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Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 31. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

This study examined whether Aedes aegypti extends its human blood seeking activity into night hours. Human landing catches (HLC) were conducted hourly from early morning (04:30) to late evening (21:30) in urban and rural sites in Kisumu County in western Kenya, and in Kwale County at the coast. Out of 842 female Ae. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 31. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana Punjab.

Phaeohyphomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis presenting as verrucous or ulcerated plaques/nodules/cysts. We report here, a case of cystic plantar phaeohyphomycosis in a 72-year-old immunocompetent man. On examination, an asymptomatic, skin colored, firm-to-soft, fluctuant, cystic lesion was seen over the left forefoot. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 31. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Radiology, Mardin State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey.

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 31. Epub 2022 May 31.

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.

This study characterized COVID-19 transmission in Ghana in 2020 and 2021 by estimating the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) and exploring its association with various public health interventions at the national and regional levels. Ghana experienced four pandemic waves, with epidemic peaks in July 2020 and January, August, and December 2021. The epidemic peak was the highest nationwide in December 2021 with Rt ≥ 2. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, National and Regional Planning Bureau, Thailand.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of ethnicity and other demographic and social factors on urban slum dwellers' threat appraisal, awareness, and protective practices against COVID-19. It was conducted via 20 semi-structured interviews and 453 questionnaires for different ethnic groups from Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia in the slum communities of Khlong Toei, Bangkok-the largest slum in Thailand. A phenomenological approach was used to analyze the semi-structured interviews to understand dwellers' lived experiences and behaviors regarding COVID-19. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC) is principally based on neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography), instrumentation that is scarcely available in the rural regions where Taenia solium transmission, primarily occurs due to poor sanitation conditions. Immunological assays for antigen or antibody detection complement the neuroimaging approach. However, no field-applicable assays to diagnose viable NCC or to guide the referral of cases for neuroimaging or for appropriate management are available. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary diversity and child growth among children 6 to 23 months of age in urban slums of Bangladesh. This prospective cohort study enrolled 192 participants 6 to 23 months of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 170 children with follow-up anthropometric data were included in the analysis. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Dow University of Health Sciences-Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.

The study was conducted to determine bacterial contamination of stethoscopes used by doctors before and after disinfecting with isopropyl alcohol and analyze their practices of disinfecting stethoscopes. Samples from stethoscopes were taken before and after disinfecting with 70% isopropyl alcohol swab with the help of a sterile swab. All swabs were inoculated on Blood and MacConkey agar plates and were examined for growth. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia.

Nasarawa and Plateau states of north-central Nigeria have implemented programs to control schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in children since the 1990s. Statewide mapping surveys were conducted in 2013, when 11,332 school-aged children were sampled from 226 schools. The local government areas (LGAs) then received varying combinations of mass drug administration (MDA) for the next 5 years. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions provide dignity and prevent disease transmission. Sanitary facility provision (e.g. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR EGCE, Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

The genome size of five Rhodnius species (R. milesi, R. nasutus, R. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are highly prevalent in many developing countries, affecting the poorest and most deprived communities. We conducted school-based surveys among children studying in first to fifth standard in government schools in the Indian States of Chhattisgarh, Telangana, and Tripura to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH infections during November 2015 and January 2016. We adopted a two-stage cluster sampling design, with a random selection of districts within each agro-climatic zone in the first stage. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI, and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda.

The second conference of the Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network (NBGN21) was held from October 11 to October 13, 2021. The event was organized by the Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network. A 1-day genomic analysis workshop on genome-wide association study and polygenic risk score analysis was organized as part of the conference. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

We report the case of an 83-year-old woman with acute, febrile respiratory failure resulting from interstitial pneumonia that required high-flow oxygen therapy. This clinical picture, associated with the ongoing epidemiological situation, initially guided us toward a diagnosis of COVID-19. Based on SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction negativity and the absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, a search for a differential diagnosis was conducted that led us to conclude a diagnosis of severe pulmonary leptospirosis This case highlights the need to engage in early discussions about differential diagnoses, including neglected tropical and subtropical diseases, during the COVID-19 era. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

We report a case of leptospirosis in Tokyo in winter due to a rat bite, an uncommon cause of Leptospira infection. In Japan, many cases due to exposure to fresh water have been reported from domestic southwest islands in summer. However, a previous report on leptospirosis in Tokyo documented several cases occurring in winter. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Antioquia School of Medicine, Medellín, Colombia.

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing-African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Uptake of a vaccine is complete if individuals are aware of the associated risks of the vaccine, accept the vaccine, and respond positively to the nudges (activation) to increase the uptake, and respond when the vaccine is made accessible and affordable. We mapped systematically the existing literature concerning the 5As-acceptability, accessibility, affordability, awareness, and activation-of COVID-19 vaccination among adults and, specifically, older adults (55 years and older) in Africa. We searched multiple databases from 2020 to December 2021. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota.

Clinicians in the United States are trained to screen for cancer based on patient age, gender, family history, and environmental risk factors such as smoking. These cancers generally include, breast, cervical, colon, lung, and prostate cancers. We know that refugees and other immigrants to the United States experience dramatic disparities in cancer screening. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is rare, and focal myoclonus as a presenting feature poses a diagnostic dilemma. We report an adult SSPE patient with unusual clinical and radiological features. A 20-year-old girl had jerky neck movement 9 months earlier, which progressed to left hemimyoclonus in 2 months and generalized frequent myoclonus and fall at 4 months. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Disseminated Strongloides stercoralis is a common phenomenon among patients with immunosuppression. In this report, we present a case of disseminated Strongloides stercoralis presenting as a gastric mass in a 42-year-old male patient with a known history of HIV-1 infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The patient presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute on chronic erosive gastritis, which included persistent vomiting. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Pathkind Laboratories, Agra, India.

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Reports of increasing false-negative HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test results across Africa require constant monitoring of factors associated with these false-negative outcomes, as failure of this diagnostic tool will have severe consequences on malaria treatment and control programs. This study characterized the extent of genetic diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pfhrp2) gene in P. falciparum isolates from symptomatic malaria patients across the regions of Ghana. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Given the importance of human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and the potential risks to the fetus, this study was designed to determine the prevalence, genotypic pattern, and risk factors of parvovirus B19 infection among a population-based sample of pregnant women in Bushehr Province, southern Iran. A total of 824 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were screened for the detection of anti-parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG by ELISA. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

The most common causes of eosinophilia globally are helminth parasites. Refugees from high endemic areas are at increased risk of infection compared with the general U.S. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Centro de Salud Global, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Herédia, Lima, Peru.

Perilesional edema, associated or not with neurological manifestations, is a well-characterized finding in cases of calcified neurocysticercosis. There are no previous reports of HIV-related calcified toxoplasmosis that mimics this presentation of neurocysticercosis. We report on five patients, four of them with new-onset neurological manifestations, who showed brain calcifications associated with perilesional edema. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Apr 25. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

PMI Measure Malaria Project, ICF.