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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):856-859.e2

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun 11;157(6):852-855. Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Chair, Division of Orthodontics, and Program Director, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NYU Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, NY.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):843-851

Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformities, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea; BK PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: The registration of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and digital dental models is required for the design and manufacturing of dental devices such as implant guides and surgical wafers. This study aims to register intraoral scan (IS) models and cast scan (CS) models onto CBCT images using 3-dimensional (3D) planning software and evaluate the registration accuracy according to scanning methods and 3D planning software.

Methods: The CBCT image of an artificial skull model with reference markers was taken. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):832-842

Private Practice, Golden Valley, Minn; Division of Orthodontics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Electronic address:

Maxillary LeFort impaction surgery can lead to improvements in facial proportions, smile esthetics, and improved function for patients with long lower facial height and anterior open bite. Sometimes, because of patient wishes, corrective jaw surgery might not be the most appropriate choice for treatment. This report describes the orthodontic retreatment of a 25-year-old woman with a history of 2 orthodontic treatments and 1 corrective jaw surgery, each with anterior open bite relapse. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):818-831

Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Ariz; Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul and Seoul, Korea.

When performing single-jaw surgery for mandibular setback, the distal segment of the mandible is brought distally along the occlusal plane, leaving the relationship of the B-point and pogonion unchanged. Double-jaw surgery for rotation of the maxillomandibular complex can be considered for solving this problem. However, maxillary surgery for rotational setback of the mandible can be replaced with orthodontic intrusion of the maxillary molars. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):809-817

Department of Orthodontics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.

Introduction: This study aimed to explore current orthodontic residents' demographics, their opinions on their residency and plans for the future and highlight secular changes since past surveys.

Methods: An anonymous 39-item institutional review board-approved survey was implemented at the 2018 Graduate Orthodontic Resident Program using an online survey tool and portable devices. Questions fit 3 categories: program, future goals, and demographics. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):803-808

Department of Orthodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, Mich.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to calculate heritability estimates of alveolar bone thickness around maxillary and mandibular incisors.

Methods: The sample consisted of cone-beam computed tomography scans of 69 groups of siblings. The scans were analyzed, and Invivo5 software was used to measure the labial and lingual bone thickness. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):792-802

Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Introduction: When tooth roots protrude into the maxillary sinus, apical root resorption and tipping may occur during horizontal tooth movement across the sinus floor. Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images may provide detailed information without distortion and overlap. We evaluated the relationships between the maxillary tooth root apices and the maxillary sinus floor using CBCT. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):783-791

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:

Introduction: Rapid palatal expansion is an effective intervention for correcting transverse maxillary deficiency in growing patients. However, relapse after treatment is often observed, and the mechanisms of tissue remodeling during expansion and relapse remain unclear. This study aimed to gain insight into such a mechanism. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):773-782

Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address:

Introduction: Patients seeking orthodontic treatment often have esthetic concerns (ie, they want a better smile). Patients with increased vertical facial dimensions have different smile traits than other patients. This study aimed to compare the smile characteristics of subjects with different vertical facial dimensions and to use stereophotogrammetry to evaluate the changes in facial animation upon smiling. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):764-772.e4

The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

Introduction: Many studies have investigated the impact of orthodontic treatment need (OTN) on children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). However, few studies have explored the impact of deviant occlusal traits on OHRQOL regarding the severity of OTN. This cross-sectional study aims to address this gap in the literature. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):754-763

School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.

Introduction: Little is known about the influence of biological characteristics on the occurrence of malocclusion. This study aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and primary-dentition malocclusion and how breastfeeding and the use of pacifiers are related to this association.

Methods: A representative sample (n = 1129) of children from the 2004 Pelotas, Brazil birth cohort study underwent a dental examination at age 5 years. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):745-753

Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. Electronic address:

Introduction: The mechanical properties of Invisalign material have rarely been explored because of the inaccessibility of the patent-protected raw material. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the Invisalign thermoformed aligner material before and after clinical application, including mechanical properties, surface morphology, internal structure, and chemical composition changes.

Methods: Twenty sets of "as-received" (0-week) and retrieved (2-week; worn for 2 weeks, 20 ± 2 hours per day) Invisalign aligners were randomly collected from 4 different patients. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):738-744.e10

Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Public Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Introduction: Currently, there is limited evidence on the effects of malocclusion on oral health and whether the correction of malocclusion results in an improvement in oral health. In this review, we examined the evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies to provide information on any association between malocclusion and oral health and the effects of orthodontic treatment.

Methods: We conducted this review in 2 parts: (1) we looked at the impact of malocclusion on oral health, and (2) we reviewed the evidence on the effect of orthodontic treatment on oral health. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):737

Philadelphia, Pa.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):735-736

Lima, Perú, and Bogotá, Colombia, and Port Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):735

Chennai, India.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):734-735

Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, and Ann Arbor, Mich.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):734

Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):733-734

Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, and Ann Arbor, Mich.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 Jun;157(6):733

Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Orthodontics, Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Introduction: In Australia and Sweden, orthodontic treatments may be performed by either a general dental practitioner (GDP) or a specialist orthodontist. Evidence suggests that the public may easily confuse a GDP who provides orthodontic treatment with a specialist orthodontist. We conducted a survey of people in Australia and Sweden to assess their understanding of the differences between a specialist orthodontist and a GDP who provides orthodontic treatments. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Private Practice, Vancouver and Delta, British Columbia, Canada.

Introduction: One factor that can affect treatment outcomes is the treatment provider, and this factor has not been extensively studied. This research aimed to evaluate orthodontic treatment quality, length, and efficiency when 2 orthodontists collaborated on treatment, compared with the treatment provided solely by either orthodontist.

Methods: A total of 150 consecutively treated subjects were divided into 3 equal groups based on the treating clinician. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fractal analysis of hand-wrist radiography in the decision of conventional or surgery-assisted rapid palatal expansion (RPE).

Methods: The study included 48 patients who underwent the RPE procedure. Study groups were as follows: group 1 (successful conventional RPE [n = 24, 5 male and 19 female patients; mean age ± standard deviation, 15. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the morphologic and positional features of the mandible in children, adolescents, and adults with skeletal Class I and unilateral posterior crossbite.

Methods: The sample included cone-beam computerized tomography images of 76 subjects, divided in 3 groups: (1) children (aged 6.77 ± 1. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 4. Epub 2020 May 4.

Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Fla.

Introduction: Congenital defects of the posterior arch of atlas are uncommon anomalies that may go unnoticed. Radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography scans made for orthodontic purposes often show the atlas; therefore, these rare defects might first be noted as incidental findings on orthodontic records.

Methods: A series of 7 cases of posterior arch defects of atlas (C1) that were detected during routine radiographic examination are presented here. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Athens, Greece.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerai, Brazil, Florence, Italy, and Ann Arbor, Mich.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a publicly available facial recognition application program interface to calculate similarity scores for presurgical and postsurgical photographs of patients who underwent orthognathic surgeries. Our primary objective was to identify which surgical procedure(s) had the greatest effect(s) on the similarity score.

Methods: Existing photographs for 25 orthodontic-orthognathic patients were analyzed using the application program interface to calculate similarity scores between the presurgical and postsurgical photographs. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 13. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address:

Introduction: Dental caries is an undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Caries lesions can result in long-term esthetic disturbance, costly interventions, and even interrupted treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to assess accurately both a patient's caries risk before treatment and their suitability for orthodontic treatment. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Athens and Volos, Greece, and Zurich, Switzerland.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Chengdu, China.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Strasbourg, France.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

Bhubaneswar, India.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Aarhus, Denmark.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.

Introduction: It is considered normal for facial structures to exhibit mild asymmetry between left and right sides. An automated, landmark-independent method was developed to accurately assess and quantify facial asymmetry in 3 planes of space and describe a midline deviation of each subject and ultimately establish thresholds of significance.

Methods: The subjects were 279 healthy young Western Australian white adults (134 females and 145 males) with a mean age 22. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of botulinum toxin applied to the different muscles of patients who have excessive gingival display and to evaluate the return to baseline gingival exposure value.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients who had a gummy smile of more than 2 mm were randomly divided into 2 groups. Botulinum toxin was administered equally to the left and right of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle of group 1 and the orbicularis oris site of group 2. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 13. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is contagious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It emerged as a global pandemic early in 2020, affecting more than 2000 countries and territories. The infection is highly contagious with disease transmission reported from asymptomatic carriers, including children. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:

Introduction: Although functional appliances (FAs) are primarily used to treat Class II malocclusions, their effects on the upper airway have generally been reported in studies involving 2-dimensional analysis of cephalometric radiographs. This study aimed to use 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography to (1) determine the effects on upper airway volume and minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) when an FA is used for orthodontic treatment and (2) identify pretreatment markers for airway changes.

Methods: Pre- and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were selected from 73 children whose orthodontic treatment involved using a fixed FA (37 girls and 36 boys; mean age 12. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

Chair, Division of Orthodontics, and Program Director, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NYU Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, NY.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 4. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Oral Health Sciences Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Introduction: Lingual displacement of the maxillary anterior teeth is 1 of the most common forms of malocclusion. The labial alveolar bone is thinner for the maxillary lateral incisor than for the central incisor and canine; however, the alveolar bone width at the actual position of the maxillary lateral incisor has not been examined. We investigated the morphologic characteristics of the alveolar bone around palatally displaced maxillary lateral incisors using cone-beam computed tomography and a split-mouth model. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 4. Epub 2020 May 4.

Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address:

Introduction: Achieving a balanced, attractive smile is an important goal in contemporary orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the smile attractiveness of Persian women after orthodontic treatment.

Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, frontal-view photographs were taken of posed smiles of 100 Persian women 3 months after completion of their orthodontic treatment. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May 4. Epub 2020 May 4.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. Electronic address:

Introduction: Physiological root resorption is a common occurrence in mammalian teeth, which suggests that there must be a corollary consisting of physiological cementum repair. The mechanism(s) responsible for this physiological repair process is unknown and was the focus of this study.

Methods: Using a rat model, we explored first the prevalence of physiological root resorption and then asked whether this prevalence changed as a result of an osteoporotic phenotype. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May;157(5):728-729

Chair, Division of Orthodontics, and Program Director, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NYU Lutheran Department of Dental Medicine, Brooklyn, NY.

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May;157(5):719-727

Statistics Unit, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia.

Introduction: The objective of this research was to compare the predictive value of panoramic radiographs (PRs) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans for the estimation of root resorption, spontaneous eruption of a canine, and time for orthodontic traction.

Methods: CBCT scans and PR images of 88 patients (27 male and 61 female; aged between 11 and 44 years) with 106 palatally displaced maxillary canines were retrieved from a database. Predictive values of several radiographic parameters, including the 3-dimensional angle of the canine, were analyzed using the area under the curve and multiple regression analysis. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May;157(5):704-718

Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Ariz.

A 34-year-old woman with mandibular micrognathia, vertical maxillary excess, and an open bite characterized by a "bird-face" deformity was treated with orthodontics combined with LeFort I and bilateral inverted L osteotomies. The total treatment time was 16 months. Her occlusion and facial appearance were significantly improved by a surgical-orthodontic plan. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May;157(5):690-703

Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Dental health and patient satisfaction at the end of orthodontic treatment are needed if the treatment is to be considered successful. This case report highlights the importance of proper diagnosis for a patient initially treated with camouflage, despite the indications for surgery. A 16-year-old male patient sought treatment complaining about his appearance. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May;157(5):680-689

Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.

Introduction: Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop severe high-turnover osteoporosis with porous low-density trabecular bone from an age-related increase in osteoclast activity and are useful alveolar bone models of osteoporosis or frail periodontal tissue. Bisphosphonate (BP), a first-line drug for osteoporosis, is bone-avid, causing side effects such as brittle and fragile bones and jaw osteonecrosis after tooth extraction. In orthodontics, active movement is precisely controlled by temporarily suppressing and resuming movement. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020 May;157(5):668-679

Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: For patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP), secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) can be performed before or after the emergence of the cleft side permanent canine (pre-CE and post-CE, respectively). The controversy regarding dental outcomes related to the timing of SABG remains unsettled. The objective of this study was to evaluate dental survival and specific dental outcomes of cleft-adjacent teeth in children with CUCLP who received either pre-CE or post-CE SABG. Read More