects on C. difficile spore formation including outgrowth inhibition and persistent spore attachment. However, the mechanism of fidaxomicin attachment on spores has not undergone rigorous microscopic studies. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 25;69:102353. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, USA.

Clostridioides difficile causes severe colitis in people and is a significant enteric pathogen in many species of animals, including swine, horses, and potentially cattle. C. difficile is shed in feces, and transmission occurs horizontally via the fecal-oral route. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 20;69:102351. Epub 2021 Feb 20.

Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address:

Clostridioides difficile is an important organism causing healthcare-associated infections. It has been documented that specific strains caused multiple outbreaks globally, and patients infected with those strains are more likely to develop severe C. difficile infection (CDI). Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 18;69:102350. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Cardio-Thoracic Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. Electronic address:

Extracolonic manifestations by Clostridioides difficile are uncommon. Here, we report a case of monomicrobial C. difficile intracardiac vegetation in a 11-year-old girl with a predisposed heart disease who responded well to the treatment. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 18;69:102349. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China. Electronic address:

Strictly anaerobic bacteria are important to both human health and industrial usage. These bacteria are sensitive to oxygen, therefore, it is preferable to manipulate these microbes in an anaerobic chamber. However, commercial anaerobic chambers (CACs) are expensive, making them less accessible to scientists with a limited budget, especially to those in developing countries. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 16;69:102347. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:

Clostridium ventriculi (syn. Sarcina ventriculi) is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen with sarcina morphology. In the case of gastrointestinal disorders, the treatment is often empirical. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 15;69:102346. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan. Electronic address:

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a new quinolone, lascufloxacin, for the treatment of complicated pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Prevotella intermedia using a neutropenic mice pneumonia mixed-infection model. In this study, one S. pneumoniae and four P. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 14;69:102348. Epub 2021 Feb 14.

Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.

Objectives: Eggerthella lenta is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that is an important cause of bloodstream infections. This study aims to test the susceptibility of Eggerthella lenta blood culture isolates to commonly used antibiotics for the empirical treatment of anaerobic infections.

Methods: In total, 49 positive blood cultures for Eggerthella lenta were retrospectively included from patients hospitalised at the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium, between 2004 and 2018. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 14;69:102339. Epub 2021 Feb 14.

R M Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA. Electronic address:

Bulleidia extructa is a rarely recognized anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium with an oral and gastroenterological ecological niche. It is difficult to isolate due to slow growth in culture and usually requires identification techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). While most often isolated from infections related to the oral cavity (gingivitis, periodontitis, brain and lung abscess), it has also been recovered from cases of prosthetic joint hip infections after unprophylaxed dental procedures. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 14;69:102345. Epub 2021 Feb 14.

Department of Production Animal Health. Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address:

Digital dermatitis (DD) lesions in cattle are characterized by the presence of multiple Treponema species. Current culture media for isolating treponemes generally uses serum supplementation from different animals to target particular Treponema sp.; however, their suitability for DD Treponema isolation has not been fully determined. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 12;69:102344. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA. Electronic address:

Fusobacterium necrophorum, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is the primary etiologic agent of liver abscesses of beef cattle. The bacterium, a member of the microbial community of the rumen, travels to the liver via portal circulation to cause abscesses. The severity of liver abscesses vary from mild with one or two small abscesses to severe with medium to large multiple abscesses. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 11;69:102343. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address:

The present study aimed to determine the utility of detection of co-infection of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae using qualitative PCR for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis (BV). Vaginal samples (n = 385) categorized as positive (n = 108) or negative (n = 208) for bacterial vaginosis based on the Nugent scoring system, were analyzed for the presence of G. vaginalis and A. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 7;69:102342. Epub 2021 Feb 7.

Division of Infectious Disease, Ascension St. John Hospital, USA. Electronic address:

We report a rare case of Fusobacterium nucleatum necrotizing pneumonia following an influenza viral infection. This rare bacterial lung infection can have severe complications such as respiratory failure and septic shock, so early recognition and treatment are necessary. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 1;69:102325. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Objectives: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are often caused by the patient's own oral commensal bacteria. Causative bacteria must be identified to select the appropriate antimicrobial agents; however, the pathogens are identified via routine culture methods in only approximately half of LRTI cases.

Methods: To investigate LRTI-associated bacteria, we conducted culture testing under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using culture-independent partial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis using a high-throughput sequencer in cases of aspiration pneumonia and lung abscesses. Read More

Anaerobe 2021 Feb 1;69:102329. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Emerging Pathogens Laboratory-Fondation Mérieux, International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Prevention, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM, F-CRIN, Réseau Innovative Clinical Research in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Paris, France.

Introduction: The magnitude and scope of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has changed with an increase in incidence and severity. The epidemiology of CDI is not well known in France due to difficulties to conduct large continuous surveillance. The objectives were to compare the characteristics of patients with CDI collected through repeated point prevalence survey via DIFTEC™, a free electronic tool, with those from previous French or European studies. Read More