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Anaerobe 2022 Apr;74:102557

School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Anaerobe 2022 May 17:102587. Epub 2022 May 17.

Dutch Academic Alliance Skull Base Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Nijmegen/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Objectives: Otomastoiditis caused by the anaerobic Fusobacterium necrophorum (F. necrophorum) often induces severe complications, such as meningitis and sinus thrombosis. Early diagnosis is difficult, partly because little is known about specific early signs. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 May 11;75:102583. Epub 2022 May 11.

Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico, Bari, Italy. Electronic address:

Introduction: A lack of updated data on the burden and profile of anaerobic bloodstream infections (ABIs) exists. We assessed the incidence of ABIs and trends in antimicrobial resistance in anaerobes isolated from blood in Italy.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 17 Italian hospitals (2016-2020). Read More

Anaerobe 2022 May 8;75:102585. Epub 2022 May 8.

Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, 050000, China; Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, 050000, China. Electronic address:

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, spore-producing intestinal opportunistic pathogen. CDI outbreaks in Europe and the Americas in recent years are a major health concern. Intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are an important energy source for colonic epithelial cells, and the roles of SCFAs in reducing intestinal inflammation, inhibiting intestinal tumors, and regulating gut microbial homeostasis are being actively researched. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 May 8;75:102584. Epub 2022 May 8.

Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden. Electronic address:

Objectives: Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are often regarded as harmless commensals associated with skin and mucosal surfaces. Investigations regarding these bacterial species often concern clinical case reports. In immunocompromised individuals, in the presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes or due to breach of skin barriers, the GPAC can cause infections. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 May 6;75:102582. Epub 2022 May 6.

New Mexico VA Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro Dr. SE #151, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4720, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. Electronic address:

Desulfovibrio spp. is a commensal sulfate reducing bacterium that is present in small numbers in the gastrointestinal tract. Increased concentrations of Desulfovibrio spp. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 May 6;75:102581. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada.

We report on a 47-year-old woman with jejunal adenocarcinoma and concurrent endometrial cancer, admitted with sepsis. Uterine fluid and blood cultures were positive for Robinsoniella peoriensis. This is the first case report of Robinsoniella peoriensis in Canada. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 30;75:102579. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain. Electronic address:

Objective: To investigate the impact of COVID19 pandemic on the incidence of health-care associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HA-CDI).

Methods: Retrospective study conducted in the Hospital Universitario de Valme (HUV) and the Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (HGUA) in Spain between January 2019 and February 2021. The study period was divided into non-COVID19 period (2019 and months from 2020 to 2021 with ≤30 hospitalized COVID19 patients) and COVID19 period (months from 2020 to 2021 with >30 COVID19 patients). Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 28;75:102577. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objectives: The impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the shaping of the oral and gut microbiome raises the question of whether and how RA treatment modifies microbial communities. We examined changes in the oral and gut microbiota in a mouse model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) treated or not with methotrexate (MTX).

Methods: Maxillae and stools were evaluated by the MiSeq platform of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 27;75:102578. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Infectious Diseases Department, Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, France.

Foodborne botulism, a toxin-mediated illness caused by Clostridium botulinum, is a public health emergency, and rarely reported in France. We report herein the case of two family members (a father and his son) from Franche-Comté, France, presented with ophthalmological symptoms which occurred after non-specific gastro-intestinal symptoms after a trip to Serbia with a recent consumption of artisanal honey, and suggestive of botulism. The suspected intoxication appeared to be caused by a type B strain of C. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 27;75:102576. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:

Prompt and accurate diagnosis of polymicrobial bacteremia, which causes the difficulty in anti-infective treatments, poor treatment outcome and high mortality, is essential for initiating effective antimicrobial therapy. Here we present a case of bacteremia caused by two types of uncommon bacteria, Lactobacillus jenseniand and Veillonella montpellierensis in a 29-year-old pregnant woman at 33 weeks of gestation with anemia due to iron deficiency. She had no comorbidity or other chronic illnesses and was successfully treated with appropriate antibiotic use. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 25;75:102575. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.

The aims of this study were to isolate and identify Clostridioides difficile from cattle feces and carcasses, and slaughterhouse samples, and to determine the molecular characteristics and antibacterial susceptibility of the recovered isolates. A total of 220 samples, including 100 cattle fecal samples, 100 cattle carcass surface samples, and 20 slaughterhouse samples were used as the study material. In total, 12 (5. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 25;75:102574. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627. Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP, 31270-901, Brazil. Electronic address:

Despite the known importance of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) in animals, there are no published guidelines for the diagnosis of CDI. The performance of the available commercial methods, all standardized for human stool samples, can vary according to the animal species. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the literature on the detection of C. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 17;75:102572. Epub 2022 Apr 17.

Renal Research Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address:

Recent advances in understanding the association of gut microbiota with the host have shown evidence of certain bacterial therapeutic potentiality in preventing and treating metabolic diseases. Hyperoxaluria is a severe challenge in nephrology and has led to the novel gut eubiosis as current therapy. The human gut commensal, obligate anaerobic, and intestinal oxalate-degrading strains of Oxalobacter formigenes have drawn a promising significant interest for the next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 18;75:102573. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

R M Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.

The in vitro activity of 13 antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Gemella morbillorum showed good susceptibility to clindamycin, all beta-lactams agents studied except cefoxitin (MIC 4 μg/ml) and fluoroquinolones. There was 36% metronidazole resistance. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 12;75:102567. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Carol Yu Center for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Objectives: To compare the phylogeny of cfiA-positive Bacteroides fragilis isolates from diverse human and animal sources.

Method: Complete genome sequences were obtained from 42 cfiA-positive B. fragilis isolates (Hong Kong, 2015-2017) and additional 24 genomes deposited in the GenBank (multiple countries, 1985-2019) were included. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 10;75:102559. Epub 2022 Apr 10.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India. Electronic address:

To date, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in anaerobes is highly disarrayed. The testing is not routinely performed in many laboratories to direct appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and literature on AST remains scarce. This review aims to present the current methods employed for the AST of anaerobic bacteria both in routine and research. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 9;75:102558. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Health Science University Turkey, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address:

Eggerthia catenaformis is a Gram-positive bacilli and an anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium, which rarely causes infections in humans. We present a case of peritonitis caused by E. catenaformis in a peritoneal dialysis patient. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 5:102556. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan. Electronic address:

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) often recurs. Approximately 25% of patients have recurrences after the initial treatment, and patients who have relapsed once are more likely to relapse. We aimed to identify the risk factors for initial CDI recurrence. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Mar 31:102555. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Objectives: Previously considered solely an opportunistic pathogen, Clostridium innocuum (CI) was recently reported in Taiwan to be an emerging cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clinically indistinguishable from Clostridioides difficile (CD) infection. We previously identified CI culture supernatant being cross-reactive with commercial CD toxin enzyme immunoassays. We aimed to identify and characterize the cross-reacting protein and determine whether it functioned as a human toxin. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 1:102554. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Objectives: Introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized bacterial identification in the last decade. In 2013, MALDI-TOF MS was implemented for the identification of anaerobic bacteria at our laboratory. This study analyzed the impact of MALDI-TOF MS on the number of different anaerobic genera and species identified in diagnostics. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Mar 30:102552. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address:

Objectives: Obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria adhering to dental implants are a major cause for peri-implant inflammation, which, if left untreated, can lead to implant loss. Previously, our group developed a new route for the synthesis of isoeugenol-functionalized aqueous nanogels for implant coatings.

Methods: Here, the antimicrobial activity of several new nanogels differing in spacer length (n = 6, 9, 44), radius (60-200 nm), and amount of isoeugenol functional substance (1-20 mol%) was tested against the following peri-implantitis-associated species: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Escherichia coli, Actinomyces viscosus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus oralis, S. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 25;74:102553. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica. Electronic address:

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the glucosyltransferase activity of C. difficile TcdB on the activity of human PMNs.

Methods: To better understand the interaction between PMNs and TcdB, PMNs were treated with sub-lethal concentrations of TcdB. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 24;74:102551. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address:

In this study, we isolated and molecularly characterized 10 (1.6%) C. difficile isolates from 644 commercially available raw meat samples. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 23;74:102549. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. Electronic address:

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) places a burden on healthcare facilities worldwide. Most research studies have been concentrated in high-income countries in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia, where C. difficile is the leading cause of diarrhoea associated with antimicrobial use. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 22;74:102547. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica; Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia (LIBA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica; Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica. Electronic address:

This narrative review summarizes literature on C. difficile and C. difficile infections (CDI) that emerged from Latin America (LA) between 1984 and 2021. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Apr 22;74:102550. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Nedlands, WA, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile commonly causes hospital-acquired infection which can range from mild diarrhoea to life-threatening toxic megacolon and even death. Reports on C. difficile infection (CDI) in Vietnam are limited, so this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Mar 18:102548. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Straße, Building 43, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German National Reference Center for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, Homburg/Saar, Münster-Coesfeld, Germany.

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Several "hypervirulent" lineages such as ribotype 027 (RT027) and RT078 are of high epidemiological importance, leading to outbreaks and more severe courses of disease. An active surveillance system targeting molecular epidemiology and corresponding antimicrobial resistance has not been established in Germany. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Mar 12:102546. Epub 2022 Mar 12.

Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Objectives: We aimed to identify the enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and bft subtypes among patients with diarrhea. In addition, we assessed whether DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) and neuraminidase (nanH) genes are useful determinants for identification of B. fragilis compared to 16S rRNA sequencing as a reference method. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Mar 9:102545. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile is an important pathogen responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). This study was aimed to perform multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of C. difficile isolates from AAD cases and to understand the clonal relationship between these C. Read More