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Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):116-119

Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.

Purpose: To determine the extent of radiant exposure (RE) attenuation of three LED light-polymerization units (LPUs), and their beam-profile, at the bottom of the Class-2 slot, using MARC-PS.

Methods: 10 seconds RE was delivered to MARC-PS' anterior sensor by Bluephase-Style, Demi-Plus, and Deep-Cure-S. Two ivorine lower first-molars received Class-2 proximal box preparations: (3×2×4 mm and 4×4×4 mm) and were sectioned horizontally above the cementoenamel junction. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):110-115

Faculty of Dental Medicine of the Hebrew University and Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis efficacy of two bioavailable stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrices versus a zinc/arginine dentifrice and a negative control dentifrice, and to compare the plaque control benefits.

Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, four-treatment, parallel-group, double-blind, 3-month clinical trial. Healthy adult subjects with gingivitis were randomly assigned to one of four different dentifrice treatment groups: SnF2 dentifrice A, SnF2 (1,100 ppm F) + sodium fluoride (350 ppm F) + sodium hexametaphosphate (Procter & Gamble); SnF2 dentifrice B, SnF2 (1,100 ppm F) + sodium fluoride (350 ppm F) + citrate (Procter & Gamble); Zn/Arg dentifrice, zinc/arginine + sodium fluoride (1,450 ppm F) (Colgate-Palmolive); negative control dentifrice, sodium monofluoro-phosphate (1,000 ppm F) + sodium fluoride (450 ppm F) (Colgate-Palmolive). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):105-109

Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the chemical composition and morphological properties of eroded dentin after biomodification with phosphorylated chitosan (P-Chi) and carbodiimide (EDC).

Methods: 42 bovine dentin specimens were used; 21 of these specimens were subjected to erosive challenge with 0.3% citric acid (pH = 3. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):101-104

Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate and describe the most frequent TMJ degenerative bone alterations on MRI and CT and to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI.

Methods: Images of 80 subjects were selected and evaluated from a database and 57 were selected. The subjects were submitted to CT and MRI exams (each subject on the same day). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):97-100

Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.

Purpose: This pilot study assessed the periodontal status and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

Methods: 15 ACS patients on statin (anti-cholesterol) therapy, were recruited into the study an average of 9 months after discharge from university hospital. Blood and mouthrinse samples were collected for analysis of inflammatory biomarkers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):91-96

Advanced Education in Esthetic and Operative Dentistry Program, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the flexural strength of three CAD-CAM glass-ceramic materials and to investigate the effect of various surface treatments on their flexural strength.

Methods: 120 rectangular specimens were fabricated from three different types of CAD-CAM ceramic blocks and were divided into three groups: zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo, Group 1), leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD, Group 2), and lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Group 3). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):87-90

Procter & Gamble, Beijing Innovation Center, Beijing, China.

Purpose: To assess the gingivitis reduction efficacy of a novel stannous-containing fluoride dentifrice relative to a negative control.

Methods: 100 generally healthy adults with 10 or more gingival bleeding sites based on the Mazza Modification of the Papillary Bleeding Index (Mazza GI) were enrolled into a 2-week randomized, controlled, double-blind, single-center, two-treatment, parallel group clinical study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the stannous-containing dentifrice group (experimental group) or the sodium fluoride dentifrice group (negative control group). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):80-86

Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the effect on micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of a double layer application of three universal adhesives applied in self-etch mode to proximal dentin/cementum gingival margins of class II direct composite restorations, immediately and after 12 months water storage.

Methods: 66 molars with compound class II cavities, with gingival margin 1 mm below CEJ, were divided into three groups according to the universal adhesive used. The adhesives evaluated included All-Bond Universal (AB), Single Bond Universal (SB), and Prime&Bond Elect (PB). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 04;34(2):75-79

Clinic Pergigian Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia.

Purpose: To compare the bleaching efficacy of in-office (Opalescence), professional home (LumiBrite), over the counter (WhiteLight) and natural (strawberry extract) bleaching agents.

Methods: 80 teeth were selected and divided into two groups which were stained with black coffee and red wine respectively. The stained specimens were subdivided into four subgroups to be bleached with Opalescence, LumiBrite, WhiteLight and strawberry extract. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):70-74

Department of Restorative Dentistry , School of Dentistry, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two desensitizing agents applied before in-office bleaching, on the degree of whitening and dentin sensitivity.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the groups, according to the desensitizing agent used, with n=10 for each one. The bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide, divided according to the desensitizing agent used prior to the bleaching procedure: Placebo (PL); Desensibilize KF with potassium nitrate and 0. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):63-69

University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA,

Purpose: To compare the effects of whitening toothpaste and bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on discoloration of dental resin composite caused by cigarette smoke (CS) and electronic vapor product (EVP) aerosol.

Methods: 40 resin composite discs were divided into three groups: 15 each for CS and EVP aerosol exposure and 10 for air exposure (control). Exposures were performed for 15 days, with daily brushing with regular toothpaste. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):54-60

All Sum Research Center Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada.

Purpose: This 6-month study compared the effects of a smart-connected oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations with those of a marketed smart-connected sonic rechargeable toothbrush for the reduction of gingivitis and plaque.

Methods: In this single-center, examiner-blind, two-treatment, open-label, parallel-group, randomized study, 110 adult subjects with evidence of gingivitis and plaque were randomized to use either the O-R brush (Oral-B iO) or the sonic brush (Philips Sonicare DiamondClean). Both groups were instructed to brush twice daily with a standard sodium fluoride dentifrice. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 02;34(1):49-53

Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.

Purpose: To compare the antimicrobial effect of treating dentin caries lesions with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in different concentrations and chlorhexidine (CHX).

Methods: Children aged 7-10 years presenting one occlusal dentin carious lesion in primary molars were selected, totaling 40 teeth. The sample was randomly divided into four groups: (G1) 38%-SDF + potassium iodide (KI); (G2) 30%-SDF; (G3) 2%-CHX; and (G4) control group. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):44-48

Department of Restorative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of light cure, as well as various dentin surface treatment approaches, on the penetration depth of silver precipitating from 38% silver diamine fluoride into primary dentin tubules.

Methods: The occlusal dentin surfaces of 42 non-carious primary molars were exposed and then sectioned into halves bucco-lingually. The halves from each tooth pair were randomly split in two mega-groups, and each mega-group was divided randomly as follows into six experimental groups: prepared by either carbide bur (G1, G2), ceramic bur (G3, G4), or erbium laser (G5, G6). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):39-43

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Purpose: To characterize the color outcome on different zirconia types of various colored titanium backgrounds produced with a newly developed anodized technique.

Methods: Blue, green, pink and gold-colored titanium backgrounds were produced via different anodization voltage values. Non-anodized grey colored titanium was used as a control. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):31-38

Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,

Purpose: To examine the marginal adaptation in enamel and dentin of mixed Class V saucer shaped restorations where cavities were prepared by two different lasers.

Methods: A handpiece-integrated Er:YAG laser @ 4.5 W, 300 mJ, 15 Hz (LiteTouch III) and a novel CO2 laser @ 12. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):23-30

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of different light activation methods for in-office bleaching agents in terms of color change durability and tooth sensitivity (TS).

Methods: 80 subjects were randomly divided into four groups (n= 20). A bleaching agent (40% H2O2) was activated using a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, an 810-nm diode laser, a light-emitting diode (LED), and conventional (chemical) treatment. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):17-22

Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, longevity, and bleaching sensitivity of in-office bleaching with 37% carbamide (CP) and 35% hydrogen peroxides (HP).

Methods: 45 volunteers were enrolled in this randomized, double blind, controlled, split-mouth clinical trial with a 6-month follow-up. Left and right hemiarches were randomly selected to receive CP or HP in-office bleaching. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):10-16

Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,

Purpose: To conduct a clinical evaluation of calcium lactate and sodium fluoride mouthrinses in reducing sensitivity and efficacy of color change during in-office bleaching.

Methods: 75 participants were selected and divided into three groups (n= 25), according to the type of desensitizing treatment tested: calcium lactate mouthrinse prior to sodium fluoride mouthrinse before each bleaching session; daily mouthrinse with sodium fluoride; control (absence of mouthrinse). Each mouthrinse was used for 1 minute. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Feb;34(1):3-9

British American Tobacco R & D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke, smokeless tobacco (e.g. snus), tobacco heating products (THP), electronic cigarettes (EC), and modern oral nicotine products on tooth staining. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):331-336

Department of Cariology and Endodontology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Purpose: To evaluate the minimal irradiation time to reach a sufficient polymerization of a photopolymerizable restorative bulk-fill resin composite to lute endocrowns.

Methods: A photopolymerizable restorative bulk-fill resin composite (Filtek One Bulk Fill) was submitted to direct light-curing by a high power LED light-curing unit for 20 seconds as the positive control group (n = 10). Five more test groups (n= 10) were light-cured in a natural tooth mold from three sites (buccal, palatal and occlusal) under a 9. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):325-329

Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the efficacy of a desensitizer containing calcium phosphate with a two-step self-etch adhesive and placebo over a 6-month period.

Methods: 50 subjects aged between 21-64 years with a sensitivity score of 6 or higher according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in at least three teeth participated in this study. Teethmate Desensitizer, Clearfil SE Bond 2, and placebo (distilled water) were applied randomly to three teeth of each patient. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):320-324

Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of a pencil-type transducer connected to a pulser-receiver to measure remaining dentin thickness (RDT).

Methods: A total of 24 freshly extracted bovine incisors were used to prepare dentin disks with certain thicknesses (0.5, 1. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):315-319

Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,

Purpose: To assess the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on bond strength of current adhesive systems to caries-affected dentin and cleaning procedures to overcome SDF's influence on adhesion to dentin.

Methods: 64 human third molars were randomly divided in eight groups for microshear bond strength testing (MBS). Samples of sound and artificial caries-affected human dentin were treated or not with 38% SDF and restored with an etch-and-rinse or a self-etch bonding system. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):310-314

Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, Passo Fundo, Brazil,

Purpose: To characterize experimental glass fiber-reinforced resin-based composites (GFIR-isophthalic; and GFOR-orthophthalic), evaluating their mechanical behavior and adhesive potential to ceramic in comparison to human dentin and a traditional glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (G10).

Methods: Density (ρ), elastic modulus (E), and Poisson's ratio (ν) were evaluated using 2 mm thick specimens from GFIR, GFOR, human dentin and G10. Biaxial flexural strength (δf), Knoop hardness and surface topography under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were assessed for GFIR and GFOR specimens. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 12;33(6):305-309

Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, University of Lille, Inserm, Lille, France,

Purpose: To evaluate an injectable gel, recently proposed for the controlled release of "active oxygen" in periodontal pockets, compared to an antibiotic or an antiseptic gel, respectively.

Methods: The antimicrobial activity, injectability, texture properties, swelling and water uptake of the gels were studied.

Results: The "active oxygen" gel showed a bactericidal effect comparable to the two commercially available drug products (containing minocycline or chlorhexidine) on anaerobic periodontal pathogens and did not seem to affect aerobic strains. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):296-304

Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (CNS), Wenzhou, China,

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the accuracy of clinical applications of digital guides.

Methods: First, PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the PICO standard. Eligible articles were included. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):291-295

Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, University of Siena, Siena, Italy,

Purpose: This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the behavior of lithium disilicate partial crowns by means of a novel Functional Index for Teeth (FIT).

Methods: 105 subjects in need of at least a single prosthetic restoration in posterior areas were treated with adhesive partial crowns (for a total of 170 restorations) onto natural vital abutment teeth and followed-up annually for 4 years. Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups: Group 1, e. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Dec;33(6):287-290

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.

Purpose: To compare the bond strength of ceramic or resin laminate veneers produced using computer assisted design/computer assisted machining (CAD-CAM).

Methods: 80 teeth were prepared for laminate veneer, and divided into eight groups of different CAD-CAM blocks in each group. Each group was restored with the manufacturers' recommended procedures. Read More

Am J Dent 2020 Oct;33(5):277-284

Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,

Purpose: To investigate whether the addition of sodium-DNA (Na-DNA) to chlorhexidine (CHX)-containing mouthwash influenced morphology and viability of a reconstituted human oral epithelium (ROE), and protects ROE against oxidative stress.

Methods: Multi-layered 0.5 cm² ROE specimens were positioned inside a continuous flow bioreactor and grown air-lifted for 24 hours. Read More