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Semin Perinatol 2019 Mar 9. Epub 2019 Mar 9.

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main Street, Suite F420, Houston, Texas.

A sustained increase in the maternal death rate in the U.S. remains one of the most challenging issues of the twenty-first century. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 May 8;37(2):351-363. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Suite 4B-42, Washington, DC 20010, USA. Electronic address:

Many health care providers lack familiarity with maternal physiologic changes and the distinctive underlying etiology of cardiac arrest in pregnancy. Knowledge of what changes are expected in pregnancy and an understanding of how to adapt clinical practice is essential for the care of the pregnant woman in the emergency department. Amniotic fluid embolism should be recognized as a rare cause of cardiac arrest in pregnancy, characterized by the triad of cardiovascular collapse, hypoxic respiratory failure, and coagulopathy. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 May;37(2):287-300

UCLA Ronald Reagan-Olive View Emergency Medicine Residency, UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

This article covers a high-risk time in a woman's life, the period just after delivery of her baby. There are large variations in complication rates across various groups in the United States. Many women seek care in the emergency department for routine and more serious postpartum pathologies. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 May;37(2):277-286

UCLA Ronald Reagan-Olive View Emergency Medicine Residency, Ronald Reagan Medical Center, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

The period just after delivery is a high-risk period for women with associated morbidity and even mortality. There are large variations in complication rates across various groups in the United States. This article covers complications commonly encountered in the emergency department in late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Read More

Malays J Med Sci 2018 Sep 30;25(5):151-157. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Traumatic brain injury is the major contributing factor in non-obstetric mortality in developing countries. Approximately 20% of maternal mortality is directly correlated to injuries. Road traffic accidents and domestic violence are the most common nonlethal injuries that can threaten either the maternal or foetal life, and such events occur in one out of every 12 pregnancies. Read More

Anaesthesia 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK.

The use of cell salvage during caesarean section has been increasing steadily, although there are concerns relating to cost, a perceived risk of amniotic fluid embolism, and fetal red cell sensitisation. We present observational data from almost a decade of use of intra-operative cell salvage in obstetrics. By the end of this period, we set up cell salvage collection for > 98% of all caesarean sections. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(11):e14835

The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Medical Center for Critical Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors among obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).The study was conducted in Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University during January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2016. A total of 44,817 pregnant women ≥20 weeks of gestational age were scanned. Read More

A A Pract 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care.

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but dreaded complication of pregnancy, with an incidence between 2 and 7/100,000 deliveries. We report an amniotic fluid embolism after urgent cesarean delivery diagnosed on a cardiac arrest, complicated by cardiogenic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This report describes the indication, efficacy, and success of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the early management of cardiac arrest, cardiac failure driven by amniotic fluid embolism, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix at Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have demonstrated continuous increased risk for maternal mortality and severe morbidity with racial disparities among non-Hispanic black women an important contributing factor. More than 50,000 women experienced severe maternal morbidity in 2014, with a mortality rate of 18.0 per 100,000, higher than in many other developed countries. Read More

Int J Obstet Anesth 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France. Electronic address:

N Engl J Med 2019 02;380(9):842-849

From the School of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (M.T.G.), the School of Medicine (M.T.G., J.L., R.S.), the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (G.W.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Research (N.M.F.), University of Queensland, Genetic Health Queensland (M.T.G., P.M.), the Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care (J.L., R.S., N.M.F.), and the Department of Cytogenetics (A.N.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (Y.S., G.W.M.), Brisbane, the School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD (M.T.G.), Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC (T.B.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC (T.B.), and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney (N.M.F.) - all in Australia; and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (P.J., H.Z., R.C.).

Sesquizygotic multiple pregnancy is an exceptional intermediate between monozygotic and dizygotic twinning. We report a monochorionic twin pregnancy with fetal sex discordance. Genotyping of amniotic fluid from each sac showed that the twins were maternally identical but chimerically shared 78% of their paternal genome, which makes them genetically in between monozygotic and dizygotic; they are sesquizygotic. Read More

MedEdPORTAL 2018 Oct 26;14:10768. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Perinatal Patient Safety Coordinator, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.

Introduction: Cardiac arrest in pregnancy is rare. Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support courses rarely address interventions specific to obstetric patients, and knowledge gaps are frequent among providers. The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology and American Heart Association have published guidelines regarding management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy, and interdisciplinary simulation training has been advocated to reinforce key management points for this clinical scenario. Read More

J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019 May 20;48(5):309-314. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

INSERM U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research team (EPOPé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Port-Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.

The incidence of maternal cardiac arrest ranges from 1/55,000 to 1/12,000 births. It is due most frequently to cardiovascular, hemorrhagic, and anesthesia-related causes, as well as to amniotic fluid embolism. The basic principles of resuscitation remain applicable in this situation, but the physiological modifications of pregnancy must be taken into account, in particular, the aortocaval compression syndrome. Read More

Anesthesiology 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

Nurs Womens Health 2019 Feb;23(1):38-48

Anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy (ASP) is a widespread, proinflammatory, anaphylactic-like reaction that can occur when amniotic fluid enters the maternal blood circulation. ASP is characterized by four cardinal findings: respiratory distress, altered mental status, hypotension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. ASP is commonly associated with maternal and neonatal mortality. Read More

Case Rep Womens Health 2019 Jan 23;21:e00097. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

University of South Alabama, Children's and Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 251 Cox Street, Mobile, AL 36604, United States.

Cerebrovascular disease is not uncommon during pregnancy as a result of either venous or arterial occlusion, or a hemorrhagic event, resulting in ischemia. Pregnancy may alter the prognosis of these neurologic disorders, with increased risks of morbidity and mortality for the mother and the developing fetus. Etiologies of stroke during pregnancy and the postpartum period include preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), amniotic fluid embolism, postpartum angiopathy, postpartum cardiomyopathy, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), cerebral venous thrombosis, CNS infections, and maternal thrombophilia. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2018 Sep-Dec;11(3):822-834. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Among the differential diagnoses that should be considered in acute respiratory failure (ARF) are infectious processes, autoimmune diseases, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary neoplasia. Timely diagnosis of lung neoplasia is complicated in the early stages. An opportune diagnosis, as well as the specific treatment, decrease mortality. Read More

J Clin Anesth 2019 Jan 17;56:4-5. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Obstetrics, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address:

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019 Jan 22:1-6. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

a Russian Ministry of Health , Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk State Medical University , Omsk , Russia.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of a Zhukovsky obstetric double balloon for improving outcomes in women undergoing hysterectomy for postpartum hemorrhage.

Materials And Methods: This was a randomized controlled study. Participants were divided into two groups to undergo insertion of a Zhukovsky obstetric double balloon prior to hysterectomy (n = 16) or conventional hysterectomy (n = 25). Read More

Sud Med Ekspert 2018;61(6):48-51

Department of Forensic Medicine, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 194044.

The authors report two cases of extended amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) associated with the birth-giving process with the analysis of their causes and the discussion of the possible pathways through which the amniotic fluid penetrates into maternal blood. A rare cause of amniotic fluid embolism due to the rupture of placental membranes as a result of submembranous hemorrhage is described. The changes in the lungs associated with extended AFE are apparent in the presence of macroscopic emboli formed from the particles of the amniotic fluid. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019 Mar 24;220(3):285-287. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

PLoS One 2018 26;13(11):e0207920. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Information Management, Hunan Province Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Background: The control of maternal deaths continues to be a significant public health issue and commands an enormous amount of attention, especially under the future family planning policy. Here, we describe the epidemiology and trends of maternal deaths in Hunan province, and give several policy implications.

Methods: Maternal deaths in Hunan province between 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Read More

Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Aug 25;34(4):384. Epub 2018 Aug 25.

School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.

Objectives: To study the epidemiological and pathological features of sudden death （SD） in Yunnan Province and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and forensic identification of sudden death.

Methods: Totally 363 SD cases were collected from the autopsies between 2009 and 2017 in the Forensic Centre of Kunming Medical University. The related factors such as etiology, age, inducing factor, time interval between the onset of disease and death, morbidity season and pathological change were retrospectively analysed. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Nov 4:1-8. Epub 2018 Nov 4.

a Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Central South University , Changsha , China.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) and spontaneous hepatic rupture both are extremely rare complications of pregnancy that can be fatal to mother and/or child. AFE is characterized by a sudden collapse of the cardiovascular system, a change in mental status, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), occurring immediately during labor, delivery, or postpartum, caused by the inflow of amniotic components into the maternal circulation. Spontaneous hepatic rupture during pregnancy which is most often occurs alongside hypertensive disorders, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome. Read More

Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2018 Oct;79(10):C157-C160

Consultant in Anaesthesia and Obstetric Lead, Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals, Bath.

Int J Obstet Anesth 2018 Sep 11. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Medicine, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom.

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but often catastrophic emergency. The non-specific clinical features and lack of diagnostic tests make it a diagnosis of exclusion. Point-of-care visco-elastometric testing is being increasingly used during obstetric haemorrhage. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019 Jan 24;45(1):239. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Department of Anesthesiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA.

Indian J Anaesth 2018 Sep;62(9):704-709

Department of Anaesthesia, ESICMC-PGIMSR, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Obstetric emergencies are a challenge both for the obstetrician and the anaesthesiologist. The incidence of caesarean sections as per the National Family Health Survey published in 2015-16 was 17.2%. Read More

Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2018 Sep 14. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.

AACN Adv Crit Care 2018 ;29(3):336-342

Anne-Marie McBride is Clinical Nurse, Intensive Care, Calvary North Adelaide Hospital, 23 Strangways Terrace, North Adelaide, 5006 Australia

Obstetric emergencies often require intensive care intervention. Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare, unpredictable, and often catastrophic complication of pregnancy that is suspected in a woman who experiences cardiac arrest after a cesarean section. The condition occurs in approximately 1 in 40 000 births and has an average case-fatality rate of 16%. Read More

Clin Chest Med 2018 09;39(3):505-513

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Geisinger, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822-1334, USA.

Pulmonary artery filling defects can be observed in various pathologic processes other than pulmonary embolism, for example, nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism with biological and nonbiological materials and intrinsic pulmonary artery lesions. They have also been described in rare conditions, such as fibrosing mediastinitis and congenital absence or stenosis of pulmonary artery, and some pulmonary parenchymal and airway malignancies. Misdiagnosis is common owing to the relative rarity of these conditions. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018 Oct 5;44(10):1995-1998. Epub 2018 Jul 5.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, Ise, Japan.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) causes consumption coagulopathy, which requires a massive transfusion to save the mother's life. The preparation of such a massive transfusion is too time-consuming in extremely emergent clinical settings and occasionally leads to devastating side effects such as transfusion-associated acute lung injury. C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) is a protein with the ability to inhibit complement, coagulation and kinin pathways. Read More

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2018 Aug 25;222(4):143-151. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece.

According to data from the WHO, maternal mortality ratio has dropped worldwide by 44% between 1990 and 2015, yet more than 300,000 mothers still die annually, about 99% of them in the developing countries. In some developed countries the incidence of maternal deaths has even increased during the past 2 decades. The leading causes of direct maternal deaths are haemorrhage (nearly 3-quarters from postpartum haemorrhage), pulmonary embolism including amniotic fluid embolism, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; the leading cause of indirect maternal deaths is cardiac disease of the mother. Read More

Korean J Intern Med 2019 Jan 25;34(1):227-230. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

J Obstet Gynaecol India 2018 Jun 26;68(3):155-163. Epub 2018 Mar 26.

2Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain & Critical Care, AFMC, Pune, India.

Maternal mortality is disastrous news for the society, family, newborn, and the obstetrician. Yet, we all who are care providers to these apparently healthy women carrying another life within them are dumbfounded by the clinical conditions arising due to the pregnancy or the effects of the pregnancy, that it becomes difficult to provide an ideal care to them. The rapid uprising of a condition and the worsening of commonly occurring benign conditions-preeclampsia, hemorrhage, etc. Read More

J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2018 11 8;19(4):210-214. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning, Ministry of Health of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey

Objective: To analyze the value of autopsy reports for determining the cause of maternal deaths in Turkey.

Material And Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, the case files of 992 maternal deaths, except for accidental causes, that occurred in Turkey between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed. An autopsy examination was performed in 177 (17. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 Jun;28(6):S107-S109

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare and severe problem in obstetric patients. We experienced a 21-year primigravida who underwent emergency cesarean section due to sudden collapse and fetal distress after rupture of membranes in labour. Subsequently, she developed intraoperative coagulopathy, hemorrhage, hypotension, and respiratory collapse requiring ventilation. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Mar;10(3):E189-E193

Department of Forensic Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare but fatal obstetric emergency, which is characterized by a sudden cardiovascular collapse, respiratory failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We report a case of sudden cardiac arrest due to an amniotic-fluid embolism which was successfully treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A 32-year-old female at 39. Read More

Masui 2017 May;66(5):546-549

We report a case of sudden shock during caesarean section under combined spinal epidural anesthesia. The patient was a 29-year-old woman. During the operation vital signs had been almost stable until a female-baby was born. Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Apr;57(2):276-282

Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Obstetric Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate our experience with the application of uterine wall local resection and reconstruction to preserve the uterus in patients with morbidly adherent placenta.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective study, data from patients with morbidly adherent placenta who delivered by cesarean section between January 1, 2013 and May 31, 2016 were analyzed. Prophylactic abdominal aorta balloon occlusion and tourniquet were used to prevent massive hemorrhage in all 62 cases, followed by uterine wall local resection and reconstruction to preserve the uterus. Read More

J Nephrol 2018 Oct 10;31(5):645-651. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

APHP, Hôpital Tenon, Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation Rénale, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.

Kidneys may fail post-partum in a number of circumstances due, for example, to post-partum haemorrhage, preeclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism or septic abortion. All these conditions in pregnancy and post partum represent a threat not only to the endothelium but also to the renal tubular epithelium, and as such may lead to rapid and also irreversible impairment of the renal function. This paper is a non-systematic review of the literature and of our experience, in which we discuss the main open issues on kidney disease in pregnancy and following delivery, in particular as regards tubular damage, with the aim to help reasoning on acute kidney injury (AKI) following delivery. Read More

Obstet Gynecol Sci 2018 Mar 8;61(2):209-219. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Objective: Reviewing indications and characteristics of obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care center, comparing those patients by time period and place of delivery, and to verify clinical utility of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score in ICU-admitted women.

Methods: Retrospective analyses were carried out for parturients admitted to the ICU of our institution from 1994 to 2015. Clinical characteristics were compared between time period (period 1: 1994-2004; period 2: 2005-2015) and place of delivery (our institution and local hospitals). Read More

Am J Perinatol 2019 Jan 8;36(1):8-14. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Objective:  To determine the factors associated with severe maternal morbidity in a modern cohort of women laboring at term and to create a prediction model.

Study Design:  This is a retrospective cohort study of all term, laboring patients with live births at a single tertiary care center from 2004 to 2014. The primary outcome was composite maternal morbidity including organ failure, amniotic fluid embolism, anesthesia complications, sepsis, shock, thrombotic events, transfusion, or hysterectomy. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 Mar;28(3):S49-S50

Department of Urogynecology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

The management of puerperal hematomas after normal delivery has always been challenging for obstetricians. Vulvar, vulvovaginal, or paravaginal hematomas are common. On the other hand, retroperitoneal hematomas are uncommon and can be life-threatening. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2018 10 14;26(7):625-626. Epub 2018 Feb 14.

1 Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale/IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2017 21;2017:8458375. Epub 2017 Dec 21.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, 234 East 149th Street, Bronx, NY 10451, USA.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is the second leading cause of maternal mortality in the USA with an incidence of 1 : 15,200 births. The case fatality rate and perinatal mortality associated with AFE are 13-30% and 9-44%, respectively. This rare but devastating complication can be difficult to diagnose as many of the early signs and symptoms are nonspecific. Read More

Health Technol Assess 2018 01;22(2):1-88

Women's Health Research Unit, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Background: Caesarean section is associated with blood loss and maternal morbidity. Excessive blood loss requires transfusion of donor (allogeneic) blood, which is a finite resource. Cell salvage returns blood lost during surgery to the mother. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 04 29;218(4):460-461. Epub 2017 Dec 29.

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine and Ben Taub Hospital, 6651 Main Street, Suite F1096, Houston, TX 77030. Electronic address:

PLoS Med 2017 Dec 19;14(12):e1002471. Epub 2017 Dec 19.

Women's Health Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.

Background: Excessive haemorrhage at cesarean section requires donor (allogeneic) blood transfusion. Cell salvage may reduce this requirement.

Methods And Findings: We conducted a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (at 26 obstetric units; participants recruited from 4 June 2013 to 17 April 2016) of routine cell salvage use (intervention) versus current standard of care without routine salvage use (control) in cesarean section among women at risk of haemorrhage. Read More

Asian J Anesthesiol 2017 12 9;55(4):93-94. Epub 2017 Dec 9.

Department of Anesthesiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan.