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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):604-605

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):600-603

Chair, Division of Orthodontics, and Program Director, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NYU Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, NY.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):592-599

Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. Electronic address:

Introduction: In the literature, there is little information available on 3D-printed orthodontic retainers. This study examined the accuracy of 3D-printed retainers compared with conventional vacuum-formed and commercially available vacuum-formed retainers.

Methods: Three reference models (models 1, 2, and 3) were used to fabricate traditional vacuum-formed, commercially available vacuum-formed, and 3D-printed retainers. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):584-591

Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Surgical interventions on the alveolar ridges aimed at facilitating orthodontic tooth movement have been extensively reported. However, unexpected events or complications still occur in daily practice. The purpose of this report was to present a novel 3-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted piezocision guide (CAPG) designed to be translucent for increased visibility, rigid for enhanced support during guidance, and porous for profuse irrigation during procedure. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):572-583

Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

This article reports the camouflage treatment of a female patient, aged 15 years 2 months, who had a Class II Division 1 malocclusion with severe anterior protrusion and deep incisor overbite. The camouflage treatment plan included bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars combined with the use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and tension coil springs to retract canines into the extraction spaces and then the 4 incisors. The treatment included use of a mandibular fixed labial arch with minimal use of Class II elastics to correct mild mandibular spacing and level the curve of Spee. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):560-571

Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala. Electronic address:

Introduction: We report the successful treatment of a 38-year-old woman with bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption and anterior open bite. She had incompetent lips, a gummy smile, increased lower facial height, high mandibular plane angle, skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion with mild mandibular crowding, increased overjet, and mandibular midline deviation to the right.

Methods: The treatment plan included: (1) presurgical alignment and leveling of the teeth in both arches; (2) jaw motion tracking (JMT) to detect mandibular movement; (3) 3-piece maxillary osteotomies with mandibular reconstruction and bilateral coronoidectomies; and (4) postsurgical correction of the malocclusion. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):552-559

Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Introduction: In society, dental professionals, including orthodontists, are often viewed as being solely motivated by money. Nevertheless, numerous orthodontists volunteer for community initiatives where they provide free or heavily subsidized treatment for underserved populations. This study explores the motivations of a group of New Zealand orthodontists who volunteered for one of these initiatives, Wish For A Smile (WFAS), as well as the high and low points of this work. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):543-551

Department of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Introduction: To evaluate the stress at the apical third of the pulp and neurovascular bundle (NVB) during 5 types of orthodontic movement at different levels of bone loss. Furthermore, correlations among bone loss, orthodontic appliances, and stress increase were assessed.

Methods: Based on cone-beam computed tomography datasets, 10 models of the mandibular second premolar were created. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):529-542

School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical variables and polymorphisms in the RANKL, RANK, and OPG genes with external apical root resorption (EARR).

Methods: The sample was composed of 338 unrelated patients of both sexes, average age 14.9 years (range 8-21) with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, orthodontically treated. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):523-528

Department of Orthodontics, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Electronic address:

Objective: To compare the clinical bracket failure rate and bonding time differences between Adhesive Precoated Flash-Free (APCF) and Adhesive Precoated Plus (APCP) bracket systems.

Methods: Thirty-three patients (7 male and 26 female) with a mean age of 17.2 ± 3. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):509-522

Department of Orthodontics, Gülhane Faculty of Dentistry, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: Our aim was to describe hard- and soft-tissue asymmetry in people who have a skeletal Class III malocclusion, and to compare with those without asymmetry. We also performed a regional analysis of a possible correlation between facial soft- and hard-tissue asymmetries.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed with the use of the computed tomographic scans of 60 subjects. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):498-508

Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address:

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an extensive public health problem that imposes considerable morbidity. Mandibular advancement splint (MAS) therapy is a well tolerated treatment, but success rates are difficult to predict. Our objective was to investigate the relationship of oropharyngeal airway dimensions, sleep characteristics, patient biometrics, and treatment response within an OSA patient sample. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):490-497

Department of Collective Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment has a significant impact on the quality of life and self-esteem of adolescents, with emotional and behavioral implications. The objective of this research was to understand Brazilian adolescents' perception of the orthodontic treatment.

Methods: A qualitative research study was carried out through content analysis of data collected from 142 adolescents using the word-association technique (WAT), followed by 8 focus groups with 71 of these students. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):482-489.e2

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives: To evaluate the changes of psychologic parameters, such as self-esteem, sensitivity to criticism, and social appearance anxiety, in skeletal Class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and to compare the psychologic status of skeletal Class III patients with control subjects.

Methods: The first group consisted of 60 patients with a mean age of 22.07 ± 1. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):473-481

Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address:

Introduction: The objective was to study the growth spurt of Class I subjects, focusing on the ability to predict the peak of the growth spurt of the maxillary (Co-A) and mandibular (Co-Pog) lengths from the maturational changes of the cervical vertebrae.

Methods: The longitudinal lateral cephalographs of 14 males (ages, 10-15 years) and 12 females (ages, 9-14 years) were selected from the Craniofacial Growth Studies Legacy Collection of the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation. The cephalographs were taken at regular 1-year intervals. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):462-472

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.

Introduction: The objective of this 2-arm parallel trial was to determine the plaque removal efficacy (main outcome) and the motivation assessment (secondary outcome) comparing a manual versus an interactive power toothbrush in orthodontic patients.

Methods: Sixty adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances in both arches were randomized in a 1:1 ratio in this parallel, randomized, examiner-blind controlled clinical trial. Eligibility criteria included at least 16 natural teeth, 1-6 "focus care areas," plaque score of ≥1. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):461

Philadelphia, Pa.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):458

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):458

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):457

Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):457-458

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):456-457

Catania, Italy.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):455-456

Kirikkale and Ankara, Turkey.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Apr;155(4):455

Curitiba, Brazil.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):445-447

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):443-444

Chair, Division of Orthodontics, and Program Director, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NYU Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, NY.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):432-442

Orthodontics Department, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC. Electronic address:

Introduction: Orthodontics is evolving with advances in 3D imaging, additive fabrication, digital scanning, and treatment planning. With digital tools, orthodontic treatment may become more predictable, efficient, and effective while reducing side-effects. These technologies are affecting patient care, but knowledge of their adoption patterns and influence is incomplete. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):421-431

Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn. Electronic address:

Short root anomaly (SRA) is a rare familial dental condition that is often misdiagnosed. Orthodontic treatment of patients with SRA is challenging because it is difficult to diagnose, it may be accompanied by other dental anomalies, and it has been reported to contribute to additional susceptibility to root resorption during orthodontic treatment. In this article, we describe a methodical and evidence-based means of diagnosing and orthodontically managing a patient with SRA. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):411-420

Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Patients with Class II malocclusion and severe overjet are often dissatisfied with their facial disharmony. Although temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) are now widely used in orthodontic treatment, traditional anchorage devices should not be overlooked as a treatment option. Proper design of traditional anchorage can achieve 3-dimensional control of incisors and molars as efficiently as TSADs in some patients with severe malocclusion. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):398-410

School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

This case report describes the induced ankylosis of the primary canines for use as absolute anchorage for maxillary protraction. The patient was a young boy with Class III malocclusion and cleft soft palate. The final occlusion was esthetic, functional, healthy, and stable 4 years after treatment. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):388-397

Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Introduction: The aim of this finite element study was to analyze and clarify the mechanics of tooth movement patterns for total distalization of the mandibular dentition based on force angulation.

Methods: Long-term orthodontic movement of the mandibular dentition was simulated by accumulating the initial displacement of teeth produced by elastic deformation of the periodontal ligament.

Results: Displacement of each tooth was caused by movement of the whole dentition, elastic deflection of the archwire, and clearance gap between the archwire and bracket slot. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):380-387

Department of Orthodontics, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Örebro, Sweden. Electronic address:

Objectives: The early interceptive treatment of palatally displaced canines (PDCs) has for decades been based on their position in panoramic radiographs. In the 1990s, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) started to become popular in cases with PDCs. The aims of this prospective study were to evaluate the agreement of PDC sector position and angle to midline between panoramic radiographs and CBCT scans. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):372-379

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between incisor irregularity and anterior coronal caries by means of an arch-specific analysis among the U.S. population in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):362-371

Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.

Introduction: This study evaluated the influence of Class II treatment protocols in profile attractiveness.

Methods: Sixty-eight patients with initial full Class II Division 1 malocclusion, orthodontically treated an average of 15 years before, and matched by sex, age, time after treatment, orthodontic outcomes, and overjet, were compared. Three groups were formed, according to the treatment protocol: NE, nonextraction (n = 20; mean age 29. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):355-361

Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between normative orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) at an item level as well as subscale and total score levels among schoolchildren.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,010 randomly selected children aged approximately 8, 10, 12, and 15 years residing in the Gyeonggi province, Korea. Children were clinically examined with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):347-354

Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: This study quantitatively assessed movement of anchor teeth connected to a miniscrew (indirect anchor tooth) and investigated factors affecting movement during adjunctive orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Dental plaster models of 28 patients whose treatment included an indirect anchor tooth on one side were collected before and after treatment. The casts were digitally scanned, and 2 groups were constituted: the indirect anchor teeth (experimental group; n = 52) and the untreated teeth (control group; the first and second premolars opposing the indirect anchor tooth to which no orthodontic force was applied; n = 55). Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):339-346

Department of Orthodontics, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to compare the size and morphologic symmetry of the maxillary teeth in subjects with and without unilateral palatally displaced canines (PDCs).

Methods: Plaster casts of 38 subjects (mean age 14.75 ± 0. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):330-338

Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone depth, cortical bone thickness, and vestibulolingual bone dimension of the mandibular retromolar trigone and anterior ramus region to evaluate what are its most suitable sites for miniscrew insertion in adults.

Methods: The sample included cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) records of 60 adult subjects retrospectively evaluated. All CBCT examinations were performed with the use of an i-CAT CBCT scanner (Imaging Sciences International). Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):313-329

College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.

Introduction: This systematic review assesses the literature regarding the association between orthodontic tooth movement and external root resorption. By determining the evidence level supporting the association, the results could provide clinical evidence for minimizing the deleterious effect of orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and LILACS, were searched up to February 2018, with hand searching of selected orthodontic journals undertaken to identify any preelectronic publications. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):311-312

Philadelphia, Pa.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):307-308

Iksan and Seoul, Korea, and Mesa, Ariz.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):306-307

Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):305-306

Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece, and Bern, Switzerland.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Mar;155(3):305

Juiz de Fora, Brazil.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Feb;155(2):299-301

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Feb;155(2):296-298

Chair, Division of Orthodontics, and Program Director, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NYU Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, NY.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Feb;155(2):288-295

Department of Orthodontics, Universidad Tecnológica de México, Mexico City, Mexico.

Introduction: Digital setups are reliable and show numerous benefits to the orthodontic practice. Fused deposition modeling can build physical replicas of these setup models. The purpose of this study was to compare 3-dimensional printed and conventional setups. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Feb;155(2):276-287

Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orofacial Science, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.

Congenital absence of permanent teeth can be treated by means of dental implants and prosthetics. Tooth autotransplantation is an alternative in growing patients because continued eruption of the transplanted tooth and associated alveolar bone growth can be expected. This clinical report presents tooth autotransplantation in a 10-year-old boy with chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis, diagnosed by the department of otorhinolaryngology. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Feb;155(2):264-275

Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address:

To improve the facial profile of a Class II patient with chin deficiency, orthodontists have traditionally used incisor retraction or jaw surgery. Recently, a new technique was introduced that uses orthodontic mini-implants to intrude the incisors and rotate the mandibular plane counterclockwise. In patients with deep bite, heavy anterior occlusal contact can make it difficult to use intrusion for profile improvement. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019 Feb;155(2):254-263

Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Electronic address:

Introduction: Nonhuman animal models have been used extensively to study orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, rodent models have disadvantages, including a reported reduction in bone volume during OTM. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of a skeletal anchorage and the effect of low force (∼3 cN) on interradicular bone volume during OTM. Read More