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Neurology 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.

Background And Objectives: We aimed to identify how child neurology and neurodevelopmental disabilities residency program directors (PDs) implemented revised Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements for adult neurology training for child neurology residents. Prior to 2014, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology certification for child neurology required an "adult year," with no specified rotation requirements. At that point, programs scheduled a median of 10 months of adult neurology rotations during the third postgraduate year (PGY-3). Read More

J Sch Psychol 2022 Jun 14;92:188-208. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Jefferson County Public Schools, USA.

School disciplinary practices affect student academic and life outcomes. Many schools have recently shifted towards the prevention of behavioral disorders rather than the punishment of such disorders, but disciplinary actions are still disproportionately meted out to Black students. We took advantage of a natural experiment in a large school district to investigate the costs and effects of a school-wide intervention based on the principles of restorative justice on suspensions, referrals, and three school climate constructs. Read More

Fertil Steril 2022 Jun;117(6):1177-1182

There is moderate evidence that assisted hatching does not significantly improve live birth rates in fresh assisted reproductive technology cycles and insufficient evidence for the benefit of assisted hatching in patients with poor prognosis or undergoing frozen embryo transfer cycles. This document replaces the document of the same name published in 2014. Read More

J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 May;79(21):2129-2139

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

The burden of vascular diseases and complexity of their management have been growing. Vascular medicine specialists may help to bridge gaps in care, especially as part of multidisciplinary teams. However, there is a limited number of vascular medicine specialists because of constraints in training. Read More

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

Introduction: A curative-intent surgical procedure, pleurectomy/decortication, for malignant pleural mesothelioma is accompanied by a high incidence of major postoperative complications. Although epidural block, which suppresses nociception during and after surgery, reportedly has both benefits and disadvantages in terms of outcomes after thoracic surgery for other diseases, the effects of epidural block on major complications after pleurectomy/decortication have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between epidural block and major postoperative complications following pleurectomy/decortication. Read More

J Pain Symptom Manage 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Context: Despite the known importance of culturally tailored palliative care (PC), American Indian people (AIs) in the Great Plains lack access to such services. While clinicians caring for AIs in the Great Plains have long acknowledged major barriers to serious illness care, there is a paucity of literature describing specific factors influencing PC access and delivery for AI patients living on reservation land.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore factors influencing PC access and delivery on reservation land in the Great Plains to inform the development culturally tailored PC services for AIs. Read More

J Pain Symptom Manage 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Context: American Indians (AIs) are disproportionately affected by serious illness such as cancer. Colonization, cultural genocide, and trauma have adversely affected AIs' ability to attain health and well-being, and in many cases led to the loss of the right to practice traditional ceremonies and rituals. Still many AIs describe well-being as being rooted in spirituality. Read More

J Infect 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella infective endocarditis and compare them with Viridans group streptococci infective endocarditis.

Methods: All patients in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis (ICE) - prospective cohort study (PCS) and the ICE-PLUS cohort were included (n=8112). Data from patients with definitive or possible IE due to Abiotrophia species, Granulicatella species and Viridans group streptococci was analyzed. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

University of Utah Health John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

Purpose: To describe gender representation at eight national ophthalmology conferences, stratified by role, session category, and sub-specialty.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Study Population: 3,817 presenters at the 2019 American Academy of Ophthalmology subspecialty days, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, American Glaucoma Society, American Society of Retina Specialists, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, and American Uveitis Society meetings. Read More

Lancet Respir Med 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: Baricitinib and dexamethasone have randomised trials supporting their use for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. We assessed the combination of baricitinib plus remdesivir versus dexamethasone plus remdesivir in preventing progression to mechanical ventilation or death in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial, patients were enrolled at 67 trial sites in the USA (60 sites), South Korea (two sites), Mexico (two sites), Singapore (two sites), and Japan (one site). Read More

Appl Clin Inform 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States.

Background: Healthcare institutions have their own "picklist" for clinicians to document adverse drug reactions (ADRs) into the electronic health record (EHR) allergy list. Whether the lack of a nationally standardized picklist impacts clinician data entries is unknown.

Objectives: To assess the impact of defined reaction picklists on clinical documentation and, therefore, downstream analytics and clinical research using these data at two institutions. Read More

Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022 May 17;32:100577. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Insitute, Hyderabad, India.

Soc Sci Med 2022 May 19;305:115048. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center Cizak School of Nursing at Houston, USA.

Firearm violence is a major health problem in the United States that clusters asymmetrically across geographic and demographic lines, and the persistence and unequal distribution of firearm violence suggests that novel causal explanations and theoretical frameworks may be warranted to guide preventive strategies. Thus, this study explores the following three hypotheses that are grounded in complex systems theory: 1) trends in firearm homicides risks have shifted heterogeneously in Harris County across endemic degree of risk; 2) firearm homicides clusters have remained resilient in Harris County across the study time period; and 3), the associations between known contextual correlates of firearm homicides and the distribution of firearm homicides risks in Harris County have manifested as nonlinear. Using a retrospective study design (n = 4,397) from January 1, 2009-June 31, 2021, medicolegal death investigation data from the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences and estimates of community characteristics from the American Community Survey were analyzed using Joinpoint trend analysis, kernel density geospatial analysis, and proportion tests. Read More

J Palliat Med 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Cherokee Indian Hospital, Cherokee, North Carolina, USA.

American Indians with chronic kidney disease are twice as likely to develop end-stage renal disease. Palliative care is underused by American Indian patients, although studies show it is not due to an unwillingness to engage in conversations about end of life. The aim of our study was to explore the experiences and beliefs of Nephrology and palliative care providers of one tribal community with respect to engaging patients and family members in palliative care. Read More

JMIR Form Res 2022 Apr 19. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Section for Outcomes Research, Medical Universtiy of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, AT.

Background: On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Committee declared the rapid worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global health emergency. By December 2020, the safety and efficacy of the first COVID-19 vaccines had been demonstrated. However, international vaccination coverage rates have remained below expectations (in Europe, at manuscript submission). Read More

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Purpose: Metabolomics identifies molecular products produced in response to numerous stimuli, including both adaptive (includes exercise training) and disease processes. We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of American-style football (ASF) athletes, who reliably acquire maladaptive cardiovascular (CV) phenotypes during competitive training, with high-resolution metabolomics to determine whether metabolomics can discriminate exercise-induced CV adaptations from early CV pathology.

Methods: Matched discovery (N = 42) and validation (N = 40) multi-center cohorts of collegiate freshman ASF athletes were studied with longitudinal echocardiography, applanation tonometry, and high-resolution metabolomics. Read More

Am J Nurs 2022 Jun;122(6):42

Giebenhain is the author of Sharps Cabaret (Mercer University Press, 2017), a book of poems. Her art and writing have appeared in Bridge Eight, New Welsh Review, The Examined Life Journal, Pittsburgh Quarterly, the BMJ Medical Humanities blog, and The Northern Virginia Review. American Drug Formulary Exclusions © 2022 by Katy Giebenhain. Contact the artist through her website: www.katygiebenhain.com.

Science 2022 May 26;376(6596):925. Epub 2022 May 26.

The reviewer is at the Department of History and the Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.

A historian confronts the stories used to sell the American manifest destiny project. Read More

PLoS One 2022 26;17(5):e0269069. Epub 2022 May 26.

Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.

Despite their broad distribution across the North Pacific Ocean, the only known spawning grounds for Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis) are around coastal Japan and the East China Sea. However, an increase in the prevalence of large bluefin tuna up to 10 years old in the California Current System during exceptionally warm ocean conditions has led to speculation that they may be spawning in this region. To investigate this possibility, we collected samples from 36 females (estimated 3-8 years old) between 2015 and 2019. Read More

Psychol Trauma 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Objective: African Americans living in low-income urban environments are disproportionately exposed to violence compared to other racial groups. Child exposure to community violence is linked to adverse psychological outcomes, including externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Emotion dysregulation may be one psychological process through which externalizing and internalizing behaviors develop in the context of childhood violence exposure. Read More

J Couns Psychol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences.

While a growing body of literature has examined factors that contribute to Asian Americans' negative body image, little research has investigated Asian Americans' body image from a strengths-based perspective. This study thus presents the Pride in Asian American Appearance Scale (PAAAS), which was designed to measure the extent to which Asian Americans feel positively about their own racialized physical appearances as well as those of fellow Asian Americans. Items were developed through an extensive literature review, cognitive interviews, and expert feedback. Read More

Am Psychol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

University of Houston.

Memorializes John D. Robinson (1946-2021). John was the first African American psychologist to serve in both the United States Air Force (1973-1975) and Navy (1975-1983). Read More

R I Med J (2013) 2022 Jun 1;105(5):20-22. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Chair, Board of Directors, American Board of Internal Medicine; Chair-Emeritus, ACP Board of Regents.

J Genet Couns 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Latin American School of Oncology, Sierra Madre, California, USA.

Next-generation tumor tissue sequencing techniques may result in the detection of putative germline pathogenic variants (PVs), raising the possibility that germline cancer predisposition could be identified from archival medical tissue samples of deceased relatives. The approach, termed traceback, is designed to inform risk management recommendations for living family members. Provider perspectives regarding traceback testing have not yet been explored, so we conducted a cross-sectional survey of Clinical Cancer Genomics Community of Practice providers regarding their attitudes and beliefs toward traceback testing. Read More

Reprod Sci 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, American Hospital, Tesvikiye mahallesi, Guzelbahce sokak No:20, 34365, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.

Oocyte pick-up (OPU) is considered as a minor surgical procedure and complications are very rare when performed by trained physicians. However, data on training standards are limited and assessment of proficiency is challenging. The aim of this study was to show the impact of physician experience on OPU performance in mono-follicular in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, using two measurable outcome parameters: successful oocyte retrieval and operative time. Read More

Reprod Sci 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.

Endometriosis is a disease defined by the presence of abnormal endometrium at ectopic sites, causing pain and infertility in 10% of women. Mutations in the chromatin remodeling protein ARID1A (AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A) have been identified in endometriosis, particularly in the more severe deep infiltrating endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma subtypes. ARID1A has been shown to regulate chromatin at binding sites of the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor, and AP-1 expression has been shown in multiple endometriosis models. Read More

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1030 William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, United States.

Youth depression is an impairing pediatric condition for which psychotherapy effects are modest. Can outcomes be improved by treatments that address the family context, as proposed in practice parameters of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry? To find out, we searched five decades of research for randomized controlled trials testing family-based interventions; 11 trials were found for ages 4-18 years. Using robust variance estimation, we obtained estimates of effect size (ES) and tested candidate moderators that might explain variation in ES. Read More

Carbon Balance Manag 2022 May 26;17(1). Epub 2022 May 26.

School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.

Background: Uncontrolled wildfires in Australian temperate Eucalyptus forests produce significant smoke emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO) and particulates. Emissions from fires in these ecosystems, however, have received less research attention than the fires in North American conifer forests or frequently burned Australian tropical savannas. Here, we use the 2013 Forcett-Dunalley fire that caused the first recorded pyrocumulonimbus event in Tasmania, to understand CO and particulate matter (PM) emissions from a severe Eucalyptus forest fire. Read More

J Physician Assist Educ 2022 Jun;33(2):94-100

Corri Wolf, PhD, PA-C, RDN, is assistant dean of accreditation and curriculum, School of Health Professions, and an associate professor for the Department of Physician Assistant Studies at the New York Institute of Technology in New York, New York.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine physician assistants' (PAs') current level of confidence to engage in nutrition-related tasks and their satisfaction with the nutrition education they received in PA school.

Methods: To achieve this goal, a mixed-methods approach that consisted of 3 data collection phases (qualitative online discussions, quantitative survey, and qualitative interviews) was used to explore and measure PAs' perceptions of the education they received in PA school and through other sources and how confident they felt addressing nutrition-related issues in clinical practice.

Results: While 80% of PAs endorse the idea that PAs should be more involved in providing nutritional care to patients, the majority reported basic or no knowledge of the nutritional implications of chronic conditions (69%), inflammatory bowel disease (69%), nutritional needs over the lifespan (67%), and food allergies and intolerances (64%). Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

College of Pharmacy, AlZaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered the fourth leading cause of death in Palestine, with a prevalence of 9.1% in patients aged 20-79 years, and is predicted to increase to 20.6% by 2020. Read More