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Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):165-168

Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Purpose: To clinically evaluate the clinical success of a primary zirconia molar crown, compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs).

Methods: This randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed as a split-mouth study. 50 subjects ranging in age from 3-7 years were recruited to provide a total of 50 paired teeth requiring primary molar crowns, each participant receiving a SSC and zirconia crown. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):161-164

The Procter & Gamble Company in Mason, Ohio, USA.

Purpose: To assess the hard tissue safety of a variety of low pH oral care rinses to dental enamel in a newly developed screening method.

Methods: Bovine enamel specimens were subjected to a cycling model that consisted of commercial mouthrinse product exposures and artificial saliva soaks based on a previously published screening method. The effect of test products on the surface of treated specimens was measured using surface microhardness (SMH). Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):157-160

Division of Cariology & Endodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Purpose: To compare the gloss retention of four resin based materials, two direct resin composites (Tetric EvoCeram and Filtek Supreme) and two indirect resin composite CAD-CAM blocks (Tetric CAD and Lava Ultimate).

Methods: 36 samples of 1 mm thickness were readied of each test material and manually polished with polishing discs (Sof-Lex) up to the finest grit size. Three gloss measurements per sample were taken (one every 120 degrees of sample rotation) by means of a glossmeter (Novo-Curve) for a total of 60 values obtained per tested material. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):151-156

Salus Research, Fort Wayne, IN, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the ToothWave radiofrequency (RF) toothbrush in the reduction of plaque, calculus and gingival inflammation, as compared to a standard powered toothbrush accepted by the American Dental Association (ADA).

Methods: This was a single-blind, double arm, prospective study. Subjects were randomized to one of two treatment groups, receiving either the RF powered toothbrush or a control powered toothbrush, and performing twice daily brushing for a test period of 6 weeks. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):145-150

Department of Operative Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Purpose: To compare the dentin bonded external marginal integrity and the internal surface indentation hardness of bulk-fill and conventional resin-based composite (RBC) placed in both bulk and increments.

Methods: 120 MO and DO cavities were prepared in 60 extracted human third molars. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth per group to be restored as follows: BB (bulk-fill RBC, placed in a 4 mm bulk increment), BL (bulk-fill RBC, placed in 2 mm incremental layers), CB (conventional RBC, placed in a 4 mm bulk increment), and CL (conventional RBC, placed in 2 mm incremental layers). Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):138-144

School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite ( nHAP) associated with photobiomodulation (PBM) in the control of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). (C-Shape It).

Methods: 32 subjects with 83 hypersensitive teeth were randomized into four groups (N =8) : GPlacebo - simulated PBM (without light emission) followed by the application of nHAP-free toothpaste; GLaser - PBM followed by the application of nHAP-free toothpaste; GnHAP - simulated PBM followed by the application of nHAP; GLasernHAP - PBM followed by the application of nHAP. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):135-137

Department of Head and Neck, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Gemelli Foundation for the University Policlinic, Rome, Italy.

Purpose: To review the literature on the presence of two clinical manifestations in patients presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia).

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020; also, the references of the selected articles were evaluated for methodological quality.

Results: Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia as symptoms in patients who were tested and resulted positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):129-134

Oral Medical Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China,

Results: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a primary challenging public health issue for not only China but also the world. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the pandemic of COVID-19 had become a public health emergency of global concern. As of May 12, 2020 COVID-19 has been reported in over 180 countries/regions, with a total of 4,178,156 confirmed cases and over 280,000 deaths. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Jun;33(3):115-128

Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,

Purpose: This review paper is intended to provide updated information about the significance of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) related to dental departments and also to provide treatment information. However, it does not review anti-resorptive related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ).

Methods: PubMED was searched for published articles on BRONJ that have particular relevance to clinical aspects in orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, implants and treatment planning. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):106-112

Bayer HealthCare LLC, Whippany, NJ, USA.

Purpose: Two studies evaluated the efficacy and safety of a single dose of naproxen sodium 440 mg (NS) compared to the combination of acetaminophen 600 mg and codeine phosphate 60 mg (AC) in subjects with postoperative dental pain.

Methods: The two studies were single center, randomized, double-blind and double-dummy trials. In both studies, subjects were randomized into one of the following three treatments in a 2:2:1 ratio, respectively: NS, AC, or placebo (PBO). Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):95-105

Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.

Purpose: To review the scientific evidence for the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF₂) dentifrice in relation to dental caries, dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity.

Methods: Medline OVID, Embase.com, and the Cochrane Library were searched until January 2018. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):89-94

Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil,

Purpose: This crossover study evaluated the hydrogen (HP) and carbamide (CP) peroxide degradation of bleaching gels in prefilled (PT) and customized trays (CT).

Methods: Volunteers were randomly allocated to treatments (n=10) : PT-HP/OGO (Opalescence GO-10%); CT-HP/WTC (White Class-10%) or CT-CP/OPF (Opalescence PF-10%). Gel samples were collected from the upper and lower trays in each period (baseline, 15, 30, 50 and 120 minutes). Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):83-88

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke (CS) on color, roughness and gloss of bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods: Resin discs (10 x 2 mm) were made for resin composites (n= 10) : Filtek Z250XT (control), Filtek One Bulk Fill (FOBF), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TBF) and Aura Bulk-Fill (ABF). The color ( ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE and ΔE00), roughness (Ra) and gloss analyses were performed at the baseline and after CS exposure (10 packs of cigarettes - Marlboro Red). Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):79-82

National University of Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay.

Purpose: To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of laser application with chemical treatment compared to chemical treatment alone.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT), single blind (evaluator), in 24 patients randomized into two groups: Laser and chemical intervention (12) or chemical intervention alone without laser (12). The commercial products used were Whiteness HP 35% hydrogen peroxide gel and the Whitening Laser II of DCM equipment. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):74-78

Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: To investigate the occlusal wear of bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites.

Methods: Four bulk-fill flowable resin composites: (1) Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (FB); (2) G-ænial Bulk Injectable (GB); (3) SDR Flow+ (SD); and (4) Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (TB), and four conventional flowable resin composites: (1) Clearfil Majesty IC (CM); (2) Filtek Supreme Ultra Flow (FF); (3) G-ænial Universal Flow (GF); and (4) Herculite XRV Ultra Flow (HF) were evaluated. Localized wear was simulated using 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki (Alabama) device with a stainless-steel ball bearing antagonist. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):69-73

Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate marginal seal, adaptation, surface texture, and bubble presence of pit and fissure sealants when using a novel instrument (C-Shape It) or the manufacturers' supplied applicators for sealant placement into occlusal fissures.

Methods: Extracted molars with occlusal fissures were cleaned with pumice slurry and divided into six groups (n= 10/gp); three treatment and three control. Sealant materials placed included Ultraseal, Delton, and Helioseal. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):64-68

Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of dentin biomodification on the long-term strength of sound and caries-affected (CA) dentin as a strategy to stabilize the dentin matrix. The biomodification strategy utilized a naturally occurring proanthocyanidin-rich Vitis vinifera grape seeds (Vv), and compared with glutaraldehyde (GD).

Methods: Dentin from sound and carious human molars were sectioned from mid-coronal dentin. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):59-63

Biochemical and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico,

Purpose: To evaluate Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation over different restorative dental materials.

Methods: Using a bioreactor over 72 hours, four commercially available ceramics were evaluated: IPS E-max Press, IPS E-max CAD, Lava Ultimate CAD-CAM, Vita Enamic and two resin composites (SR Nexco Paste and Brilliant NG). The results were evaluated using atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy, the biofilm was stained and the arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU) quantified. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Apr;33(2):55-58

Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.

Purpose: To analyze changes in pH and bacterial flora with duration of culture and timing of sugar supply using a polymicrobial biofilm model.

Methods: The biofilm was prepared using the method of Exterkate et al. Stimulated saliva from an adult was collected on a glass slide and added to unbuffered McBain medium containing 0. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Feb;33(1):48-52

Marshfield Clinic Research Institute and Scientist, Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA,

Purpose: Non-traumatic dental condition visits (NTDCs) represent about 1.4% to 2% of all Emergency Department (ED) visits and are limited to palliative care only, while associated with high cost of care. Feasibility of establishing a tele-dental approach to manage NTDCs in ED and Urgent care (UC) settings was undertaken to explore the possibility of utilizing remote tele-dental consults. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Feb;33(1):43-47

Department of Preventive Dentistry/Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of acid etchants with different low concentrations on remineralization of white spot lesion (WSL).

Methods: WSL were prepared on buccal surfaces of 100 intact premolars using the methyl cellulose gel/lactic acid method. The samples were then placed in a remineralizing solution in addition to fluoride application twice daily for 5 minutes. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 02;33(1):39-42

Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.

Purpose: This randomized, controlled study evaluated the 2-year clinical performance of two flowable resin composites performed with a universal adhesive in two etching modes for restoring non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Methods: One hundred NCCLs were restored with two flowable composites ( Charisma Opal Flow and G-aenial Universal Flo) and a universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal) with two etching modes (self-etch and etch&rinse) in a random order. The restorations were evaluated for retention, marginal adaptation, anatomic form, marginal discoloration, surface texture and secondary caries (modified USPHS criteria) at baseline, and after 6, 12 and 24 months. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Feb;33(1):33-38

Center for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different contamination media and cleaning regimens on the adhesion of resin cement to lithium disilicate ceramic.

Methods: Specimens (IPS e.max CAD) (n =15 per group) were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid gel. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Feb;33(1):29-32

Department of Regenerative Medicine, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.

Purpose: To assess the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and enamel cracks.

Methods: 219 patients were included. Separate operators assessed the sleep component of the study and the visual evaluation of the enamel cracks. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Feb;33(1):25-28

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different electrical brushing systems on the surface roughness and wear profile of the enamel of sound primary teeth and teeth with induced white spot lesions.

Methods: 45 specimens were obtained from sound primary incisors, and the buccal surface was divided into four parts: sound enamel; enamel with white spot lesions; sound enamel with brushing; and enamel with white spot lesions and brushing. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n =15), according to the different brushing systems: Group 1 - Electric rotating toothbrush (Kid's Power Toothbrush - Oral B); Group 2 - Sonic electric toothbrush (Baby Sonic Toothbrush); and Group 3 - Manual toothbrush (Curaprox infantil) (control). Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Feb;33(1):17-24

Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

Purpose: To review and assess the literature on in vitro studies evaluating tooth bleaching efficacy considering the use of a negative control, type of tooth substrate, storage medium, color evaluation methods, and evaluation time points.

Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science. Search used Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in PubMed in addition to free text. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Feb;33(1):12-16

Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro effects of commercially available charcoal dentifrices on Streptococcus mutans biofilm development and their ability to prevent enamel demineralization.

Methods: Streptococcus mutans biofilm was formed on polished bovine enamel specimens (n= 9 per treatment), and treated twice-daily for 120 seconds over the course of 5 days with: charcoal dentifrice containing fluoride (1,000 ppm F) (CF+), fluoride-free charcoal dentifrice (CF-), regular fluoride (1,100 ppm F) dentifrice (F+ ), or regular fluoride-free dentifrice (F-). Chlorhexidine (CHX, 0. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 02;33(1):3-11

The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio, USA.

Purpose: To compare the effects of oscillating-rotating (O-R), sonic (side-to-side), and manual toothbrushes on plaque and gingival health after multiple uses in studies up to 3 months.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) up to 3 months in duration to evaluate O-R electric toothbrush effectiveness regarding gingivitis reduction and plaque removal versus sonic and/or manual toothbrushes. To ensure access to subject-level data, this meta-analysis was limited to RCTs involving O-R toothbrushes from a single manufacturer conducted from 2007 to 2017 for which subject-level data were available and that satisfied criteria of duration, parallel design, examiner-graded, etc. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):311-324

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil,

Purpose: To systematically review all studies comparing manual instrumentation with at least one rotary instrument in the preparation of the root canal of permanent human teeth.

Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, IBECS and BBO were searched. In vitro studies published until 27 of September, 2016 were included. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):306-310

Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Purpose: The efficacy of a propolis solution against denture biofilm was evaluated by means of an in vitro assessment and a cross-over randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Acrylic resin specimens were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, immersed in a (A) propolis solution, (B) saline or (C) alkaline peroxide, applied onto Petri plates with culture medium and after incubation the number of colonies was counted. For the clinical trial, 30 complete denture wearers were randomly assigned to groups (A) propolis solution, and (B) saline, following one of the sequences (I)A/B or (II) B/A. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):299-305

São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution (2% wt), incorporated into a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (AS), on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to caries-affected dentin (CAD).

Methods: First, the degree of conversion (DC) of the AS with and without the ZnCl2 solution was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Second, beam-shaped samples (7 mm × 2 mm × 1 mm) were prepared with the AS containing the ZnCl2 solution to perform flexural strength (FS) tests. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):293-2298

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Krkkale University, Krkkale, Turkey.

Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effect of four different mouthrinses on discoloration of popular CAD-CAM blocks.

Methods: 40 specimens were prepared and then were divided into five groups (n = 8) for each CAD-CAM block (Vitablocks Mark II, IPS e-max CAD, GC LRF, Enamic, Cerasmart). In total, four different mouthrinses for each group (Listerine Zero, Parodontax, Kloroben, Oral B Pro-Expert) and distilled water for the control group were used. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):288-292

Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate in situ the effect of different types of toothpaste on enamel surface topography, microhardness and surface roughness (Ra) after bleaching with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Methods: This was a single-center, triple-blind, randomized, two-period, crossover in situ study in 15 subjects with 60 bovine enamel blocks (9. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):281-287

Division of Cariology and Endodontology, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland,

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of coating enamel and dentin with a calcium phosphate powder, a calcium fluoride silicon polymer, an oxalate and a functionalized tricalcium phosphate, on marginal adaptation of class V cavities restored with a universal adhesive containing the adhesive monomer with chemical bonding potential 10-MDP (Clearfil Universal Bond) and a hybrid composite (Clearfil APX).

Methods: Class V cavities with margins located in enamel and dentin were coated with the different bioactive materials prior to the application of the adhesive and composite. After restoration polishing, the samples were subjected to a thermo-mechanical fatigue test. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):276-280

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA,

Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of silver-loaded gelatin sponges prepared from gelatin and silver diamine fluoride, Ag(NH3)2F.

Methods: A series of novel silver-loaded gelatin sponges were prepared from gelatin and silver diamine fluoride. They were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):271-275

School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Purpose: To examine the effect of surface treatment and cement type on dentin bonding of processed resin composite restorations.

Methods: Bovine incisors were sectioned to expose mid-dentin, and randomly assigned to four different groups: Group ULT, Lava Ultimate composite blocks were bonded to dentin with RelyX Ultimate; Group ULT-CJ was treated as in Group ULT but CoJet was used to treat the intaglio surface prior to bonding; Group UNC was bonded with RelyX Unicem 2; and Group UNC-CJ was treated as in Group UNC but CoJet was used to treat the intaglio surface. RelyX Unicem 2 was used as a self-adhesive resin cement, while RelyX Ultimate was used as an adhesive resin cement with Scotchbond Universal. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Dec;32(6):267-270

Independent new product development and marketing consultant, Orland Park, IL, USA.

Purpose: A new laboratory method was developed to compare GUM Expanding floss, Reach Mint Waxed and Oral-B Glide Pro-Health Deep Clean for their ability to reduce artificial plaque.

Methods: The floss product to be evaluated was affixed to the testing device and placed around interproximal surfaces of plaque-covered posterior-shaped teeth extending to a 60° angle. The testing apparatus was set to move in a vertical direction to the tooth apex at two strokes per second with a 5 mm stroke for 15 seconds. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):260-264

Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.

Purpose: To compare the bonding effect of normal dentin (ND) and caries-affected dentin (CAD) on the surface of glass-ceramics using three types of bonding systems.

Methods: 39 teeth with caries involving the superficial layer of dentin were randomly divided into three groups and two subgroups: nanoleakage group (n=5) and shear bond strength group (n=8). The infected dentin was removed, and the CAD was retained. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):255-259

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different coping designs on maximum principal stresses in the veneering material using a finite element analysis method.

Methods: A maxillary first premolar tooth model was prepared. The primary and prepared tooth model were scanned with a 3D (three dimensional) scanner. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):251-254

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of mechanical torque rachet types based on the number of uses.

Methods: A total of 25 ratchets, including three frictional- and two spring-type torque ratchets from every mechanical torque ratchet group, were used in our study. A digital torque measurement device was used in assessing the efficiency of mechanical torque ratchets. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):245-250

Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of toothpaste containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler particles to that of conventional sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste for the prevention of dentin demineralization and biofilm regrowth.

Methods: Bovine root dentin specimens and glass coverslips were used as biofilm growth substrates. To establish biofilms, glass and dentin specimens were incubated for 72 hours in 0. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):240-244

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different thicknesses of CAD-CAM ceramic sections on the polymerization of two different resin cements.

Methods: Three CAD-CAM all-ceramic restorative materials were sectioned with four different thicknesses. A total of 240 resin cement specimens were prepared from light cured and dual cure resin cements and absorption peaks were recorded. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):235-239

Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR, University of North Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of whitening mouthrinses on sorption (SP) and solubility (SL), percentage of microhardness change (%M), loss of surface (LS), and color change (ΔE) in bulk-fill composites when compared with conventional composites.

Methods: Three bulk-fill composites, Surefil SDR (SF), Filtek Bulk-Fill (BF), and Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow (BFF), and one conventional resin, Filtek Z350 (FZ), were selected. Eighteen samples of each composite were subdivided into three groups based on the type of treatment: Listerine Whitening mouthrinse (LW), Colgate Plax Whitening mouthrinse (CP), and distilled water (DW; control). Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):229-234

Faculty São Leopoldo Mandic, Research Institute São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of ceramic laminate on color stability, surface microhardness, water sorption, and solubility of resin luting agents.

Methods: Disk-shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) of dual-cured resin cements (RelyX ARC or RelyX Ultimate) were obtained, and a light-cured luting agent (RelyX Veneer) was used. In Experiment 1, disk-shaped resin cements (n = 10) were submitted to: I) polymerization with or without ceramic laminate (0. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):223-228

Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,

Purpose: To compare the performance of universal adhesives containing different monomers, namely 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) and dipentaerythritol penta-acrylate monophosphate (PENTA), in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial involving 63 subjects in need of restorations of 203 NCCLs. Notch-shaped lesions were restored with Kalore (GC Corporation) after application of Scotchbond Universal (SU) or Prime&Bond Elect (PBE) following the etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) technique. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):219-222

University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,

Purpose: To compare the sealing properties of three pit and fissure (P&F) sealants, Embrace Wet Bond (EWB), a bioactive P&F sealant Embrace Wet Bond through the addition of modified calcium phosphate (MCP) (EWBMCP) and ClinPro (CLPR). The sealing properties of the materials were tested by means of a bacterial microleakage test.

Methods: 30 extracted intact human third molars were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 (n=10) teeth each. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Oct;32(5):215-218

Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser with or without the 5% fluoride varnish on the acid resistance of dentin after erosive challenge.

Methods: 36 incisors were selected and sectioned, obtaining 72 specimens of 4 mm × 4 mm and randomly divided into eight groups (n = 9). In G1: application of Er,Cr:YSGG (0. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Aug;32(4):208-212

Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of sonic application on the surface roughness of bulk-fill resin composite restorations.

Methods: 80 intact bovine incisors had their incisal thirds removed, their buccal surfaces flattened, and standard preparations mimicking Class II preparations performed on their buccal surfaces. Specimens were then randomly assigned for restoration with the bulk-fill resin composites Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, SureFil SDR flow+, and SonicFill 2, with sonic application for 15 seconds and 30 seconds as well as no sonic application. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Aug;32(4):201-207

Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of eight different cleansers containing alkaline peroxide against yeast [Candida albicans (Ca) and Candida glabrata (Cg) ], Gram-negative bacteria [Escherichia coli (Ec) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) ], and Gram-positive bacteria [ Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), and Streptococcus mutans (Sm) ].

Methods: Denture base acrylic resin specimens (Lucitone 550; 1264 denture base acrylic resin specimens) were obtained from a circular metal matrix (15 x 3 mm) and sterilized with microwave irradiation (650 W, 6 minutes). The specimens were contaminated with 10⁶ CFU/mL suspension of yeasts and 10⁸ CFU/mL suspensions of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Read More

Am J Dent 2019 Aug;32(4):191-200

School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.

Purpose: To review the literature on the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on surrogate markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and to clarify the impact of periodontal disease on systemic inflammation.

Methods: PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been adopted. An electronic search in PubMed up to December 2018 was performed using the following search terms and keywords alone or in combination: non surgical periodontal therapy, atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), operative surgical procedures, CVD, IL-6, CRP, cholesterol, LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein, HDL, endothelial dysfunction, dependent dilatation, carotid intima media thickness, periodontitis, tunica intima. Read More