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J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2021 Apr-Jun;33(2):262-266

3Department of Gynaecology, CMH, Mangla, Pakistan.

Background: Amenorrhoea is absence of menstruation. It could be primary, if menstruation has not occurred by the age of 16 years in the presence of normal growth and secondary sexual characters or by the age of 14 years in the absence of secondary sexual characters. It is secondary if periods have not occurred for six months. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021 Jun 12. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, USA.

Purpose: Chemotherapy-related amenorrhea (CRA) is a surrogate for ovarian toxicity and associated risk of infertility and premature menopause. Here, we compare CRA rate with paclitaxel (T)-trastuzumab (H) to that with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1).

Methods: Patients with T1N0 HER2 + early-stage breast cancer (eBC) enrolled on the ATEMPT trial and were randomized 3:1 to T-DM1 3. Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Houston, TX, USA.

Background: Ehlers Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogenous group of connective tissue disorders characterized by defective collagen production. Patients with EDS have lax and fragile connective tissue in their joints, skin, blood vessels and hollow organs. This can lead to, among other complications, joint hypermobility, aneurysms, organ prolapse and musculoskeletal chronic pain. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Clinical Development Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of long-term intermittent administration of 10-mg ulipristal acetate (UPA) for symptomatic uterine fibroids in Japanese women.

Methods: Open-label, noncomparative study (Japan Primary Registries Network identifier: JapicCTI-173737) conducted at 32 gynecological centers (November 2017-December 2019). Premenopausal women diagnosed with uterine fibroids associated with heavy menstrual bleeding received three 12-week courses of 10-mg UPA once daily. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2021 Jul 1;5(7):bvab032. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Sorbonne University Medicine, Paris, France.

Context: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women under 40 years of age. POI is idiopathic in more than 70% of cases. Though many candidate genes have been identified in recent years, the prevalence and pathogenicity of abnormalities are still difficult to establish. Read More

Case Rep Womens Health 2021 Jul 15;31:e00327. Epub 2021 May 15.

West Virginia University School of Medicine, United States of America.

Background: Extrauterine ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, accounting for roughly 1:10,000-30,000 of all pregnancies. Primary omental pregnancy is the least common form of abdominal ectopic pregnancies, making it extremely rare. Typical presentation includes pelvic pain, secondary amenorrhea, with or without vaginal bleeding. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 3;13(5):e14816. Epub 2021 May 3.

Internal Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, SAU.

Turner syndrome (TS) is a relatively common chromosomal abnormality in females. Short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, and somatic dysmorphic features are the characteristic features of the syndrome. The chromosomal abnormalities of TS are highly variable; 45,X/46,XY mosaicism accounts for 10-12% of cases of Turner syndrome. Read More

J Assist Reprod Genet 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Department of Gyneacology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Hospital Foch, 92150, Suresnes, France.

Purpose: To identify the FSH receptor (FSHR) variant and efficacy of in vitro maturation (IVM) in a 28-year-old woman with secondary amenorrhea, primary infertility, and ovarian resistance to FSH, and to analyze the genotype-to-phenotype relationship in cases of FSHR mutation for the development of an IVM algorithm for use in patients with gonadotropin resistance syndrome (GRS).

Methods: Oocytes retrieved after menstruation induction with norethisterone, followed by daily estrogen and an ovulatory trigger, underwent IVM, ICSI, and culture in a time-lapse (TL) incubator. Embryo transfers were performed on day 2, and after thawing on day 5. Read More

Medwave 2021 May 7;21(4):e8162. Epub 2021 May 7.

Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile. Address: Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0003-1692-7209.

Introduction: Uterine fibroids are frequently encountered in gynecology and are a therapeutic challenge. New therapies, such as ulipristal acetate, could help with symptomatic relief, improve quality of life, and decrease uterine fibroid size. Notwithstanding, there is controversy about adverse effects, especially for hepatotoxicity. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 May 13;22(10). Epub 2021 May 13.

Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), and its severe form Asherman syndrome (Asherman's syndrome), is a mysterious disease, often accompanied with severe clinical problems contributing to a significant impairment of reproductive function, such as menstrual disturbance (amenorrhea), infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss. Among these, its correlated infertility may be one of the most challenging problems. Although there are many etiologies for the development of IUA, uterine instrumentation is the main cause of IUA. Read More

J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021 May 28. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki Greece.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate surgical treatment for malformations of the cervix in terms of short- and long-term postoperative function and relevant reproductive outcomes.

Data Sources: PROSPERO (ID No CRD42019128899). Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies up to October 2019 on Medline/PubMed (1966-2019), Scopus/Elsevier (1950-2019), and Google Scholar (up to 2019). Read More

Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2021 May;56(5):317-327

Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral mifepristone (10 mg/day) versus placebo in the preoperative treatment of uterine fibroids. This study was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo, parallel controlled trial. A total of 132 patients with uterine fibroids were randomly divided into study group and control group, with 66 cases in each group. Read More

JMIR Res Protoc 2021 May 25;10(5):e24808. Epub 2021 May 25.

EA4489, Perinatal Growth and Health, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Univ- Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition occurring in 60%-80% of all healthy-term and late-preterm neonates. In the majority of cases, neonatal jaundice resolves spontaneously and causes no harm; however, in some neonates, significant hyperbilirubinemia can develop and lead to kernicterus jaundice, a serious neurological disease. Phototherapy (PT) is the preferred treatment for jaundice; however, to be effective, PT devices need to have a broad light emission surface to generate no or little heat and to provide an optimal wavelength and light intensity (420-490 nm and ≥30 µW/cm²/nm, respectively). Read More

Innov Pharm 2020 28;11(4). Epub 2020 Oct 28.

Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy.

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) originates from placental tissue and is among rare human tumors that can be cured even in the presence of widespread metastases. The most common form of GTD is hydatidiform mole (HM), commonly referred to as molar pregnancy. Molar pregnancies have the potential to locally invade the uterus and metastasize and result as a result ofgestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Gynaecology Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom.

Background: 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) is a rare disorder of sexual development. Patients have a 46XY karyotype, though phenotypically appear female with normal external genitalia and vagina. While patients exhibit normal Mullerian structures (uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina); they possess a pair of bilateral undifferentiated gonad streaks. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 May;49(5):3000605211014797

Department of Paediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei.

The coexistence of imperforate hymen and vaginal septum is rare and their ability to mimic malignant manifestations have not been frequently reported. This current case report describes a 13-year-old girl that presented with cyclic abdominal pain for 6 months. She was found to have a huge mass via abdominal plain film X-ray and sonography, with inexplicably high levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen (CA)-19-9 and CA-125. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 12;14(5). Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)-resulting in 46,XY karyotype, but female phenotype-is a disorder of sex development and primary amenorrhea, but its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) is singular and difficult to manage. Androgens are an important modulator of bone remodeling and health, and the androgen receptor (AR) is pivotal for signaling within the bone cells. CAIS results in a severely disrupted AR throughout the body, causing an elevated risk of early osteoporosis. Read More

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2021 Apr 12;43(4):291-296. Epub 2021 May 12.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Objective:  To evaluate whether continuation rates with the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) up to 5 years after placement differed between women using the method exclusively for contraception and those using the device for medical reasons alone.

Methods:  A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a family planning clinic with 5,034 LNG-IUS users: 4,287 using the method exclusively for contraception and 747 for medical reasons alone. The continuation rate at 1 to 5 years of use was calculated by life table analysis. Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021 May;60(3):526-529

Department of Genetics and Human Genomics, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas-Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Secc, Z. C. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

Objective: Sex chromosome mosaicism remains challenging in the study of disorders of sex development (DSD). Aneuploid cells in the developing gonad play a major role in sex determination. Therefore, it is necessary acknowledge their presence by different methods. Read More

Gynecol Endocrinol 2021 Jun 7;37(6):572-575. Epub 2021 May 7.

Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

Aims: The aims of the presented case report are to emphasize the importance of a proper diagnostics and treatment in the case of the coexistence of Klinefelter syndrome (KS, 47 XXY) and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). Since there is no causal treatment it is necessary to provide the patient with a good quality of life, including psychological and sexological support.

Materials And Methods: The presented case report is the retrospective analysis of the patient's medical history over the 3 years. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2021 Apr 24;12(2):419-423. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Pseudocyesis or false belief of pregnancy is the emergence of classical manifestations of pregnancy-nausea, breast enlargement and pigmentation, abdominal distention, amenorrhea, and labor pains-in a nonpregnant woman. It is a multifactorial disease and its development is influenced by many different elements such as neuroendocrine, social, psychodynamic, and cultural issues. "Folie-à-deux," is shared psychotic disorder, describes a syndrome in which delusion is transferred to another person who is more susceptible. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 26;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra University Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

A 45-year-old woman presented to us with a short-term history of nausea, vomiting and giddiness. On arrival at our hospital, examination revealed postural hypotension. Fluid resuscitation with intravenous normal saline was commenced. Read More

Endocr Rev 2021 Apr 26. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Reproductive hormones play a crucial role in the growth and maintenance of the mammalian skeleton. Indeed, the biological significance for this hormonal regulation of skeletal homeostasis is best illustrated by common clinical reproductive disorders, such as Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Early Menopause, which contribute to the clinical burden of low bone mineral density and increased risk for fragility fracture. Emerging evidence relating to traditional reproductive hormones and the recent discovery of newer reproductive neuropeptides and hormones has deepened our understanding of the interaction between bone and the reproductive system. Read More

Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021 May 13;36:100746. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Université Tunis EL Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Department of Medical Oncology, Abderrahmane Mami Hospital, Tunisia.

Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignancy originating from trophoblastic cells that is known to arise from the placenta. In this report, we describe the case of a 28-year-old female who consulted for amenorrhea and elevated βhCG mimicking a pregnancy of an unknown location, which ultimately turned out to be primary choriocarcinoma of the lung. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 18;13(3):e13974. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND.

Congenital absence of vagina and uterus has been eponymously called Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. The vagina may appear as a dimple with the presence of rudimentary uterine primordia and normal functioning ovaries. Its incidence is 1 in 4500 to 5000 female. Read More

CNS Drugs 2021 May 20;35(5):507-526. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

East London Foundation NHS Trust, Glen Road, Cherry Tree Way, Newham, London, E13 8SP, UK.

Psychotropic medication treatment can cause elevated serum prolactin levels and hyperprolactinaemia (HPRL). Reports have suggested that aripiprazole may decrease elevated prolactin. The aim of this review was to assess evidence for the efficacy of adjunct aripiprazole in the treatment of psychotropic-induced HPRL. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 Apr 17;15(1):202. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Lebanese, American University Medical Center, LAUMCRH, Beirut, Lebanon.

Background: Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare X-linked disorder of sex development, caused by mutations in the androgen receptor. In this case, a 13-year-old child, reared as female, presenting for primary amenorrhea, was diagnosed with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old Caucasian child, reared as female, presents with primary amenorrhea. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 May 31;260:218-224. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, PR China.

Objective: To introduce our experience of laparoscopic uterovaginal anastomosis and operative outcomes following this technique and update the clinical management of congenital cervicovaginal atresia.

Study Design: Between March 2015 and January 2019, twenty-three patients with congenital cervicovaginal atresia underwent laparoscopic uterovaginal anastomosis and Luohu procedure. Their clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes and follow-up data were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Study Objective: To characterize the patient population with cognitive or physical impairments that presents for anticipatory guidance of puberty, evaluate caregiver concerns with respect to puberty, and describe chosen management strategies and outcomes following menarche.

Design: Retrospective cohort study SETTING: Academic tertiary care women and children's hospital PARTICIPANTS: Eligible female patients with special needs up to age 26 years presenting for anticipatory guidance from 2009 to 2018 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes included characterization of patients presenting for anticipatory guidance and their reasons for menstrual management. Secondary outcomes were satisfaction with menstrual management and bleeding patterns. Read More