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J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Feb 15:1-17. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

1Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

OBJECTIVEPredicting neurological recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a complex task considering the heterogeneous nature of injury and the inconsistency of individual studies. This study aims to summarize the current evidence on neurological recovery following TSCI by use of a meta-analytical approach, and to identify injury, treatment, and study variables with prognostic significance.METHODSA literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed, and studies reporting follow-up changes in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) or Frankel or ASIA motor score (AMS) scales were included in the meta-analysis. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Feb 15:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; and.

OBJECTIVEThe importance of global sagittal alignment is well known. Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) generally tend to bend forward to relieve their neurological symptoms, i.e. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 15:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

OBJECTIVEThe American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) online surgical risk calculator uses inherent patient characteristics to provide predictive risk scores for adverse postoperative events. The purpose of this study was to determine if predicted perioperative risk scores correlate with actual hospital costs.METHODSA single-center retrospective review of 1005 neurosurgical patients treated between September 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014, was performed. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 15:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

6Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.

On May 5, 1961, Alan B. Shepard Jr. piloted the Freedom 7 craft into a suborbital flight to become the first American man in space. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Feb 15:1-13. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Departments of1Neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVEThe Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MSSIC) is a statewide, multicenter quality improvement initiative. Using MSSIC data, the authors sought to identify 90-day adverse events and their associated risk factors (RFs) after cervical spine surgery.METHODSA total of 8236 cervical spine surgery cases were analyzed. Read More

J Crit Care 2019 Feb 6;51:88-93. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Rural Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Internal Medicine Service, Ballarat Health Services, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address:

Purpose: The objective here is to define the extent and possible reasons for geographic variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP).

Methods: A random effects meta-regression model of Pseudomonas associated VAP incidence within the published literature was undertaken incorporating group level factors such trauma admission, year of publication and use of bronchoscopic sampling towards VAP diagnosis.

Results: Pseudomonas associated VAP incidence was reported in 162 studies from seven worldwide regions published over 30 years. Read More

J Environ Manage 2019 Feb 13;236:622-630. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Animal Bioscience Building 205, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.

Animals are expected to select habitats that maximize their fitness over evolutionary time scales. Yet in human-modified landscapes, habitat selection might not always lead to increased fitness because animals undervalue high-quality resources that appear less attractive than those of lower quality. In the American West, agriculture has modified landscapes, yet little is known about whether agricultural changes alter the reliability of the cues animals use to identify habitat quality; ultimately forming maladaptive breeding strategies where behavioral cues are mismatched with survival outcomes. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2019 Feb 8;167:161-186. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt. Electronic address:

Neuroinflammation and cholinergic deficit are key detrimental processes involved in Alzheimer's disease. Hence, in the search for novel and effective treatment strategies, the multi-target-directed ligand paradigm was applied to the rational design of two series of new hybrids endowed with anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activity via triple targeting properties, namely able to simultaneously hit cholinesterases, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) enzymes. Among the synthesized compounds, triazoles 5b and 5d, and thiosemicarbazide hybrid 6e emerged as promising new hits, being able to effectively inhibit human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), COX-2 and 15-LOX enzymes with a higher inhibitory potency than the reference inhibitors tacrine (for hBChE inhibition), celecoxib (for COX-2 inhibition) and both NDGA and Zileuton (for 15-LOX inhibition). Read More

Eat Behav 2019 Feb 10;33:7-12. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon.

Background: Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the effects of media violence on attitudes, behaviors, and cardiovascular health; however, only few studies have examined its effect on appetite, eating behavior and food preferences. Little attention has been given to understand how movie genre manipulates the physiology and the eating behavior of individuals. The present study aimed at investigating the acute effect of violence content in movies on appetite perception, heart rate and blood pressure, along with food preferences and intake in young individuals. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Feb 7;30:129-135. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Neurology Department, Hospital Italiano y Español de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

Current multiple sclerosis (MS) therapeutic options have significantly increased treatment algorithm complexity. This urges physicians to take into account multiple factors in the decision-making process and make an even more thorough analysis of the risk-benefit balance. We carried out a descriptive review aiming to assess some factors that endanger the proper MS treatment fulfillment, focusing mainly on Latin American countries. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Doctor of Physical therapy, Health, Rehabilitation, Integration and Research Center, Beirut Lebanon.

Background: Depression is a prevalent and disabling condition associated with spinal cord injury. Such associated negative factor warrants the use of valid and reliable psychological assessment tools among this group. One of the available assessment means is the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a short screening measure which evaluates depression status. Read More

J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, USA.

Study Objectives: To assess the change in rate of laparoscopic salpingectomy for sterilization after the release of the November 2013 Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Clinical Practice Statement and the January 2015 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee Opinion: Salpingectomy for Ovarian Cancer Prevention. We hypothesized there would be an increase in salpingectomy as a percentage of total laparoscopic sterilizations performed without an increase in complications when compared to conventional bilateral tubal ligation (BTL).

Design: A retrospective cohort study. Read More

Resuscitation 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus Universitsy Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Aim: To determine whether the removal of atropine from the 2010 ACLS guidelines for non-shockable cardiac arrests was associated with a change in survival.

Methods: Using the Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation registry, we included adults with an index in-hospital cardiac arrest between 2006 and 2015. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI. Electronic address:

Purpose: To update outcome and toxicity results of a prospective trial of 19 Gy single-fraction high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for men with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients were treated on a prospective study of single-fraction HDR brachytherapy. All patients had low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Read More

J Res Adolesc 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.

Beliefs about child competence in math and reading have important implications for academic performance in adolescence. However, it is unclear whether children's own beliefs are the most important predictor of their academic performance or whether parents' and teachers' beliefs about child competence influence child academic performance. We assessed mothers', fathers', teachers', and children's beliefs about European American children's (N = 189) competence in math and reading at age 10 and children's math and language performance at ages 10, 13, and 18 years. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Objective: To compare bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition among adolescents: (a) with atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) versus anorexia nervosa (AN) and (b) those with and without a prior history of overweight.

Method: Electronic medical records of patients 9-20 years with AN or AAN who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results: A total of 286 adolescents with AN or AAN were included. Read More

Med Health Care Philos 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Health, Ethics and Society, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Developments in Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and cell-free fetal DNA analysis raise the possibility that antenatal services may soon be able to support couples in non-invasively testing for, and diagnosing, an unprecedented range of genetic disorders and traits coded within their unborn child's genome. Inevitably, this has prompted debate within the bioethics literature about what screening options should be offered to couples for the purpose of reproductive choice. In relation to this problem, the European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) and American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) tentatively recommend that any expansion of this type of screening, as facilitated by NIPT, should be limited to serious congenital and childhood disorders. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Purpose: The metabolic etiology of breast cancer has been explored in the past several years using metabolomics. However, most of these studies only included non-Hispanic White individuals.

Methods: To fill this gap, we performed a two-step (discovery and validation) metabolomics profiling in plasma samples from 358 breast cancer patients and 138 healthy controls. Read More

Curr Treat Options Oncol 2019 Feb 15;20(3):19. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Medicine, Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, S73, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.

Opinion Statement: In the past, the standard of care for treatment of BM was whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and surgery. There has been a greater role for medical therapies in the last two decades due to the discovery of driver mutations and corresponding targeted therapies. These innovations have dramatically altered the approach to treating these patients. Read More

J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.

Neuropeptides are involved in various brain activities being able to control a wide spectrum of higher mental functions. The purpose of this concise structural investigation was to detect the possible immunoreactivity of the novel multifunctional neuropeptide nesfatin-1 within the human bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The BNST is involved in the mechanism of fear learning, integration of stress and reward circuits, and pathogenesis of addiction. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, CPO Box 8044, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: To investigate whether subscapularis integrity and compensatory teres, minor hypertrophy is associated with maintaining relatively good function and tolerable pain levels during non-operative treatment.

Methods: This study included 108 patients with irreparable, massive rotator cuff tears involving at least two tendons and stage III or IV muscle hypotrophy and fatty infiltration on oblique sagittal magnetic resonance imaging, in which even a partial repair does not seem feasible. All supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were grade IV; if the subscapularis was involved, only stage III or IV was included. Read More

Int J Equity Health 2019 Feb 15;18(1):33. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, 4068, Queensland, Australia.

Background: In recent years, developing countries like Bangladesh are facing a higher burden of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension as a result of demographic transition. Prevalence of hypertension is often studied in this setting. However, evidence on undiagnosed hypertension is not widely available in the existing literature. Read More

Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Education department of La Unión city, Chile.

Our aim was to investigate the effects of 12-weeks of CT (i.e., high-intensity interval and resistance training) in Mapuche adults from Chile and in their peers of European descent. Read More

J Rheumatol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

From the CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Schlosspark Klinik, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College; Pfizer, New York, New York; Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Rebecca McDonald Centre for Arthritis and Autoimmune Disease, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. EHC has received research grants and/or served as a member of advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Pfizer and Sanofi. HvH is an employee of Sanofi-Genzyme and holds stock in the company. LST has received research grants and/or served as a member of advisory boards and speaker bureaus of AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Celltrion, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. JC is an employee of Pfizer. T. Pickles, MSc, CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; R. Alten, MD, PhD, Schlosspark Klinik, Charité University Medicine; M. Boers, MD, PhD, MSc, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, and Amsterdam University Medical Centers VUmc; V. Bykerk, MD, FRCPC, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, and Rebecca McDonald Centre for Arthritis and Autoimmune Disease, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto; J. Christensen, MD, Pfizer; R. Christensen, PhD, MSc, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; H. van Hoogstraten, MD, PhD, Sanofi; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; L.S. Tam, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; E.H. Choy, MD, CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University. Address correspondence to Professor E.H. Choy, CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK CF14 4XN. E-mail: Accepted for publication December 18, 2018.

Objective: Adaptive trial design was developed initially for oncology to improve trial efficiency. If optimized for rheumatology, it may improve trial efficiency by reducing sample size and time.

Methods: A systematic review assessed design of phase II clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis. Read More

J Rheumatol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

From the Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. J.J. Tao, BSc, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute; L.T. Hiraki, MD, FRCPC, ScD, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute; D.M. Levy, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute; E.D. Silverman, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. E.D. Silverman, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. E-mail: Accepted for publication October 4, 2018.

Objective: Currently there are 2 different classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC). The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivities of ACR and SLICC criteria in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) using a large, multiethnic cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 722 patients diagnosed with cSLE at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids). Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Aims: To evaluate agreement between ocular findings of a telemedicine eye screening (visit 1) with diagnoses of a comprehensive eye examination (visit 2).

Methods: A primary care practice (PCP)-based telemedicine screening programme incorporating fundus photography, intraocular pressure (IOP) and clinical information was conducted. Eligible individuals were African American, Hispanic/Latino or Asian over the age of 40; Caucasian individuals over age 65; and adults of any ethnicity over age 40 with a family history of glaucoma or diabetes. Read More

Urol Oncol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Purpose: To determine in Ontario-based men with a single negative transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy the long-term rates of prostate cancer-specific mortality, diagnosis, and treatment; number of repeat biopsies; and predictors of prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality.

Materials And Methods: This was a population-based cohort study, using data from linked, validated health administrative databases, of all Ontario-based men with a negative first biopsy between January 1994 and October 2014. Patients were followed from time of first biopsy till death, administrative censoring, or end of study period. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA; Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Objective: To examine whether hospital-level factors contribute to discrepancies in reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS) of infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure.

Study Design: We used a linked dataset of birth, hospital, and CPS records using diagnostic codes (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) to identify infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure. Using multilevel models, we examined hospital-level and individual birth-level factors in relation to a report to CPS among those infants prenatally exposed to substances. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States. Electronic address:

Fractionated CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS) treatment for acoustic neuromas may reduce the risk of long-term radiation toxicity to nearby critical structures compared to that of single-fraction radiosurgery. However, tumor control rates and clinical outcomes after CKRS for acoustic neuromas are not well described. We retrospectively reviewed all acoustic neuroma patients treated with CKRS (2004-2011) in a prospectively maintained clinical and radiographic database. Read More

J Interpers Violence 2019 Feb 15:886260519827664. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

1 University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.

The guardianship component of routine activity theory (RAT) remains underexamined. Recent research has emphasized "guardianship-in-action," or the processes by which individuals evaluate potentially problematic situations. Research has also begun to identify conditions conducive to bystander intervention in troublesome situations, but has not been incorporated into the emerging literature on guardianship-in-action. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2019 Feb 14;10(2). Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.

Although gene expression can vary extensively within and among populations, the genetic basis of this variation and the evolutionary forces that maintain it are largely unknown. In , a 49-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism in the () gene is associated with variation in expression and oxidative stress tolerance. To better understand the functional and evolutionary significance of this polymorphism, we investigated it in several worldwide populations. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 14;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCC) of the breast as a carcinoma with glycogen accumulation in more than 90% of its tumor cells. Due to the rarity of this disease, its reported survival and clinical associations have been inconsistent due to reliance on case reports and limited case series. As a result, the prognostic implication of this cancer subtype remains unclear. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2019 Feb 14;9(2). Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA.

A wide variety of environmental stimuli can influence the behavior of animals including temperature, weather, light, lunar and seasonal cycles, seismic activity, as well as other perturbations to their circadian rhythm. Solar eclipses offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the relative influence of unexpected darkness on behavior of animals due to their sudden interference with local light levels and meteorology. Though occasionally bizarre, modern studies have lent support to the idea that at least some individuals of certain species display altered behavior during these events. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Feb 14;16(4). Epub 2019 Feb 14.

School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC)-Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna 1V1 1V7, BC, Canada.

Rapid urban expansion and population growth in Saudi cities over the past four decades have increased vehicular accidents and traffic congestion and have impacted the daily walking conditions of the residents. Walking has various health and environmental benefits. In North American and European countries, three factors have been found to motivate a resident to walk within their community: their accessibility to community social and business facilities, their perception and willingness, and the safety conditions of the roads and sidewalks within their community for walking. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Feb 6;664:908-914. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address:

Data from experiments where field-grown wheat was exposed to ozone were collated in order to compare the effects in Europe, Asia and North America using dose-response regression. In addition to grain yield, average grain mass and harvest index were included to reflect the influence of ozone on the crop growth pattern. In order to include as many experiments as possible, daytime average ozone concentration was used as the ozone exposure index, but AOT40, estimated from average ozone concentrations, was also used to compare the performance of the two exposure metrics. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2019 Feb 12;92:332-340. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address:

Hypoxic encephalopathy of the newborn is a major cause of long-term neurological sequelae. We have previously shown that CEP-701 (lestaurtinib), a drug with an established safety profile in children, attenuates short-term hyperexcitability and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor activation in a well-established rat model of early life hypoxic seizures (HS). Here, we investigated the potential long-term neuroprotective effects of a post-HS transient CEP-701 treatment. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. Electronic address:

Pediculus humanus is an obligate and highly intimate bloodsucking insect parasite of humans that has two ecotypes, head louse and body louse. This study analyzed genetic diversity at three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b [cytb], cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 [cox1] and 12S ribosomal RNA [12S]) in 98 head lice collected from an isolated Native American population from the Wayampi community in Trois-Sauts, French Guiana. These results are integrated with all prior data of P. Read More

Ophthalmology 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Purpose: To investigate ophthalmologists' rate of attestation to meaningful use (MU) of their electronic health record (EHR) systems in the Medicare EHR Incentive Program and their continuity and success in receiving payments in comparison with other specialties.

Design: Administrative database study.

Participants: Eligible professionals participating in the Medicare EHR Incentive Program. Read More

J Wildl Dis 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

2 Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA.

Ranaviruses and the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis are globally important emerging infectious diseases of amphibians. Amphibians on Oahu, the Hawaiian Island with the greatest potential for disease introduction through the movement of goods and people, have never been surveyed for ranaviruses or B. dendrobatidis. Read More

Cancer Cytopathol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Background: The American Thyroid Association guidelines task force currently recommends definitive thyroidectomy or lobectomy after an indeterminate thyroid biopsy in children. This recommendation is based on evidence of a greater incidence and a higher risk of malignancy compared with adults in earlier pediatric studies. Such management may lead to overtreatment and unnecessary surgery for many children in the United States. Read More

J Clin Pharmacol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

The American College of Clinical Pharmacology, Ashburn, VA, USA.

Although the medical profession strives for safe prescribing, most medications are unique challenges even when prescribed by an experienced provider. In this article we discuss the pitfalls associated with drug interactions between commonly used antibiotics and anticoagulants, the complexities associated with the administration of novel reversible anticoagulants, the often-overlooked severe adverse drug reactions from commonly used classes of medications such as corticosteroids, the nuances of managing an acetaminophen overdose, and uncommon yet serious adverse events associated with the use of contraceptive hormone drugs. Read More

Cancer 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Posterior fossa ependymoma (PFE) comprises 2 groups, PF group A (PFA) and PF group B (PFB), with stark differences in outcome. However, to the authors' knowledge, the long-term outcomes of PFA ependymoma have not been described fully. The objective of the current study was to identify predictors of survival and neurocognitive outcome in a large consecutive cohort of subgrouped patients with PFE over 30 years. Read More

J Int AIDS Soc 2019 Feb;22(2):e25250

Division of Infectious Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Introduction: Discontinuations of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by at-risk individuals could decrease the effectiveness of PrEP. Our objective was to characterize patterns of, reasons for, and clinical outcomes associated with PrEP discontinuations in primary care.

Methods: We conducted medical chart reviews for patients prescribed PrEP during 2011 to 2014 at a Boston community health centre specializing in healthcare for sexual and gender minorities. Read More

PLoS Comput Biol 2019 Feb 15;15(2):e1006493. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America.

Phylogenomic research is accelerating the publication of landmark studies that aim to resolve deep divergences of major organismal groups. Meanwhile, systems for identifying and integrating the products of phylogenomic inference-such as newly supported clade concepts-have not kept pace. However, the ability to verbalize node concept congruence and conflict across multiple, in effect simultaneously endorsed phylogenomic hypotheses, is a prerequisite for building synthetic data environments for biological systematics and other domains impacted by these conflicting inferences. Read More

PLoS Genet 2019 Feb 15;15(2):e1007916. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.

In the U.S., more than 80% of African-American smokers use mentholated cigarettes, compared to less than 30% of Caucasian smokers. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Doctors Hospital, Augusta, Georgia.

Background: Readiness Costs are real expenses incurred by trauma centers to maintain essential infrastructure to provide emergent services on a 24/7 basis. Although the components for readiness are well described in the American College of Surgeon's Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient, the cost associated with each component is not well defined. We hypothesized that meeting the requirements of the 2014 Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient would result in significant costs for trauma centers. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32209.

Orthop Nurs 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Susan Salmond, EdD, RN, ANEF, FAAN, Executive Vice Dean and Professor, School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, and Research Editor for Orthopaedic Nursing. Virginia Allread, MPH, Executive Assistant, School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ.

The United States is in the midst of a nationwide public health emergency: an epidemic of opioid misuse and abuse that has been called the deadliest drug crisis in American history. This article reviews the current status of the opioid epidemic, the trends over the last 30-40 years that may have contributed to the epidemic, and a population health approach to addressing the epidemic. The epidemic is conceptualized from a population health perspective-an upstream and midstream perspective focusing on prevention and a downstream perspective targeting access to evidence-based interventions and maximizing health whether using or abstaining. Read More

Crit Care Med 2019 Mar;47(3):331-336

University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, CO.

Objectives: Over-utilization of tests, treatments, and procedures is common for hospitalized patients in ICU settings. American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation's Choosing Wisely campaign tasked professional societies to identify sources of overuse in specialty care practice. The purpose of this study was to assess how critical care clinicians were implementing the Critical Care Societies Collaborative Choosing Wisely recommendations in clinical practice. Read More

Fam Community Health 2019 Apr/Jun;42(2):133-139

Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Dr Burton); Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Dr Burton); Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida (Dr Wilder); Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health (Drs Beech and Bruce) and Myrlie Evers-Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities (Drs Beech and Bruce), The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; and Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Bruce).

Caregiver feeding practices have been linked to youth health outcomes. The present study examined associations among caregiver feeding practices and blood pressure in 212 African American adolescents via the Child Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Results revealed a positive association between caregivers' concern about their child's weight and diastolic blood pressure, which was more acute for older adolescent boys. Read More