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Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):109-112

Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,

Results: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may present a challenge to the dental clinician due to the many presentations that it can have. This condition can be caused by multiple medications including bisphosphonates, RANKL ligand inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs. Cases were reported in multiple sites of both the maxilla and mandible, including the hard palate, mylohyoid area, and the buccal plate. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):103-108

Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA,

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of an oral spray and oral rinses to inhibit oral cariogenic dual species biofilm formation on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs.

Methods: The Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10449, ATCC), Lactobacilli casei (NCIB 8820, ATCC) dual species biofilm formation and inhibition on HA disc was tested using five antimicrobial products, i.e. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):97-102

Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Purpose: To investigate the survival of adhesive restorations after selective carious tissue removal to soft dentin in primary molars.

Methods: This two-arm randomized clinical trial included 62 subjects (5.9 years ± 1. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):89-96

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical longevity of bulk-fill resins and ormocer composites compared to conventional nanofill and nanohybrid resins in posterior permanent teeth.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Scielo were electronically searched for randomized clinical trials, without language restrictions. The extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager, comparing the clinical behavior of bulk fill or ormocer restorations with nanofill or nanohybrid resins. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):84-88

Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To perform a scoping review on the available literature regarding the side effects of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) used in toothpastes.

Methods: A scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA extension using PubMed. The electronic search was supplemented with a manual search for a complete overview. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):79-83

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of four chemical treatment methods on the contaminated surfaces of VITA ENAMIC (EN) and CERASMART (CS) resin composite computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing blocks (RCBs).

Methods: Each RCB was contaminated with a handpiece oil for 1 minute. These contaminated surfaces were then chemically treated by Gel Etchant (PA), Ivoclean (IC), Monobond Etch & Prime (MB), or Ceramics Etch (HF) reagents (n= 12), after which their shear bond strengths, morphologies, failure modes, and surface free energies were examined. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):75-78

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To evaluate the failure rate of 1,000 immediately placed implants in fresh extraction sockets and their risk factors.

Methods: The data comprised files of 1,000 fresh socket implants placed during the 2014-2019 interval in three Tehran-based private dental clinics. The statistical method was survival analysis consisting of shared frailty and intra-cluster correlation. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):69-74

The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA.

Purpose: To use non-inferiority statistical testing with simple microhardness measurements (SMH) as a prediction of potential erosive hard tissue damage of topical treatments on enamel.

Methods: Three independent experiments of a simple acid cycling demineralization (ACD) model were used to screen softening effects of various commercial beverages on dental enamel. The cycling model consists of six repeated exposures of enamel slabs with alternating treatments of artificial saliva over the course of 6 hours. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Apr;35(2):63-68

Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Purpose: To quantify the biological contamination of a dental operatory environment using a biological tracer.

Methods: A Streptococcus mutans suspension was infused into the mouth of a phantom, and an operator performed standardized dental procedures using an air turbine, a contra-angle handpiece, or an ultrasonic scaler either with windows open or closed. The presence of the tracer was measured by placing Petri dishes with a selective medium at 18 sites on the dental unit and 38 sites in the surrounding operatory environment. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):55-60

Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,

Purpose: To investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis on the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm.

Methods: A total of 107 volunteers (aged 18-78 years) were recruited. Peripheral blood samples from patients with periodontitis and T2DM (n= 43), patients with periodontitis only (n= 20), patients with T2DM only (n= 23), and healthy controls (n= 21) were collected. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):49-54

Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA,

Purpose: To evaluate in vitro the potential of an intraoral scanner (IOS) to monitor erosive tooth wear (ETW) using different alignment software with distinct quantitative measurement metrics.

Methods: 15 unpolished bovine crowns were exposed to citric acid (pH ~2.5) at 24-hour intervals up to 168 hours. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):43-48

Biomedical Engineering - Biomechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To clarify how crown-to-implant ratio (C-I ratio) influences the bone biomechanically with its two components: crown height and implant length.

Methods: This three-dimensional finite element study was performed in two phases. The first phase aimed to show the influence of the C-I ratio on the stresses in the peri-implant bone and the second phase to reveal the impact of each of the two components of the C-I ratio: crown height and implant length. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):37-42

Faculty São Leopoldo Mandic, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of polishing systems (discs or rubbers) on surface roughness (Ra) and color change (ΔE) of two bulk fill and one conventional resin composite after immersion in a dye solution.

Methods: 180 samples (10 mm x 2 mm) were separated into three groups: (1) Resin composite: Filtek One Bulk Fill (FO), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), Filtek Z350 XT (FXT) (n= 60); (2) polishing system: unpolished (control); aluminum oxide discs (Sof-Lex, AOD); cup-shaped abrasive rubber polishers (Astropol, CSA) (n= 20), and (3) immersion solutions: coffee or distilled water (n= 10). Immersion was under 5 mL of each solution for 3 hours daily, for 30 days. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):30-36

Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil,

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro marginal integrity of CAD-CAM composite inlays with the proximal box margin relocated with different direct restorative materials before and after thermomechanical aging.

Methods: Standardized 4 mm-wide Class II cavities were prepared in 40 sound human upper molars. The mesial cervical margin was located in enamel (control) and 1 mm occlusal to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), while the distal cervical margin was located in dentin (experimental) and 2 mm apical to the CEJ. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):25-29

Program of Dental Technicians, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the color stability and surface roughness of heat-polymerized poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) PMMA denture base materials.

Methods: A total of 40 disc-shaped specimens (diameter 15 mm x thickness 2 mm) were divided into two groups according to their processing technique: Group CC, CAD-CAM PMMA; and Group HP, heat-polymerized PMMA. The specimens were exposed to cigarette smoke with 20 cigarettes daily for 5 days. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):20-24

Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of five whitening toothpastes applied three times a day for 4 weeks.

Methods: 25 human extracted teeth were selected. Two peroxide-based dental bleaching pastes (professionally delivered): Enawhite 2. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):15-19

Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To compare the stress distribution through photoelasticity, microhardness and roughness of intact crowns of primary molars (CC) and the preformed crowns of stainless steel (SSC) and zirconia (ZC) used in dental restorations in pediatric dentistry.

Methods: Six healthy primary molars were selected. For the photoelastic models, the teeth were fixed in photoelastic resin. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 02;35(1):12-14

Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Dental Clinic, University Hospital Erlangen, Nuremberg, Germany.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of cannabidiol (CBD) oil on the color stability of resin composites.

Methods: Three different resin composites were chosen to prepare 90 disk-shaped specimens. The specimens were randomly selected to compose two test groups (classic CBD or chocolate CBD) and one control group (distilled water) for a 14-day test. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):9-11

College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the prevalence of glossodynia increased among patients affected by COVID-19 compared to other hospital populations.

Methods: The i2b2 patient registry platform at the University of Florida Health Center was used to generate a count of patients using the international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis codes from October 2015 to June 2021. Logistic regression of the aggregates was used for analysis. Read More

Am J Dent 2022 Feb;35(1):3-8

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro color stability and surface properties of bulk-fill resin composites after exposure to coffee and cola.

Methods: Color stability was evaluated in a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250) and three bulk-fill resin composites (Filtek One Bulk Fill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, and Beautifil Bulk Fill as giomer). Color change (CIEDE 2000 ΔE₀₀) was calculated after 12 days of immersion in distilled water (control), coffee, or cola (Diet Coke). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):338-344

Church and Dwight Co. Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA,

Purpose: To compare the plaque removal efficacy of a new children's powered toothbrush to a children's manual toothbrush.

Methods: 55 subjects aged 5-8 years old, who met entry criteria, participated in this single-center, two-cell, examiner-blind, randomized, crossover, single use clinical study. Subjects brushed at home with their first assigned toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, under supervision of a parent or legal guardian, at least once daily for 2 minutes during a 1-week acclimation period. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):333-337

Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Purpose: To measure and compare the area of inhibition around a bioglass-containing adhesive and resin-based composite following an in vitro artificial caries model in human extracted teeth.

Methods: Preparations were made at the CEJ of extracted human molars (40, n=10/material) and restored with combinations of a bioglass-containing adhesive (BA, Regen), a reference adhesive which served as a negative control (RA), a bioglass-containing composite (BC, Regen), and a reference composite which served as a negative control (RC): BABC, RABC, BARC, RARC. All materials were light-cured and then finished with a polishing disc. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):327-332

Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Purpose: To evaluate the marginal sealing ability of different restorative materials used in deep margin elevation (DME) on zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate CAD-CAM ceramic restorations.

Methods: A total of 30 Class II cavities were prepared in freshly extracted human molars with the proximal margin located 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). All specimens were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=10): control group, resin composite group (Filtek Z350 XT), and resin-modified glass-ionomer group (RMGI) (Vitremer Tricure). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):322-326

Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate the color stability (ΔE), surface roughness (ΔRa), and flexural strength of denture base acrylic resin after short (20 minutes) and long-term (8 hours) immersions simulating a period of 5 years of use.

Methods: 120 disk-shaped (16 mm x 4 mm) and 120 rectangular (65 mm x 10 mm x 3.3 mm) specimens were prepared (Lucitone 550) and distributed into three groups (n=20): distilled water (Control); Corega Tabs (CT) and Polident (Po), for immersions of 20 minutes and 8 hours. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):317-321

Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate the occurrence of tooth loss among crack cocaine users.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 106 crack cocaine users and 106 controls matched for age, gender, and tobacco use. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, drug use, use of dental services, dental caries, periodontal disease, and the outcome (tooth loss). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):313-316

Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) in COVID-19 confirmed patients before and after adjustments for risk factors such as fibromyalgia, nocturnal bruxism, and anxiety disorders.

Methods: The i2b2 database was used to query searches of patient records at University of Florida Health Centers. Queries were submitted for the number of total hospital patients, TMJD cases, COVID-19 cases, and TMJD with COVID-19 cases from December 2019 to July 2021. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):307-312

Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Purpose: To investigate the tooth-whitening effects of mouthrinses containing different sizes of hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles after prolonged application time and compare them with a commercial whitening mouthrinse.

Methods: 50 bovine incisors were stained and randomly distributed into five groups: the HAP groups with 3 µm, 200 nm and 50 nm particle size, the commercial whitening mouthrinse group and the distilled water group. The teeth underwent prolonged mouthrinse applications that were equivalent to simulated 3- and 6-month mouthrinsing. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):300-306

Faculty São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To evaluate the color, surface roughness and microhardness of human dental enamel subjected to brushing with whitening dentifrices.

Methods: The enamel samples (4 x 4 x 2 mm) were darkened using 0.2% chlorhexidine and black tea, and were randomly divided into seven groups (n= 15) for brushing cycles with only water; control; conventional dentifrice (Colgate Maximum Anticaries Protection); dentifrice containing 2% hydrogen peroxide (Colgate Luminous White Advanced); dentifrice containing sodium tripolyphosphate (Sensodyne True White); dentifrice containing activated charcoal (Black is White); and dentifrice containing blue covarine (Close Up White Now). Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Dec;34(6):295-299

Student Research Program, Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA,

Purpose: To evaluate tooth color change and surface roughness after the use of charcoal dentifrices.

Methods: Bovine teeth (n= 64) used for color measurements were stained in tea solution and embedded in acrylic resin. Specimens were randomized into four groups of 16 specimens each. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Oct;34(5):286-292

Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA,

Purpose: To examine the effects of an ion-releasing filler-containing gel on the remineralization of dentin using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Dentin slabs of bovine teeth were sliced and shaped into a rectangular form. Specimens were treated with undersaturated 0. Read More