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Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 May 19. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Psychology.

Black individuals face psychological distress resulting from lifetime experiences of racial discrimination, and these experiences may be especially harmful to Black college students as they forge their social identities. One way to examine psychological distress induced by racial discrimination is by assessing affect reactivity, or the degree to which aspects of individuals' mood changes in response to a stressor. This quantitative investigation examines the association between lifetime racial discrimination frequency and stress responses to acute racial discrimination via two aspects of affect reactivity, valence and arousal, and if coping strategies moderate this association. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

Faculty of Educational Sciences.

Access to high-quality curriculum and instruction is essential for all youth incarcerated in juvenile corrections facilities. In a landmark 2014 collaboration between the U.S. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology.

Black sexual minority women (SMW), the largest racial group among the sexual minority community, often report high psychological distress and decreased psychological health and social well-being. Strong, positive, social relationships positive within group identities, and support networks are a key component in coping with minority stressors and promoting overall well-being. This study explored the association between minority stressors, social support, and Black SMW's social well-being and psychological distress. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 Apr 28. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

School of Social Work.

The COVID-19 pandemic radically altered social service provision with significant public health implications as social services often target society's most vulnerable with preventative health services addressing social determinants of health. Social service providers serve as crucial linkages to services for low-income Latinx immigrants who face substantial barriers to health and social care. However, little is known regarding how social service providers working with Latinx immigrants navigated service delivery and the rapid transition to telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 Apr 21. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

School of Social Work and Social Welfare.

Empirical evidence on life satisfaction of care leavers is scant and often based on small and nonrepresentative samples. Based on the life course perspective, this study explored the role of objective and subjective factors in explaining life satisfaction among care leavers, both general and domain-specific (work-financial-housing, social relationships-emotional state). The sample was randomly drawn from the whole population of eight graduating birth cohorts of alumni of educational residential care in Israel and consists of 2, 295 alumni (24-31 years old). Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 Apr 21. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

School of Pharmacy.

Many youth in foster care are diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), a diagnosis indicative of aggression and behavior problems. These youth, who are at high risk for being placed in psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTF), are commonly prescribed antipsychotic (AP) medications off-label. However, treating children in the community is an important goal, and although AP medications can have severe side effects, these prescriptions may help to achieve this goal. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 Apr 7. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

PATHS Lab.

North American Indigenous (NAI) youth suffers disproportionately from consequences associated with alcohol use. Previous research has found that positive alcohol expectancies are robustly related to alcohol consumption among NAI youth and that changes in alcohol consumption are associated with concurrent changes in happiness. However, no work to date has examined the relation between happiness and alcohol expectancies, or the influence of happiness on the association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 7;92(3):364-370. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice.

Applying a human rights lens to mental health and well-being will improve the systems that govern and operate U.S. society. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 Apr 4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

College of Community and Public Affairs.

Many youth who are incarcerated have serious behavioral problems that negatively affect their ability to benefit from educational services. In the - published at the end of 2014, the U.S. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 17;92(3):371-388. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences.

Compelling evidence proved that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disproportionately affects minorities. The goal of the present study was to explore the effects of intersected discrimination and discrimination types on COVID-19, mental health, and cognition. A sample of 542 Iraqis, 55. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 10;92(3):349-363. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Department of Psychology.

The objectives of this systematic review were to synthesize available information on social support and social networks among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness, examine the measurement of social support, the impact of social support on outcomes, and the impact of interventions on social support. The authors searched Academic Search Complete, PsycArticles, Pubmed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Cinahl, and ProQuest for English-language empirical articles published between 1998 and 2019. Studies were included if they sampled single and unaccompanied adults experiencing chronic homelessness and examined the impact of social support and/or social networks. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 ;92(2):224-235

Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health.

Constitutional mandates require access to medical testing and treatment in correctional settings, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care services. These same mandates do not apply to youth supervised in the community, who represent the majority of justice-involved youth. Waiting until youth are in detention settings to provide access to SRH services misses an opportunity to improve health outcomes for youth who have earlier points of contact with the system. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 24;92(3):310-321. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work.

Psychotherapy research has shown evidence of positive impacts of broaching cultural differences on the therapy process and outcomes. This increasing body of research also highlights a need to clarify clinical skills of broaching and subsequent bridging to guide therapists in cross-cultural psychotherapy. In articulating microskills to promote broaching and bridging, we critically reflect on cautions against slipping into a technocratic approach that is a mechanical prescriptive skill-based guideline. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 24;92(3):268-279. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

School of Social Policy and Practice.

Major depressive episode (MDE) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) often co-occur and the presence of one doubles the risk for the other, which brings disabling social and health consequences. Increasing evidence supports integrated treatment of co-occurring MDE and AUD, including combined medications for both conditions as well as behavioral therapies. While young adults suffer disproportionately from these co-occurring conditions, little is known about their treatment utilization. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 24;92(3):334-348. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Field Center for Children's Policy, Practice, and Research.

As a marginalized, underresourced population, older youth with foster care experience are acutely vulnerable to the economic and social harms wrought by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study summarizes findings from an online survey deployed in April 2020 to learn about the experiences of current and former foster youth (ages 18-23) during 1 month of the COVID-19 crisis. Using snowball sampling and a cross-sectional design, the survey yielded a final analysis sample of 281 respondents from 32 states and 192 cities or districts. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 24;92(3):322-333. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work.

Epistemic and social injustice occurs when therapists implicitly and explicitly impose personal, professional, and institutional power onto clients, and dismiss client experience which is embedded in cultural identity and social location. Despite research evidence highlighting the positive impact of broaching in cross-cultural psychotherapy, questioning the rationale and barriers to broaching is paramount. Drawing from scholarship on epistemic in/justice, we argue that the very existence of marginalization of a client in the life and in the therapy exemplifies epistemic injustice. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 14;92(3):257-267. Epub 2022 Feb 14.

Psychology Department.

Previous research suggests that out-of-home placement experiences increase the risk for mental health problems and criminal involvement. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms whereby out-of-home placement increases the risk for these outcomes. The present study examines whether sleep problems in part explain the relationship between childhood placement experiences and depression and anxiety and criminal arrests in adulthood. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 Feb 7. Epub 2022 Feb 7.

College of Education.

In 2014, the U.S. Departments of Education and Justice (U. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 3;92(3):280-290. Epub 2022 Feb 3.

Department of Psychiatry.

Generativity refers to the contributions that people make toward the betterment of others, communities, and future generations. Engaging in generativity may add purpose and meaning to one's life, elements which people with mental illness often feel is relevant for their recovery. Despite its importance, what is known about how people with mental health problems engage in generativity, and the relationship between generativity and recovery is unclear. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 31;92(3):291-301. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Department of Human Sciences and Education "R. Massa".

The present work sought to examine the relationship between stress of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disease, psychological trauma, and burnout, and whether subjective well-being (SWB), sense of coherence (SOC), and posttraumatic growth (PTG) mediated the relationship between the three constructs in a group of professional healthcare workers engaged on the frontline during the outbreak in Palestine. Results indicated that SWB, SOC, and PTG mediated the association between the stress of COVID, symptoms of trauma, and burnout. The psychological burdens of the ongoing military occupation have been exacerbated by the COVID outbreak, exposing health workers to additional stressors during their work and everyday life. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 27;92(2):236-245. Epub 2022 Jan 27.

Department of Psychology.

Soon after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States entered World War II, more than 110,000 Japanese Americans (two-thirds U.S. citizens) were rounded up and ordered into desolate incarceration (internment) camps based only on their ethnic heritage. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 13;92(2):190-202. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

School of Social Work and Social Welfare.

Based on intersectionality theory, the present study examined the contribution of direct, indirect, and interactive effects of individual, family, peer, and contextual factors on violence against others among female Arab teenagers. The study is based on a sample of 193 at-risk teenagers aged 12-21 ( = 16.5), who completed questionnaires in their out-of-home care settings. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 13;92(2):217-223. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

The accurate identification of persons at risk of exiting permanent supportive housing could help maximize client success and minimize attrition and premature exits from such housing. Thus, in the present study, we developed and tested multivariable prediction models of negative and positive exits from the U.S. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 13;92(2):203-216. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare.

Previous research has shown that social climate (SC) is important for the daily life of youths living in therapeutic residential youth care (TRC). However, little is known on how SC can promote a positive quality of life (QoL) for the heterogeneous TRC population. This study, therefore, investigates how TRC and youth characteristics are associated with SC and QoL. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 30;92(2):176-189. Epub 2021 Dec 30.

Center for Early Childhood Health and Development.

Many children in immigrant households endure unique stressors shaped by national, state, and local immigration policies and enforcement activity in the United States. Qualitative studies find that during times of heightened immigration enforcement, children as young as 3 years of age show signs of behavioral distress related to national anti-immigrant sentiment and the possibility of losing a parent. Using multiple sources of data from 168 racially and ethnically diverse families of children in pre-Kindergarten, the present study examined variability in perceived levels of immigration enforcement threat by parental immigrant status and ethnicity. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 23;92(2):159-167. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

Department of Clinical Psychology.

Women constitute a particularly vulnerable subgroup of people living homeless, with their own set of circumstances and life histories that are different from men in the same situation. In this paper, we present the results of a longitudinal study on the situation, needs, characteristics, and process of change among women in a homeless situation in Madrid (Spain). This study involved 136 homeless women who were spending the night at shelters, drop-in centers, on the street, or in public spaces. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 23;92(2):168-175. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

Bob Shapell School of Social Work.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a collateral effect on marginalized populations, including individuals in the sex trade (IST). In addition, the literature of the past year has documented a significant impact of the pandemic on healthcare providers. However, there is a lack of research on the new challenges and existing hardships facing aid organizations working with IST populations. Read More

Am J Orthopsychiatry 2022 23;92(2):154-158. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

Kent School of Social Work.

Historically, the global mental health system has pathologized transgender and gender diverse (TGD) identities, imposing spurious diagnoses and nocuous "cures." Recently, the World Health Organization declassified "transgender" as a mental health disorder, and psychological organizations have acknowledged the harmful practice of conversion therapy and other culturally inept interventions. Some practitioners have begun to advertise their therapeutic services as "trans-affirming" or "trans-competent," but to date, there are no published studies delineating their efficacy. Read More