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Am J Prev Med 2022 Jun 28;62(6):e351-e355. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death. However, effective medicines, including prescription medications often covered by health insurance, are available to aid cessation.

Methods: Trends of 7 U. Read More

J Card Fail 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

Background: COVID-19 may negatively impact the prognosis of patients with chronic HFrEF, and vice versa.

Methods: This study included two parallel analyses among US patients in the TriNetX health database who underwent PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 as an inpatient or outpatient between January and September 2020. Analysis A included patients with a positive COVID-19 test, and compared patients with a history of worsening HFrEF (HF hospitalization or IV diuretic use in prior 12 months), HFrEF without worsening, and no prior HF. Read More

Genomics 2022 May 18:110389. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address:

Disorders of sex development (DSDs) are congenital malformations defined as discrepancies between sex chromosomes and phenotypical sex. Testicular or ovotesticular XX DSDs are frequently observed in female dogs, while monogenic XY DSDs are less frequent. Here, we applied whole genome sequencing (WGS) to search for causative mutations in XX DSD females in French Bulldogs (FB) and American Staffordshire Terries (AST) and in XY DSD Yorkshire Terries (YT). Read More

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Emory University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address:

Background: Racial discrimination is consistently associated with adverse health outcomes and has been linked to structural decrements in brain white matter. However, it is unclear whether discrimination-related neuroplastic changes could indirectly affect health outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate racial discrimination's indirect associations on health outcomes through white matter microstructure in a sample of trauma-exposed Black women. Read More

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with deficits in social cognition, but the relationship between harmful alcohol use and the processes underlying interactive social behavior is still unknown. We hypothesized that prosocial decision-making is reduced in AUD and that individual differences in the underlying processes are key to better understand these reductions.

Method: In one laboratory study (Swedish participants, n=240) and one confirmatory online study (American participants, n=260), we compared young adults with AUD to age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls on six facets of prosocial decision-making. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.

Background: Asthma disproportionately affects African-American/Black (AA/B) and Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) patients and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES), but the relationship between SES and asthma morbidity within these racial/ethnic groups is inadequately understood.

Objective: To determine the relationship between SES and asthma morbidity among AA/B and H/L adults with moderate-severe asthma using multi-domain SES frameworks and mediation analyses.

Methods: We analyzed enrollment data from the PREPARE randomized trial, evaluating inhaled corticosteroid supplementation to rescue therapy. Read More

J Ren Nutr 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.

Objective: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension eating plan (DASH) improves hypertension in Black individuals and is associated with favorable chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes. Yet, adherence to DASH is low among US adults in general, particularly among Black Americans. We assessed perceptions about DASH, its cultural compatibility, and barriers and facilitators to DASH adherence in Black adults with CKD. Read More

Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022 May 14;13(4):101967. Epub 2022 May 14.

Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Campus Araquari, Santa Catarina 89245-000, Brazil. Electronic address:

Bovine parasitic sadness, comprised of the diseases babesiosis and anaplasmosis, has a large impact on cattle farming in several countries, as it compromises animal productivity. Using systematic review (SR)-meta-analysis (MA) methodology, our objective was to summarize and to investigate study characteristics associated with prevalence of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma marginale infection in Latin American cattle herds. Read More

Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022 May 22. Epub 2022 May 22.

Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Objective: Testamentary capacity (TC) is a legal construct, which concerns a person's mental capacity to make or amend a will. Although expert clinicians are frequently asked to assess TC in forensic settings, there are few instruments and little empirical research to inform and guide their assessments. The present study describes the development and psychometric properties of a standardized assessment measure of TC (Testamentary Capacity Instrument-TCI), and investigates its reliability and validity. Read More

Mol Biol Rep 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, 3rd floor, 8330025, Santiago, Chile.

Background: In a previous work, we identified nine founder mutations present in close to 80% of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, and distributed across the country. The presence of founder mutations constitutes a valuable opportunity to develop new strategies for genetic screening. Genetic tests are primarily performed by NGS sequencing, which requires sophisticated and expensive equipment, and it takes 2-3 weeks for the results to be informed to the patient. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the gender and racial diversity of plenary session speakers in the annual meetings of Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) over 2016 to 2020.

Materials And Methods: The brochures of the SAR annual meetings were reviewed for plenary session speakers and titles. Publicly available institutional profiles and social media were reviewed by the investigator in order to infer gender and race. Read More

Head Neck 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Background: In 2015, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) released its inaugural recommendations for the management of thyroid cancer in children. We aim to evaluate whether there has been a change in hemithyroidectomy utilization for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer, and the association between those changes and the release of the ATA guidelines.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried and identified 4776 patients ≤18 years old with differentiated thyroid cancer. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea.

Context: The relationship of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) behaviors with preventing early-onset vasomotor symptoms (VMSs) is unknown.

Objective: We investigated the association between CVH metrics and the development of early-onset VMSs in premenopausal women.

Design: This cohort study included 2,541 premenopausal women aged 42-52 years without VMSs at baseline. Read More

Child Dev 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.

This study examined bidirectional associations between daily happiness and negative mood and subjective and objective sleep measures. Participants were 311 adolescents (M  = 17.37 years; 51. Read More

Child Dev 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.

The present study investigated developmental pathways that can contribute to chronic disease among rural African Americans. With a sample of 342 African American youth (59% female) from the southeastern United States followed for nearly two decades (2001-2019), we examined the prospective association between family poverty during adolescence (ages 11-18) and insulin resistance (IR) in young adulthood (ages 25-29) as well as underlying biological and psychosocial mechanisms. Results indicated family poverty during adolescence forecast higher levels of IR in young adulthood, with accelerated immune cell aging at age 20 partially mediating this association. Read More

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitartia de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.

Due to the absence of easily applicable cut-off points to determine high blood pressure or hypertension in children, as in the adult population, blood pressure is rarely measured in the pediatrician's clinical routine. This has led to an underdiagnosis of high blood pressure or hypertension in children. For this reason, the present study evaluate the utility of five equations for the screening of high blood pressure in children: blood pressure to height ratio, modified blood pressure to height ratio, new modified blood pressure to height ratio, new simple formula and height-based equations. Read More

Thyroid 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 12223, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States;

Objectives: Thyroid autoimmunity is common in pregnant women and associated with thyroid dysfunction and adverse obstetric outcomes. Most studies focus on thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAbs) assessed by negative-positive dichotomy and rarely take into account thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAbs). This study aimed at determining the association of TPOAbs and TgAbs, respectively and interdependently, with maternal thyroid function. Read More

Int J Health Policy Manag 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

The recent concerns raised about commercial determinants of health (CDoH) are not new. Numerous organizations around the world are working on these issues. These groups have emerged in response to specific issues and contexts and bring with them a diversity of interests, worldviews and strategies for change. Read More

BMC Public Health 2022 May 21;22(1):1019. Epub 2022 May 21.

School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.

Background: A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (known as COVID-19), spread rapidly around the world, affecting all and creating an ongoing global pandemic. Across the United States, Latinx and Indigenous populations have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 cases and death rates. An examination of the perceptions and beliefs about the spread of the virus, COVID-19 testing, and vaccination amongst racial-ethnic minority groups, specifically Latinx and Indigenous Latin American immigrant communities, is needed to alleviate the widespread disparity in new cases and deaths. Read More

Confl Health 2022 May 20;16(1):27. Epub 2022 May 20.

Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

Background: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is consistently plagued with humanitarian crises while having little response capacity. Despite their obvious growing need, there exist limited educational opportunities for humanitarian workers to develop their capacity in humanitarian topics. The present study evaluates an online training program, the Humanitarian Leadership Diploma (HLD), which targeted humanitarian workers across the MENA region. Read More

Transl Stroke Res 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.

Clinical evidence affirms physical exercise is effective in preventive and rehabilitation approaches for ischemic stroke. This sustainable efficacy is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and associates substantial reprogramming in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). The intricate journey of pluripotent exercise-induced EVs from parental cells to the whole-body and infiltration to cerebrovascular entity offers several mechanisms to reduce stroke incidence and injury or accelerate the subsequent recovery. Read More

Paediatr Drugs 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

There are numerous potential factors that may affect growth in children with epilepsy, and these must be evaluated in any child with appetite and weight concerns. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) have potential adverse effects, and many may affect appetite, thus impacting normal growth and weight gain. The aim of this review is to focus on the impact of both epilepsy and ASMs on appetite and weight in children. Read More

Mem Cognit 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Culture and Cognition Lab, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-4401, USA.

Collective future thinking, namely the anticipation of events for a group, is a relatively new research area in memory studies. Research to date with predominantly Western populations suggests that people tend to expect negative events for their country's future. In two studies, we investigated the emotional valence and perceived control of anticipated future events of one's country and examined the roles of country identification and national well-being in collective future thinking. Read More

J Autism Dev Disord 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Occupational Therapy, The Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine.

To propose novel differential criteria of the DSM-5 for diagnosing transient Autistic-like behaviors in children with congenital blindness as a secondary condition. Most references indicate a significantly higher prevalence of autism in children with congenital blindness compared to sighted children. These behavioral symptoms may be transient Autism-like behaviors that should be diagnosed as a secondary condition. Read More

World J Urol 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.

Purpose: We aimed to report the morbidity profile of salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) after radiotherapy failure and assess the impact of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) on postoperative complications and functional outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Between 1985 and 2019, a total of 293 patients underwent SRP; 232 underwent open SRP; and 61 underwent laparoscopic SRP with or without robotic assistance. Complications were recorded and classified into standardized categories per the Clavien-Dindo classification. Read More

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial group in the USA, but their health disparities are often overlooked. Although their needs for transplantable organs are substantial, they have the lowest rates of organ donation per million compared to other Americans by race. To better understand Asian Americans' disposition toward organ donation, a self-administered survey was developed based on formative data collection and guidance from a Community Advisory Board composed of Asian American stakeholders. Read More

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Black American adolescent girls constitute approximately one third of the US youth legal system population. Their overrepresentation in the youth punishment system is an indicator of significant physical, sexual, and/or behavioral health needs. Since less is known about perceptions of HIV/STI risk among Black girls with juvenile justice histories, we used intersectionality theory to explore the following: (1) how a sample of Black girls in detention endorse their perceptions of sexual safety given the multiple intersections of their race, gender, and SES and (2) how their endorsements align with interlocking systems of social inequality for system-involved Black at the social structural level. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 May 20;12(1):8534. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Gut dysbiosis, a pathological imbalance of bacteria, has been shown to contribute to the development of hypertension (HT), systemic- and neuro-inflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats (SHRSP). However, to date individual species that contribute to HT in the SHRSP model have not been identified. One potential reason, is that nearly all studies of the SHRSP gut microbiota have analyzed samples from rats with established HT. Read More

World J Surg 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Trauma and Burn, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1969 West Ogden Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.

Introduction: The AAST liver injury grade has a validated association with mortality and need for operation. AAST liver injury grade is the same regardless of the mechanism of trauma.

Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of all liver injuries at an urban, level-one trauma center was performed. Read More

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022 May;81(6):437-499